The Revenge on the Dreary MoorPsychoanalysis of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights.docx

The Revenge on the Dreary MoorPsychoanalysis of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights.docx

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TheRevengeontheDrearyMoorPsychoanalysisofHeathcliffinWutheringHeights

2012届

　　　　　　　分类号：

I106

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　单位代码：

10452

毕业论文（设计）

凄郁荒原上的复仇

—《呼啸山庄》主人公希刺克厉夫精神分析

姓名　

　　　　　学号　　　　

　　　　　年级　　

　　　　　专业　　　　英语

　　　　　系　（院）　　　外国语学院

　　　　　指导教师　

2012年4月20日

TheRevengeontheDrearyMoor

—PsychoanalysisofHeathcliffinWutheringHeights

AThesisSubmitted

toForeignLanguagesSchoolof

LinyiUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

Supervisor：

April20,2012

Acknowledgements

Inthecourseofmystudyingandwritingthispaper,Iwouldliketoexpressmydevoutgratitudetoallthosewhohaveassistedme.

Firstofall,Ishouldgivemydeepestandsincerestappreciationto.Shefacilitatesmyworkinrichcollectionsofmaterialsandaccompaniesmeineachsteponmythesiswriting.Withoutherenlighteningandinvaluableinstructions,thispaperwouldnothaveachieveditspresentshape.

AndI’mgratefultoallmyteachersinthisuniversity.InthefouryearswhenIstudyhere,theytreatmewithwarmthandpatience;providemewithilluminatingcommentsandencouragements.

Lastbutnotleast,I’mgreatlyindebtedtomyclassmatesandfriends,andtheyalsohavebroughtmesomeprecioussuggestionsandconfidencetoaccomplishthispaper.

Abstract

EmilyBrontëdevotedherlifetoWutheringHeights,whichrepresentedtherealityofthe19thcentury.AsthesolenovelinEmilyBronte’slife,WutheringHeightsenjoysagreatfameinliterature.ThisnovelshowsthereadersnotonlydeeplovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherine,butalsostronghatredandrevengeinHeathcliffresultingfromsuchprofoundlove.EmployingFreud’stheoryofpsychoanalyticpersonality,thepaper,fromtheperspectivesofthree-levelpersonalitystructure,thoroughlyanddeeplyanalyzedthecausesofHeathcliff’sinsanityandrevealstheinevitabledoomedtragedyofhislifeandthesocialimplicationsofWutheringHeights.

Keywords:

Freud;theoryofpsychoanalyticpersonality;tragedy;socialimplications

摘要

艾米利·勃朗特毕生致力于《呼啸山庄》，它是十九世纪英国现实的体现。

作为艾米丽·勃朗特的唯一一部作品，《呼啸山庄》在英国文学史上备受关注。

这部小说不仅展现给读者希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的深刻的爱情，更包含了希刺克厉夫由至深的爱演变而来的疯狂的恨与复仇。

本文运用弗洛伊德精神分析人格理论，从三重人格结构方面，较为全面、深刻剖析艾米利·勃朗特的代表作《呼啸山庄》男主人公希刺克厉夫心理变态和人格扭曲的成因，揭示其悲剧的必然性及作品的社会启示。

关键词：

弗洛伊德；精神分析人格理论；悲剧；社会启示

TableofContents

Acknowledgementsi

Abstractii

摘要iii

TableofContentsiv

Introductioniv

ChapterOneBriefIntroductionofWutheringHeights3

1.1BackgroundofWutheringHeights3

1.1.1Englandintheearlyof19Century3

1.1.2ContentofEmilyBrontë4

1.2ABriefSummaryofWutheringHeights4

ChapterTwoABriefIntroductionofFreud’sTheoryofPsychoanalyticPersonality8

ChapterThreePsychoanalysisofHeathcliff11

3.1TheSelf-indulgentIdofHeathcliff11

3.2TheTorturousEgoofHeathcliff12

3.3TheLethalSuperegoofHeathcliff13

Conclusion15

WorksCited16

Introduction

AsthesolenovelinEmilyBrontë’slife,WutheringHeightsenjoysagreatfameinliterature.Therearesomanypeoplewritingarticlesaboutthisnovel.Somepeopleregarditasasorrowfullovestory,andsomepeoplesaythatitisthebloodyrevengeofHeathcliff.Alsomanypeoplebelievethatitisthestruggleandtussleoftheunderdogswholivesinthesubstrate.ManyliteraturecriticsmakeresearchonthenovelbasedonMarxism,feminism,psychoanalysis,andtheresearchofcultureofChristianism.Alsotherearealotofscholarsmakingresearchontheenvironmentandcharactersinthisnovel.

TheEnglandcriticThompson（1997）wrotethebookEmilyBrontëandWutheringHeights.Hemadearesearchaboutthethemeofthenovelfromtherespectofsociology.Inhisview,WutheringHeightstellsnotthelovestorybetweenCathyandHeathcliff,butrevealstheenthusiasmofthepeoplealive,theownershipoftheproperty,thearrangementofmarriage,theimportanceofeducation,andtherelationshipbetweenthepoorandtherich.Inaword,WutheringHeightspresentsreadersthepsychologicalpressureandconflictofpeoplelivedinthe19thcenturyofcapitalisticsociety.

TheEnglandcriticDavisCecil（2001）wrotethebookEmilyBronteandWutheringHeights.Inthisbook,thewriterremarkedonthelivingenvironmentofEmilyBrontëandtheimagination,thetongueanddepictionstyleinWutheringHeights.Whatismore,heanalyzedthepersonalityinthebook.LiteraturecriticVirginiaWoolfcomparedJaneEyretoWutheringHeights.ShesaidthatCharlotteBrontëusedhereloquenceandpassiontoexpressherlove,hatred,andagony（Woolf167）.However,thereisno“I”inWutheringHeights.EmilyBrontëwasillumedbyuniversalconception,sowhatdrovehertowritewasnotherownloveandsorrow,buttherealitythatshewouldoverlookthewholeworld.

Inourcountry,therearealsomanyscholarsresearchthenovelfromdifferentrespect.ProfessorChenMaolin（2005）inNankaiUniversitywrotethearticleReturntoNature,hebelievedthatnatureinthenovelwasanindependentsubject;itprotectedpeople’sspiritandsoul.Soonlypeoplereturnedtonature,returnedtohumanity,couldwesolveourmentalproblems.Heemphasizedtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweencivilizationandnature.ProfessorMaKun（2008）,ShanghaiNormalUniversity,wrotethearticleReturnofHumanity,pointedoutthatsocializationandsymbolizationistheinevitablefateofhumanbeingsintherespectofself-identity.

InconsiderationoftheresearchproductionandtrendofWutheringHeightsathomeandabroad,mostarticlesaretalkingaboutthetheme,writingtechnique,andcharacterinWutheringHeights.Althoughscholarsinourcountryhavewidenedthedepthandenrichthecontentofresearch,thereisstillmuchdisparitywhencomparingtotheoverseas.SoweshouldgivetheresearchofWutheringHeightsamoremultidimensionalspace.Therefore,thispaperwillanalyzethemaincharacterofWutheringHeights,Heathcliff,fromtheperspectiveofPsychoanalysis.

Apartfromtheintroductionandconclusionpart,themainbodyofthisthesisconsistsof

threechapters.ChapteroneisaboutthebackgroundofWutheringHeightswhichmainlytellsabouttheauthorandthesocietyofthenovel.Inchaptertwo,thispaperintroducesFreud’stheoryofPsychoanalyticPersonality,whichwillbeusedtoanalyzetheprotagonistofthenovel,Heathcliff,inthelaterchapter.Atlast,thispaperusesFreud’stheorytoanalyzeHeathcliffspecificallyandtorevealtherealisticmeaningofWutheringHeights.

ChapterOneBriefIntroductionofWutheringHeights

Loveplaysaneedfulroleinmanyliteraryoutputs,sodoesitinthenovelWutheringHeights,whichiscalled“Sphinxinliterature”writtenbyEmilyBronte.AsthesolenovelinEmilyBronte’slife,WutheringHeightsenjoysagreatfameinliterature.ThetragiclovebetweentwomaincharactersHeathcliffandCatherineisthemostfascinatingfactorinthisnovelandhasbeenunderdisputesincethenovelwaspublished,andthisnovelshowsthereadersnotonlydeeplovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherine,butalsostronghatredandrevengeinHeathcliffresultingfromsuchprofoundlove.

1.1BackgroundofWutheringHeights

1.1.1Englandintheearlyof19Century

Thestoryhappenedintheearly19century,theVictoriaperiod,whenUKwasaclassicpatriarchysocietywithastrongsenseofhierarchyandclasscontradiction,dividedpeopleintoseverallevels.Theirworkingpeoplenotonlywereexploitedandoppressedbythecorruptlandedaristocracy,butalsoruledbytheemergingbourgeoisnobles.Meanwhilewomenandproletariateswereoppressedtoo,whosepersonalrightshadbeendeprived.

Atlawwomenwereequaltomalecriminals,madmanandminors,inwhicheverclasstheywere.Themiddleclasswereinworsecondition,becausetheirwivesanddaughterswerenotregardedasthesymbolofestateorstatus,whohadtoclingtoman--farther,husband,brotherorsonforlifeandbecameother’sdolls.Asfarastheywereconcerned,marriagewasthebesthometheyturnedto,onwhichtheirallsuccessorfailuredepended.Butwomenwereequivalentofjettonthatwasusedforconsolidatingtheirrankoffamiliesandpromotingtheirfamilies’wealth.Itwasthewooer’swealthandstatusthatdecidedthesuccessorfailureofone’smarriage,whichshouldbewell-matchedratherthanallowedbyfamilies（James49）.

Ifthemarriagewasopposedbyfamilies,itwasmorelikelytobefailure.Toelopewithhis/herloverwasthelastchoiceforyouthwholovedeachothersomuchandwouldn'tabandoneachotherforever.Whileelopementmeanslosteverything,theynotonlyhadtobreakwiththeirownfamiliesandgiveuptherightofinheritingtherankoffamiliesandwealth,butalsotheyhadtobearheavysocietypressure.

InVictoriatimes,elopementandadulterywereregardedasshamefulthing,whichwouldbecondemnedbysocietyatthattime.Asaresult,thelovershadtoliveaincognitolife,strugglingtothemselvesagainsttheruthlessandfuriouslife.Familyownedsomanyrightsonmarriagethatmanshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.Therichyouthwouldbetternottoproposalwhenhetookafancytothewomanunderlowerclass,unlesshewouldbeexpeledoutoffamily.

1.1.2TheIntroductionofEmilyBrontë

EmilyBrontëwasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,nowbestrememberedforhernovelWutheringHeights,aclassicofEnglishliterature.EmilyBrontëlivedaneccentric,closelyguardedlife.Shewasbornin1818,twoyearsafterCharlotteandayearandahalfbeforehersisterAnne,whoalsobecameanauthor.Herfatherworkedasachurchrector,andheraunt,whoraisedthemupaftertheirmotherdied,wasdeeplyreligious.Emily