最新生物试题练习题教案学案课件生物化学英文试题优秀名师资料.docx

最新生物试题练习题教案学案课件生物化学英文试题优秀名师资料.docx

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最新生物试题练习题教案学案课件生物化学英文试题优秀名师资料

生物试题练习题教案学案课件生物化学英文试题

《生物化学》英文试题

1.Listfiveprinciplesthatarecentraltoourcurrentunderstandingoflivingorganisms.2.Describethemajordifferencesbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticcells.3.Identifythefunctionalgroupsinthefollowingmolecules:

4.Namefourclassesofsmallbiomolecules.Inwhatlargerbiomoleculesaretheyfound?

5.Definethefollowingterms:

a.biochemistry;b.oxidation;c.reduction;d.activerransport;

e.leavinggroup;f.elmination;g.isomerization;h.nucleophilicsubstitution;

i.reducingagent;j.oxidizingagent

6.Listtwofunctionsforeachofthefollowingbiomolecules.

7.WhataretherolesofDNAandRNA?

8.Howdocellsobtainenergyfromchemicalbonds?

9.Howdoplantsdisposeofwasteproducts?

10.Listthefivekingdomsoflivingorganisms.Howmanyexamplesfromeachkingdomcanyou

name?

Whichorganismsareprokaryotic?

Whatareeukaryotic?

Inwhichkingdomsare

multicellularorganismsfound?

11.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanunsaturatedandasaturatedhydrocarbon?

12.Itisoftenassumedthatbiochemicalprocessesinprokaryotesandeukaryotesarebasically

similar.Isthisasafeassumption?

13.Whatadvantagesdomulticellularorganismshaveoverunicellularorganisms?

14.Assigneachofthefollowingcompoundstooneofthemajorclassesofbiomolecule:

15.Definethefollowingterms:

a.metabolism;b.nucleophile;c.cytoskeleton;d.lelctrophile;e.energy16.Whatareorganelles?

Ingeneral,whatadvantagesdotheyprovidetoeukaryotes?

17.Muchofwhatisknownaboutbiochemicalprocessesisadirectresultofresearchusing

prokaryoticorganisms.Mostorganisms,however,areeukaryotic.Canyousuggestanyreasons

whysomanyresearcheffortshaveusedprokaryotes?

Whynotuseeukaryotesdirectly?

18.Whataretheprimaryfunctionsofmetabolism?

19.Giveanexampleofeachofthefollowingreactionprocesses:

20.Lifeoneartharosefromnonlivingmolecules.Lifeishighlyorganized,andnonlivingmaterials

aredisorganized.Isthisseeminglyspontaneousincreaseinorganizationaviolationofthe

secondlawofthermodynamics?

Explain.

21.Listseveralimportantionsthatarefoundinlivingorganisms.

22.Whatarethecommontypesofchemicalreactionsfoundinlivingcells?

23.Biochemicalreactionshavebeenviewedasexoticversionsoforganicreactions.Canyou

suggestanyproblemswiththisassumption?

24.Describeseveralfunctionsofpolypeptides.

25.Carbohydratesarewidelyrecognizedassourcesofmetabolicenergy.Whataretwoother

criticalrolesthatcarbohydratesplayinlivingorganisms?

26.Whatarethelargestbiomolecules?

Whatfunctionsdotheyserveinlivingorganisms?

27.NucleotideshaverolesinadditiontobeingcomponentsofDNAandRNA.Giveanexample.28.Howisordermaintainedwithinlivingcells?

29.Nameseveralwasteproductsthatanimalcellsproduce.

30.Definethetermscell.

31.Whatevidenceistherethatallcellshaveacommonancestor?

32.Drawadiagramofabacterialcell.Labelandexplainthefunctionofeachofthefollowing

components:

a.mesosome;b.nucleoid;c.plasmid;d.cellwall;e.pili;f.flagella33.Theouterboundaryofmosteukaryoticcellsisacellmembrane,whiletheouterboundaryofa

prokaryoticcellisacellwall.Howdothesestructuresdifferinfunction?

34.Indicatewhetherthefollowingstructuresarepresentinprokaryoticoreukaryoticcells:

a.nucleus;b.plasmamembrane;c.endoplasmicreticulum;

d.mesosome;e.mitochondria;f.nucleolus

35.Brieflydefinethefollowingterms:

a.exocytosis;b.biotransformation;c.grana;d.symbiosis;

e.endosymbiosis;f.proplastids;g.thylakoid

36.Howdolysosomesparticipateinthelifeofacell?

37.Plastids,structuresfoundonlyin,areoftwotypes.Theseare,whichare

usedtostorestarchandprotein,and,whichaccumulatepigments.

38.Listsixpiecesofevidencethatsupporttheendosymbiotichypothesis.

39.Whatfunctionsdoesthecytoskeletonperforminlivingcells?

40.Severalpathogenicbacteria（e.g.,Bacillusanthracis,thecauseofanthrax）producean

outermostmucoidlayercalledacapsule.Capsulesmaybecomposedofpolysaccharideor

protein.Whateffectdoyouthinkthis“coat”wouldhaveonabacterium’sinteractionswithan

animal’simmunesystem?

41.Manyeukaryoticcellslackacellwall.Suggestseveralreasonswhythisisanadvantage.42.Whatarethetwoessentialfunctionsofthenucleus?

43.Eukaryoticcellsaremorehighlyspecializedthanprokaryoticcells.Canyousuggestsome

advantagesanddisadvantagesofspecialization?

44.Bothperoxisomesandmitochondriaconsumemolecularoxygen.Howdotheirfunctions

differ?

45.Aparticularorganellefoundinaeukaryoteisthoughttohavearisenfromafree-living

organism.Thefindingofwhattypeofmoleculeintheorganellewouldstronglysupportthis

hypothesis?

46.Whatrolesdoplasmamembraneproteinsplayincells?

47.Namethetwoformsofendoplasmicreticulum.Whatfunctionsdotheyserveinthecell?

48.DescribethefunctionsoftheGolgiapparatus.

49.Theendosymbiotichypothesisproposesthatmitochondriaandchloroplastsarederivedfrom

aerobicbacteria.Isthereanystructuralfeatureoftheseorganellesthatprecludestheirhaving

beendevelopedbyeukaryoticcells?

50.Inadditiontoprovidingsupport,thecytoseletonalsoimmobilizesenzymesandorganellesin

thecytoplasm.Whatadvantagedoesthisimmobilizationhaveoverallowingthecellcontents

tofreelydiffuseinthecytoplasm?

51.Whichofthefollowingareacid-conjugatebasepairs?

-2--3--2-a.HCO,CO;b.HPO,PO;c.HCO,CO;d.H2O,OH23324433

52.WhatisthehydrogenionconcentrationinasolutionatpH8.3?

53.Considerthefollowingtitrationcurve.Estimatetheeffectivebufferrange.

54.Describehowyouwouldpreparea0.1MphosphatebufferwithapHof7.2.Whatratioofsalt

toacidwouldyouuse?

55.Whichofthefollowingcompoundscanformhydrogenbondswithlikemoleculesorwith

water?

PO）?

Assume85%56.Whatistheosmolarityofa1.3Msolutionofsodiumphosphate（Na34

ionizationforthissolution.

57.Whatisthefreezingpointofa2.8Msolutionofsodiumnitrate（NaNO）anda3Msolutionof3

glucose?

Assume100%ionizationofNaNO.3

58.Whatdirectiondoeswaterflowwhenadialysisbagcontaininga3Msolutionofthesugar

fructoseisplacedineachofthefollowingsolutions?

a.1Msodiumlactate;b.3Msodiumlactate;c.4.5Msodiumlactate59.Whatinteractionsoccurbetweenthefollowingmoleculesandions?

a.waterandammonia;b.lactateandammoniumion;c.benzeneandoctane;

d.carbontetrachlorideandchloroform;e.chloroformanddiethylether60.Asolutioncontaining56mgofaproteinin30mLofdistilledwaterexertsanosmoticpressure

of0.01atmatT=25?

.Determinethemolecularweightoftheunknownprotein.

61.Manyfruitscanbepreservedbycandying.Thefruitisimmersedinahighlyconcentrated

sugarisallowedtocrystallize.Howdoesthesugarpreservethefruit?

62.Tyrosineisanaminoacid.Whichatomsinthismoleculecanformhydrogenbonds?

63.Brieflydefinethefollowingterms:

a.hydrogenbond;b.pH;c.buffer;d.osmoticpressure;e.colligativeproperties;

f.isotonic;g.amphipathic;h.hydrophobicinteractions;i.dipole;j.induceddipole64.Whichofthefollowingmoleculeswouldyouexpecttohaveadipolemoment?

a.CCl;b.CHCl;c.HO;d.CHOCH;e.CHCH;f.H43233332

65.Explainwhywaterhasanunusuallyhighheatcapacity.Wouldyouexpectammoniaor

methanetohavehighheatcapacities?

66.Whichofthefollowingmoleculeswouldyouexpecttoformmicelles?

a.NaCl;b.CHCOOH;c.CHCOONH;d.CH（CH）COONa;e.CH（CH）CH334321032103

67.Whichofthefollowingmoleculesorionsareweakacids?

Explain.

68.Whichofthefollowingspeciescanformbuffersystems?

69.Describehowyoucanincreasethebufferingcapacityof0.1Macetatebuffer.70.WhateffectdoeshyperventilationhaveonbloodpH?

71.Whichofthefollowingarenotcolligativepropertiesofwater?

72.Whatistherelationshipbetweenosmolarityandmolarity?

73.Explainwhyiceislessdensethanwater.Ificewerenotlessdensethanwater,howwouldthe

oceansbeaffected?

Howwouldthedevelopmentoflifeonearthbeaffected?

74.Whycan’tseawaterbeusedtowaterplants?

75.Explainhowtheacidsproducedinmetabolismaretransportedtotheliverwithoutgreatly

affectingthepHoftheblood.

76.Explainhowwater’shighheatofvaporizationmakessteamaneffectivesterilizingagent.77.ThepHscaleisvalidonlyforwater.Whyisthisso?

SO）.Assume78.Calculatetheboilingpointofa2Maqueoussolutionofsodiumsulfate（Na24

100%ionizationoftheelectrolyte.

79.Isitpossibletoprepareabufferconsistingonlyofcarbonicacidandsodiumcarbonate?

80.Gelatinisamixtureofproteinandwaterthatismostlywater.Explainhowthewater-protein

mixturebecomesasolid.

-881.WhatisthepHofasolutionthatis10inHCl?

82.Reverseosmosisisthoughttobeaneffectivealternativetodistillationforpurifyingofwater.

Doyouthinkthisprocesswouldrequiremoreorlessenergythandistillation?

Explain.83.Manymoleculesarepolar,yettheydonotformsignificanthydrogenbonds.Whatisso

unusualaboutwaterthathydrogenbondingbecomespossible?

84.Waterhasbeendescribedastheuniversalsolvent.Ifthisstatementwerestrictlytrue,couldlife

haveariseninawatermedium?

Explain.

85.Bicarbonateisoneofthemainbuffersoftheblood,andphosphateisthemainbufferofthe

cells.Suggestareasonwhythisobservationistrue.

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