中山大学研究报告生英语期末考试题.docx

中山大学研究报告生英语期末考试题.docx

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中山大学研究报告生英语期末考试题

Passage1

OnemotivationalanalystwhobecamecurioustoknowtherehadbeensuchagreatriseinimpulsebuyingatsupermarketswasJamesVicary.Hesuspectedthatsomespecialpsychologymustbegoingoninsidethewomenastheyshoppedinsupermarkets.Hissuspicionwasthatperhapstheyunderwentsuchanincreaseintensionwhenconfrontedwithsomanypossibilitiesthattheywereforcedintomakingquickpurchases.Hesetouttofindoutifthiswastrue.Thebestwaytodetectwhatwasgoingoninsidetheshopperwasthroughtheuseofagalvanometerorliedetector.Thatobviouslywasimpractical.Thenextbestthingwastouseahiddenmotion-picturecameraandrecordtheeye-blinkrateofthewomenastheyshopped.Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension.Theaverageperson,accordingtoMr.Vicary,normallyblinkshiseyesabout32timesaminute.Ifheistense,heblinksthemmorefrequently;and,underextremetension,hemayblinkupto50or60times.Ifheisnotablyrelaxed,ontheotherhand,hiseye-blinkratemaydroptoasubnormaltwentyorless.

Mr.Vicarysetuphiscamerasandstartedfollowingtheladiesastheyenteredthestore.Theresultswerestartling,eventohim.Theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute.TheladiesfellintowhatMr.Vicarycallsahypnoidaltrance,alightkindoftrancethat,heexplains,isthefirststageofhypnosis.Mr.Vicaryhasdecidedthatthemaincauseofthetranceisthatthesupermarketispackedwithproductswhichinformeryearswouldhavebeenitemsonlykingsandqueenscouldhaveaffordedandhereinthisfairylandtheywereavailabletoall.Mr.Vicarytheorizes:

“Justwithinthisgeneration,anyonecanbeakingorqueenandgothroughthesestoreswheretheproductssay‘buyme,buyme’.”

1Vicary’scuriositywasarousedbythefactthat_________.

A.therewasadecreaseinsalesinsupermarkets

B.womenwereshowingstrongresistancetoproductsinsupermarkets

C.thereseemedtobenologicinwomen’sbuyinghabits

D.womenwereshoppingverycarefully

2Accordingtothearticle,eye-blinkrateisanindicationof________.

A.thetruthorfalsityofastatement

B.thementalabilityofaperson

C.bloodpressure

D.theemotionalstateofaperson

3Mr.Vicary’stest________________.

A.provedhisoriginalhypothesistobetrue

B.provedthatthetensionofawomanshopper,afterenteringthestore,decreasedratherthanincreased

C.nullifiedtheeye-blinkrateasameasurementoftension

D.showedthatawoman’sreactiontotheproductsinasupermarketisimpossibletodetermine

4Afterhistests,Mr.Vicaryconcludedthat_____________.

A.shoppingwasapttocreateseriousnervousdisorders

B.asupermarketisafantasticplace

C.womenareentrancedbythemanywonderfulitemsavailableinsupermarkets

D.womendevelopaninferiorityplexwheninsupermarkets

5Impliedbutnotstated:

_______________.

A.Quickpurchasesaretheresultofinnertension

B.Thefirststageofhypnosisisalighttrance

C.Researchconductedbymotivationanalysiscandisprovetheiroriginalpremises

D.Supermarketsseekingafairylandatmosphereshouldinstallhiddenmoviecameras

Passage2

Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.

Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists’predictions,thetheoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.

Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid:

“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.”

Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.

Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintoth