主谓一致语法及考点讲解 附练习题和详解.docx
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主谓一致语法及考点讲解附练习题和详解
语法讲解:
主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
考点1:
对语法一致原则的考查
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.主语是单数名词时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
Twostudentsarewaitingforyouinyouroffice.
Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.
考点2:
对语法附加原则的考查
主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
如:
Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.
NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.
Jackaswellashisfriendsisreadytohelpyou.
She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
考点3:
对整体原则的考查
主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等量度的词作主语时,视为整体看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。
例如:
TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.
Fivedollarsisenough.
注意:
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:
WhatIboughtwasabook.
Whatwebadlyneedaregoodteachers.
考点3:
对就近一致原则考查
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由either……or,neither……nor,whether……or……,notonly……butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如:
Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.
Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.
Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如:
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.
Thereisapen,fivepencilsandtwobooksonthedesk.
考点4:
逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
如:
Whichisyourbag?
/Whichareyourbags?
/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
★2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:
Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3.若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如:
“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。
如:
Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.
5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如:
Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
★6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.
7.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
★8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
如:
Theoldarehappy.
9.如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
如:
ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
注意:
people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild
考点5:
代词做主语的考查点
Each,either,neither或由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neitherofthemisinterestedinfolksongs.他们两人都对民歌不感兴趣。
Eitherofthestoriesisastonishing.这两个故事中的任何一个都令人惊讶。
Somebodyiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.有人在学校大门口等你。
注意:
—none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
但当none指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Noneofthemoneyinthedrawerismine.抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。
Nonehas/havebeenfound。
一个也没有找到。
—each作同位语时,谓语动词的单复数根据主语而定,不受其影响。
如:
Thestudentseachhaveatextbook.每个学生都有一本课本。
考点6:
oneof+复数名词/代词的考查点
采用语法一致的原则,谓语动词用单数
例如:
oneofthestudentsinmyclassisfromHongkong.我们班有一位学生来自香港。
注意:
在宾语从句中例外,因为关系代词who/that/which最靠近复数名词而不是one,故定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
只有one之前出现theonly,thevery等修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。
例如:
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.
他是通过考试的学生之一。
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
他是通过这次考试的唯一的一名学生。
:
考点7:
对并列词and的考查
由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:
LucyandLilyaretwins.
SheandIareclassmates.
Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.
BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.
注意:
(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,如:
breadandbutter,lawandorder,warandpeace等,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:
Thewriterandartisthascome.
Breadandbutteriswhatweusuallyhaveforbreakfast.
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom./
Noboyandnogirllikesit.
考点8:
对of引导的短语的考查
由“alotof,lotsof,allof,mostof,halfof,someof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
若of后面接不可数名词或单数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如:
Alotofmoneyiswasted.许多钱被浪费了
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.
Someofthecitizensarefortheplan.有些市民赞同这个计划
Therestofthelectureiswonderful.
50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
Onethirdofhismoneyisspentonbooks.
注意:
anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof“……的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。
如:
anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.
Thenumberofthepeoplewhoknowthesecretismylimited.
考点9:
manya和morethanone+n的特殊用法
尽管其意义是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:
Manyastudentisbusygoingovertheirlessons.
许多学生正忙着复习功课。
注意:
more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Morechildrenthanonewereplayingintheshadeofthetree.
不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。
练习:
1. One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _____
been planted.
A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has
2. The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers
in this school _____ from the countryside.
A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is
3. What _____ the population of China?
One-third of the population _____ workers here.
A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is
4. Not only he but also we _____ right. He as well as we _____ right.
A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are
5. What he’d like _____ a digital watch. What he’d like _____ textbooks.
A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is
6. He is one of the boys who _____ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _____ here
on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come
C. has come; has come D. have come; have come
7. Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess. _____ you or he fond of music at present?
A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is
8. Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _____
studied animals and plants in the last two years.
A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are
9. A knife and a fork _____ on the table. A knife and fork _____ on the table.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
10. Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _____ dancing and
singing when I came in last night.
A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were
11. How and why Jack came to China _____ not known. When and where to build the new library
_____ not been decided.
A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have
12. Now Tom together with his classmates _____ football on the playground.
A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing
13. Two hundred and fifty pounds _____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
15. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _____ about it.
A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks
16. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
17. My friend and classmate Paul _____ motorcycles in his spare time.
A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing
18. There _____ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
19. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _____ burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
20. Climbing hills _____ of great help to health.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
21. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
22. The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.
A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken
23. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
24. Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when the fire broke out.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
25. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south; the rest of them _____ from
the north and foreign countries.
A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are
1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.
A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople
C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples
2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.
A.istohold;isB.isto