英美文学选读背诵精华.docx

英美文学选读背诵精华.docx

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英美文学选读背诵精华

英美文学选读背诵精华

Name/CNName

Writer'sFeatures

Writings/CNWritings

Writing'sFeatures

EnglishLiterature

TheRenaissancePeriod

1.Age:

1500-1660

2.Background:

stimulatedbytherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekclassic;England'sGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature;theChurchofEnglandbrokeawayfromtheCatholicChurch

3.Features:

（1）Newpoeticalformsintroduced,e.g.blankverseandsonnet;

（2）TheEnglishdramabaseditselfonthemodelsofRomanandGreekclassicsandtheprecedentsfromItalyandSpain

（3）Theuniversaltendofhumanisminemphasizingman'sdignityandhisworldlyhappiness

WilliamShakespeare

威廉.莎士比亚

Thegreatestplaywrightandthemostpopularsonnetwriter;acreationofcharacters;skillfulplotconstruction;irony;agooduseofalanguage;skilledinvariouspoeticforms;ofthreequatrainsandacouplet（三节四行诗加一节偶句）;nationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity—“TheKing’sgovernmentmustbecarriedon”（在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的）

（Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:

Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.）

Literatureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality

Sonnets

十四行诗

TheMerchantofVenice

威尼斯商人

Hamlet

哈姆雷特

（VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯;TheRapeofLucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantictragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;RomeoandJuliet;

Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth）

1.154poems;Englishform

2.ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.ManypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristians'hypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews（Shylock）.

3.Amanofcontemplationratherthanaction;hasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath

JohnMilton

约翰.弥尔顿

Aversatilewriter;fightforfreedominallaspectsasaChristianhumanist

ParadiseLost

失乐园

Satan,afterbeingdefeatedinhisrebelagainstGod,temptsAdamandEvetoeattheapplesfromtheForbiddenTree,andcausestheFallofMan

TheNeoclassicalPeriod

1.Age:

1660-1798

2.Background:

TheEnglishsocietyoftheneoclassicalperiodwasaturbulentone.FastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation;theAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason

3.Features:

（1）AfurtheranceoftheRenaissance–theEnlightenmentMovement,advocateduniversaleducation

（2）Reason,"eternaltruth","eternaljustice","eternalequality"waswhathumansocietyshouldseekfor;advocateduniversaleducation

（3）Revivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworks（neoclassicism）

（4）Keeptoorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy

（5）Hadspecificrulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature

DanielDefoe

丹尼尔.笛弗

Averygoodstory-teller;hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration

Smooth\easy\colloquial\mostlyvernacular

RobinsonCrusoe

鲁宾逊漂流记

Adventureonadesertedisland;depictsaherogrowsfromaninexperiencedyouthontoashrewdandhardenedman;asongofcourage,wisdom,struggleagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment

JonathanSwift

乔纳森.斯威特

Isalmostunsurpassedinthewritingofsimple,direct,preciseprose;“properwordsinproperplaces”

Clear\simple\concretediction\uncomplicatedsentencestructure\economyandconcisenessoflanguage

Gulliver’sTravels

格列佛游记

Fourplaces:

Lilliput,Brobdingnag,theflyingisland;Houyhnhnm

HenryFielding

亨利.菲尔丁

Firstofallthe18thcenturyEnglishnovelisttowritethe"comicepicinprose";thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle;usethethird-personnarration;“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”;“thejustcopiesofhumanmanners”

Easy\unlabored\familiar\extremelyvividandvigorous\logicandrhythm

TomJones

汤姆.琼斯

TheRomanticPeriod

1.Age:

1798-1870

2.Background:

comingalongwiththeFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution

3.Features:

（1）Contrarywiththeneoclassicism:

emphasizethatmanhaveincommon,focusesonthespecialqualitiesofindividualmind

（2）Tendtoprobeintotheinnerworldofthehumanspiritrathernarratedailyhappeningsofthehumanworld

（3）Employruralscenery,legendaryandmythological,storiesofancienttimes,figuresfromcountryandOrientals

（4）Produceanumberofgreatpoets,theRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry

（5）ThefocusoftheeverydaylifeofhumanbeingsintheAgebroughtabouttheflourishingoffamiliaressays

WilliamBlake

威廉.布莱克

ThefirstimportantRomanticpoet;thespokesmanofrevolt;took“ThisWorld”as“aWorldofImaginationandVision”,declaringthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryandimaginative”

Plain\direct\lyricbeauty\symbolism

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofInnocence

扫烟囱的孩子/天真之歌

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofExperience

扫烟囱的孩子/经验之歌

TheTyger老虎

1.Indicatestheconditionsoftheexploitationofchildlabor,whichmakereligionaconsolation;

2.Revealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren

WilliamWordsworth

威廉.华兹华斯

A“worshipperofnature”;apoetinmemoryofthepast,tohim,lifeisacyclicaljourney,itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend;Advocatethewritingofthecommonpeopleinordinarylanguage;thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes;naturalscenerywithitsbeautyandmysteryactsalsoasoneofhisfavoritethemes,thepoorinruralplaces;revealtheinnerworkingsofindividual’smind;theseemingsimplicityofthepoetbothindictionanddescriptionisimmersedinaprofoundandsympatheticlongingforabetterworld;poetryoriginatesfrom“emotionrecollectedintranquility”

LyricalBallads

抒情歌谣集

TinternAbbey

丁登寺旁

（（IWanderedLonelyasaCloud我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云

ComposeduponWestminsterBridge作于西敏寺桥上

SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays她居住在人迹罕至的地方

TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女）

AvividpictureofabeautifulmorningInLondon;Italianform

PercyByssheShelley

铂.比.雪莱

Greatestachievementishisfour-actpoeticdrama,PrometheusUnbound

ASong:

MenofEngland

英国人民之歌

OdetotheWestWind

西风颂

1.AwarcrycallinguponallworkingpeopleofEnglandtoriseupagainsttheirpoliticaloppressorsandanaddresstopointouttothemtheintolerableinjusticeofeconomicexploitation

2.Theautumnwind,buryingthedeadyear,preparingforanewSpring;“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

”

Expressedeagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality

JohnKeats

约翰.济慈

Sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;exactandcloselyknitconstruction,sensualdescription

OdetoanGrecianUrn

希腊古瓮颂

Showthecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransienceofhumanpassion

JaneAusten

简.奥斯汀

Mainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationships;hercharacteristicthemeisthatmaturityisachievedthroughthelossofillusions

Delightfulandprofound

PrideandPrejudice

傲慢与偏见

Wavevividpicturesofeverydaylifeofsimplecountrysociety

TheVictorianPeriod

1.Age:

1836-1901

2.Background:

（1）Earlyyears:

rapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems

（2）Thenexttwentyyears:

prosperityandrelativestability.anationalspiritofearnestness,respectability,modestydomesticity

（3）Thelastthreedecades:

thedeclineoftheBritishempireandthedecayoftheVictorianvalues

3.Idea:

（1）Darwin’sTheOriginofSpecies;TheDescentofManshookthetheoreticalbasisofthetraditionalfaith

（2）Utilitarianism:

whetheritcouldpromotethematerialhappiness

（3）sociallyconsciouswriterscriticized

（2）’sdepreciationofculturalvalues,coldindifferencetowardshumanfeeling

（4）literature:

magnitudeanddiversity,romanticallyandrealistically

4.criticalrealistwriters:

criticizedthesociety,concernedaboutthefateofcommonpeople　　　　　　　　　　　

CharlesDickens

查尔斯.狄更斯

1.Theme:

criticalrealistwriters,criticize:

poverty,injustice,hypocrisy,corruptness

2.Characteristics:

（1）Heisskillfulinthedialectandhavealargevocabulary

（2）characterportrayal

（3）charactersaremostlyinnocent,helpless,persecutedchildcharacters

（4）amixtureofhumorandsympathism（pathos）

（5）bizarrefigure,horrible

OliverTwist雾都孤儿

（ThePickwickPaper;DavidCopperfield;DomebyandSon;ATaleofTwoCities;BleakHouse;LittleDorrit;HardTimes;GreatExpectations）

Thecrueltyandhypocrisyoftheworkhousesystemandthedarkcriminalunderworldlife

TheBronteSisters

夏治特.布郎帝

1.scene:

vast,rough,untouchedmoorlandwilderness

2.Charlotte’sworksareallaboutthestruggleofanindividualconsciousnesstowardsself-realization,aboutsomelonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafull,happylife.Inhermind,man’slifeiscomposedofperpetualbattlebetweensinandvirtue,goodandevil

JaneEyre/CharlotteBronte

简爱

WutheringHeights/EmilyBronte

呼啸山庄

1.Mr.RochesterandJaneEyre.

Rochester:

agrim-looking,energetic,quick-tempered,butanunderstandingmiddle-agedman;hasaburningspiritandalongingtoloveandbeloved;strugglesforrecognitionofherbasicrightsandequalityasawoman.It‘sanindividualconsciousstruggletowardsself-realization.Shegetsjoythroughthesacrificeofherselforherwea