名词性从句 高考考点和重点剖析.docx

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名词性从句 高考考点和重点剖析.docx

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名词性从句 高考考点和重点剖析.docx

名词性从句高考考点和重点剖析

名词性从句的重点、难点、考点:

名词性从句在功能上相当于名词

名词性从句的定义:

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。

名词从句的功能相当于名词,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

(一)引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词:

who,whose,whom,what,which。

有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词:

when,where,why,how。

有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。

3、连接词:

that,whether,if,asif。

that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;asif(好象)虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。

注意:

连词的选用:

依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。

如果句子中缺主语,指人用who,指物用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;什么都不缺用that。

whether和if(是否),

1.It’snotimmediatelyclear____thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.

A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether

2.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how

3.Whenasked____theyneedmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.\

A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which

4.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas___wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.

A.whereB.howC.whenD.why

5.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?

That’s_____thebestjobsare.

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why

6._______youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(上海1992)

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

7.Goandgetyourcoat.It's____youleftit.

A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere

(二)that在名词性从句中的用法

that引导名词性从句不充当任何成分,没有具体意义。

以下情况that不能省略:

1.主、表、同从句不能省

ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.

The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

2.宾语从句中的that一般可以省,但以下情况不能:

a.并列宾语从句中第一个that可以省,后面的都不能省。

Iknow(that)heisaworkerandthathelivesinShanghai.

b.介词in,except后面的that不能省。

Thereasonliesin______sheworksharderthanothersdo.

Thehigherincometaxisharmfulin______itmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.

c.主句动词后有其它从句插入,或连接词后有其它从句插入,that不能省。

Hejudged______becausehewasachild,hedidn'tunderstandwhathesaid.

Everyoneknows____happenedand_____shewasworried.

Athat,thatB.what,thatC.what,/D.that,what

d.it做形式宾语,that引导真正的宾语从句,that不能省。

Ithinkitdifficult____wefinishthetaskinonlyoneday.A/B.thatC.whatD.which

e.若主句的谓语动词是appear,agree,learn,suggest,observe等时,that通常不可省略。

例如:

Weagreedthatallthestudentsmustplanttreesinthepark.

1.China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows____ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.A.whatB.whichC.不填D.itthat

(三)、whether与if的辨用

whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。

但在下列情况下用whether。

a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句

f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)

g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if

___themeetingwillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.

A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That

2.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee____itgotanybetter.A.whenB.howC.whyD.if

3._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001)

A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why

(四)名词性从句中一律使用陈述句序。

e.g.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

1.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

2.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

3.Thephotographswillshowyou____.(MET1989)

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike

4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___________.(NMET2000)

A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis

5.Canyoumakesure______thegoldring?

(NMET1990)

A.whereAlicehadputB.wheredidAliceput

C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput

6.Heasked________fortheviolin.(NMET1991)

A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

(五)名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况

1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求”的名词性从句中,要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。

e.g.Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)gothereatonce.

Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.

Thesuggestionwasthathe(should)gothereatonce.

Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发\

Heinsistedthathe_____themoneyand____he____setfree.

A.didn’tsteal,/wasB.steal,that,shoudbeC.didn’tsteal,that,shouldbeD.steal,/was

2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。

e.g.IwishIweretenyearsyounger.

Iwishyouhadpostedtheletteryesterday.

IwishIwouldtryagain.

3、在句型“It+is/was+adj.+主语从句”中,如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。

e.g.It’sstrangethathe(should)thinkso.

Itisnecessarythathe(should)gothereatonce.

1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)

A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster

2.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.

A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo

3.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.

A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff

(六)主语从句:

it做形式主语的重要句型

1)Itis/was+名词+that从句(apity,ashame,agoodidea,nowonder,anhonor,hightime)

1.Itisapitythatshe_________(come)totheparty.

2.Itishightimethatwe__________(get)downtowork.

3.ItisthefirsttimethatI_________(come)toBeijing. 

4._____isnowonder_____thechildrenlovetovisitthefarm.

2)Itis/was+adj+that从句(possible,probable,likely,certain,surprsing,clear,obvious,apparent,evident,well-known,true,important,necessary,essential,strange常用虚拟语气:

即(should)+动词原形)如:

Itisnecessarythatwe_________(have)agoodknowledgeofbasicEnglish.

3)Itis/was+过去分词+that从句(said,reported/thought,believed,suggested,advised,ordered,required,proved,believed,arranged,expected,hoped)如:

___issaid_____hehasgoneabroad.

4)It+不及物动词+that从句

Itseems/happens(碰巧)/appears/turnsout/doesn’tmatter/itoccurstosb.(某人突然想起))that…

例句:

____seems______hehasknownthesecret.

1.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

2.It’sobvioustothestudents_____theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.

A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that

3.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for

4.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.them

5.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

 A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

6.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.

A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays

(九)think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中用在第一人称中时,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。

即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中

例如:

Wedon’tthinkyouarehere,________________?

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso._________________?

Shedoesn’tthinkyouarehere,________________?

(七)同位语从句

说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有:

(advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,promise,proposal,question,request,reason,suggestion,truth,wish,word,belief)等。

1.Thenews_____wewonthegameisexciting. 

()2.Thethoughtcametohim______Maryhadprobablyfallenill.

A.whatBthatC.whyD.when

()3.-----Isthereanypossibility____youcouldpickupattheairport?

-----Noproblem.

()4.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request__theschoolliberaryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.

()5.Newscamefromtheschooloffice____WangLinhadbeenadimittedtoBeijingUniversity.

()6.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别 

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

Thenewsthathetoldmeisveryimportant.(that引导______从句,作______,______省略)

Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameisexciting.(that引导_______从句,_____省略)

()1.Thenarosethequestion____weweretogetsomuchmoney.

()2.Thisthehouse____thegreatmanMaoZedongwasborn110yearsago.

A.whereB.thatC.aboutwhichD.inwhich

(八)表语从句:

表语从句位于系动词(be,seem,look等)后,有时用asif/asthough引导表语从句。

Ithappensthat(恰好),Itappearsthat(似乎),Itseemsthat(好象),Itturnsoutthat(结果是)等这类结构的句子,通常被看作是表语从句。

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。

-----HowIwishedwestudied_____therearefewerexams!

-----Youarejoking.A.whereB.theplacewhereC.inwhichD.inwhere

(九)Where,when,why,because,asif/asthough等连接副词引导的名词性从句。

Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:

这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。

例如:

Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.

That’sbecausehedidn’tworkhardenough.

ThatwaswhyIaskedforthreedays’leave.

1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

-----Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where

2.—Doyouremember____hecame?

—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.HowB.whenC.thatD.if

3.Thereason____hewaslatewas______hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning

A.why,becauseB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.for,that

(十)that与what在名词性从句中的区别

That引导名词性从句在从句中不充当任何成分,也没任何意义,只起连接作用,有时可以省略,而what引导从句时充当主,宾,表,定语。

1._________hesaidsomadeusangry.

2._

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