人教新目标八年级上册18复习.docx

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人教新目标八年级上册18复习

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?

onvacation在度假(美式)onholiday(英式)stayathome呆在家gotothemountains去山里gotothebeach去海滩gotosummercamp去夏令营

复合不定代词:

something,anything,everything,nothing(指物)

someone,anyone,everyone,noone(指人)

somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody(指人)

*不定代词作主语,相当于第三人称单数,谓语使用三单形式

Anythingispossible./Someoneiswaitingforyou.

*当不定代词被形容词修饰,形容词要后置。

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?

Didyoumeetanyoneinteresting?

anyone,someone,everyone(只指人,不可与of连用)

anyone,someone,everyone(指人或物,常与of连用)

Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.(指书)

Everyoneofusisveryhungry.(指人)

nobody=noone/none

nobody,noone指人,意思是没有人,不可与of连用,常用来回答who开头的问句。

Whoisintheclassroom?

---Noone/Nobody.

none指人或物,指三者或三者以上的全部否定,常与of连用,常用来回答howmany,howmuch开头的问句。

Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?

---None.

afew,few修饰可数名词复数,afew表示很少,有一些,few表示几乎没有,否定含义

Ihaveafewtoycars,butfewofthemarenew.

alittle,little修饰不可数名词,alittle表示很少,有一些,little表示几乎没有,否定含义

Ihavelittlewaterinthebottle,canyougivemealittle?

quiteafew相当多,修饰可数名词复数,quitealittle相当多,修饰不可数名词

mostofthetime大多数时间,在此most是代词,mostofthestudents

most还可以用作形容词,moststudents

反身代词:

用来强调或表示动作返回执行者本身,与所代的名词在人称和数上保持一致。

myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves

常和反身代词连用的短语有:

enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime

teachoneself=learn…byoneselfItaughtmyselfEnglish.=IlearnedEnglishbymyself.

helponeself(to)请自便,请随便吃点Helpyourselvestosomefish,TomandJane!

byoneself亲自,独自Hegoestoschoolbyhimself.

feedsbsth=feedsthtosb

feed…with/onsth用…来喂某人、物

feedon以…为食

nothingbut(to)do除…之外

Ihadnothingtodobut(to)sitdownandwait.

seemtodosth可转换成itseems/seemedthat

Heseemstoknowtheanswer.=Itseemsthatheknowstheanswer.

decidetodosth决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事decideonsth/doingsth

名词:

decision做决定:

makeadecision

trytodosth努力、尽力做某事,付出一定的努力,否定结构trynottodosth尽力不做某事

YoumusttrytolearnEnglishwell.你必须尽力把英语学好

I’lltrynottoreadinbed.我会尽力不躺在床上看书

trydoingsth尝试做某事,不一定要付出努力

tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力做某事

I’lltrymybesttowinthegame.我会尽我最大的努力赢得比赛。

feellike感觉到,给…的感觉

Ifeltlikeanewmanmyself.我感觉自己换了一个人。

feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth=wouldliketotosth想要干某事

Idon’tfeellikeeatingtoday.

arrivein(大地方)arriveat(小地方)=getto=reach到达

wonder=wanttoknow,后常接宾语从句,注意宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序

Iwonderwhoheis./ShewonderedwhatIdidlastnight.

enjoydoingsth=likedoing

感叹句:

What+(a/an)+adj+n+(主+谓)!

Whatawonderfulmovie(itis)!

How+adj/adv+the+n+谓!

Howwonderfulthemovieis!

difference可数名词区别,差别形容词是different

atthetopof在…的顶部Wehadapicnicatthetopofthemountain.

over=morethan超过waitforsb/sth等待某人、某物

toomany太多的,修饰可数名词复数toomuch太多的,修饰不可数名词

muchtoo非常,修饰形容词

hard:

形容词困难的,艰难的hardwork艰难的工作

坚硬的ahardstone

副词努力地workhard努力地工作

猛烈地(指雨、雪下得大)rainhard=heavily

because+句子becauseof+名词或名词性短语

Becausetheweatherwasbad,westayedathome.

Becauseofthebadweather,westayedathome.

below非垂直下方----above非垂直上方under垂直下方---over垂直上方

enough:

形容词,修饰名词,enoughtime/enoughmoney

副词,修饰形容词或副词,后置bigenough

adj+enoughtodosth足够…干某事Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

as+adj或adv的原级+as和…一样…HeisasoldasTom.他和Tom一样大

JaneisastallasJack.Jane和Jack一样高

notas…as不如,不及Heisn’tasoldasTom.他没有Tom大

thesameas和…一模一样Myschoolbagisthesameasyours.

forgettodosth忘记去做某事(没做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(已做)

stoptodosth停下来去做另一件事stopdoingsth停止做某事

another+数+名词复数=数+more+名词复数

anothertwohours=twomorehours

dislikedoingsth/disliketodosth

Howdoyoufeelabout…?

=Howdoyoulike…?

=Whatdoyouthinkof…?

keepdoingsth持续做某事keepsbdoingsth使某人持续干某事

keep+adjkeepquiet=keephealthyinexcitement激动地,兴奋地

goontodosth继续做另一件事goondoingsth继续做原来做的事

findout发现,找出

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?

howoften对频率提问,回答一般是表示频率的单词或短语,often,always,onceaweek,everyday等。

Howoftendoyouexercise?

Twiceaweek.

howlong对时间段提问,也可以对物体的长度提问.HowlongdoyouwatchTVeveryday?

---Abouttwohours./Howlongisyourdesk?

howmanytimes多少次,对次数提问,回答一般是once,twice,threetimes…等表示次数的词

Howmanytimesdoyouexerciseinaweek?

----Aboutthreetimes.

howsoon意为“还要多久”,回答一般用in+一段之间,这里的介词in表示将来的一段时间之后。

Howsoonwillyoucomeback?

-----Inthreeweeks.

helpwithhousework帮忙做家务(housework不可数)helpwithsth在某一方面帮助某人=

helpsbdosth=helpsbtodosth

exercise锻炼动词Heexerciseseveryday.

锻炼不可数名词doexercise(做锻炼)

体操,练习可数名词domorningexercises/doeyeexercises/Englishexercises

sometimes有时候sometimes几次,几倍sometime一段时间sometime某时,有朝一日

hardly否定含义,意为几乎不Heworkshard,andhehardlygoestobedbefore23:

00.

everyday每一天,表示频率

everyday日常的,每天的everydaylife日常生活everydayEnglish日常英语

once一次onceayear一年一次

曾经Heoncelivedhere.他曾经住在这里。

atonce立刻,马上Youshouldseethedoctoratonce.你应该立刻去看医生。

What’syourfavoriteprogram?

=Whatprogramdoyoulikebest?

usetheInternet=surftheInternet=goonline上网

Nextweekisquitefullforme.对于我来说,下周非常忙。

此句中的full=busy

full的其他用法:

饱的I’mfull.我饱了。

反义词hungry

满的,充满befullof=befilledwith

Theroomisfullofsmoke.=Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.房间里充满了烟。

Howcome?

怎么会?

为什么?

可单独使用,也可以接句子,用来询问事情的缘由

Howcometheskyissoblue?

天怎么会这么蓝呢?

maybe或许,可能,大概,常位于句首,也可位于句中或句末,省略句子的结构仍完整。

maybe可能是,也许是,是由情态动词may加动词原形be构成,在句中作谓语,不可省略

Maybesheisateacher.====Shemaybeateacher.

stayuplate熬夜到很晚eatahealthybreakfast吃一段健康的早餐atleast至少,起码

wantsbtodosth=wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人干某事

begoodfor对…有益bebadfor对…有害Drinkingmilkeverydayisgoodforourhealth.

begoodat擅长begoodwith和…相处的好,善于应付…

health名词健康healthy形容词健康的

ingoodhealth=healthy健康的Heisingoodhealth.=Heishealthy.

inbadhealth=unhealthy不健康的Theoldmanisinbadhealth.=Theoldmanisunhealthy.

keepingoodhealth=keephealthy保持健康

gocampinginthecountry去乡村露营

inone’sfreetime在某人空闲的时间IoftenwatchTVinmyfreetime.

asksbaboutsth询问某人关于某事Don’taskgirlsabouttheirages.

freetimeactivities课余活动useoftheInternet网络的使用(use是名词)

resulttheresultof……的结果Thisistheresultofthebasketballgame.

asaresult因此,结果Heiscleverandworkshard,asaresult,theteachersalllikehim.

数字+percentof+n作主语,谓语动词的数根据of后面的名词来定

50%oftheboyslikeP.E./15%ofthewaterisdirty.

onceortwiceaweek(每周一两次),偶尔也会用oneortwotimesaweek

twoorthreetimesaweek(每周两三次,注意不用twice)threeorfourtimesaweek(每周三四次)数字相邻,用or连接

onetothreetimesaweek(每周一到三次,注意不用once)fourtosixtimesaweek(每周四到六次)数字不相邻,用to连接

notatall不用谢,没关系

not…atall=not…intheslightest一点也不,根本不

I’mnothappyatall.=I’mnothappyintheslightest./Idon’tlikeEnglishatall.=Idon’tlikeEnglishintheslightest.

surprise动词,使…吃惊Itsurprisedmealot.(句中的surprised是surprise的过去式)

名词,惊喜,惊奇givesbasurprise给某人一个惊喜toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的是Tomysurprise,hewonthegame.insurprise好奇地,惊奇地Thestudentslookedattheirteacherinsuiprise.

surprised形容词,好奇的,惊奇的(修饰人)

besurprisedthat+句子Iwassurprisedthathedidn’tcome.

besurprisedatsth对…感到吃惊Hewassurprisedatthenews.

besurprisedtodosthHewassurprisedtomeetme.

surprising形容词,修饰物

theanswerto=thekeyto…的答案

although/though…but不可以同时出现在一个句子中

Althoughhewasill,hewenttoschoolasusual.虽然他生病了,但是他还是和往常一样上学。

by依靠,凭借(方法,手段)+名词、代词、doingsth

Hehasnohands.Hewritesbyfeet.

Imakealivingbyteaching.我靠教书谋生。

Hemademoneybysellingnewspapers.他靠卖报纸挣钱。

through通过,穿过

穿过,指从物体的内部空间穿过,gothrough穿过forest,park,city等

通过,凭借Youcanwinthroughhardwork./Hegotajobthroughafriend.

thebestwaytorelax放松的最佳方式,torelax作后置定语,修饰前面的way

abestplacetovisit参观的最佳地方

mind心智名词changeone’smind改主意makeupone’smind下定决心

介意动词minddoingsth介意干某事Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?

Nevermind.没关系

suchas=like例如suchas后面如果接动词,通常用doing的形式

Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun.

spendtimewithsb与某人东渡时光

spend花费,主语必须是“人”常用的结构有:

spendtime/moneyonsth

spendtime/money(in)doingsth

cost花费,主语必须是“物”

take花费,主语通常是it形式主语,结构是ittakes(took)sbsometimetodosth

pay付钱,主语是“人”,常与for连用Ipaid30yuanforthisbook.

as如同,像thesameas和…一模一样

当…时候=whenAs/WhenIwalkedalongthestreet,Ifoundawallet(钱包).

Oldhabitsdiehard.旧习难改

a16-year-oldgirl一个16岁的女孩an8-year-oldboy一个8岁的男孩

a2-dayholiday一个两天的假期

gotothedentist=seeadentist去看牙医seeadoctor去看病

however,转折关系,相当于but,however与前后的句子之间都要用逗号隔开

Ihadatoothache(牙疼),however,Ididn’twanttogotothedentist.

beafraid害怕beafraidofsth/doingsth;beafraidtodosth

almost几乎,差不多在实意动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后

Itisalmostnew./Healmostforgotme.

unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.

形容词、副词的比较级构成规律

1.一般情况下,在形容词、副词的词尾直接+er,最高级+est:

tall,taller,tallest

2.以e结尾的形容词、副词,在词尾直接+r,最高级+st:

nice,nicer,nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再+er,最高级+est:

easy,easier,easiest/shy,shyer,shyest(shy,shier,shiest)

4.重读闭音节,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再+er,最高级+est:

big,bigger,biggest/thin,thinner,thinnest/fat,fatter,fattest/hot,hotter,hottest

5.多音节和部分双音节词,在原级前+more,最高级+most:

beautiful,interesting,important,popular,wonderful,outgoing,clearly,tired,useful,careful

不规则变化:

good/well,better,best;bad/badly/ill,worse,worst;many/much,more,most

little,less,least;far,farther/further,farthest/furthest;old,older/elder,oldest/eldest

比较级的用法:

1.基本句子结构:

A+be+形容词比较级+than+B:

I’mmoreoutgoingthanyou.

A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B:

TomjumpshigherthanJack.

注意:

同类事物才能做比较。

正确:

Mypenisbiggerthanyours.

错误:

mypenisbiggerthanyou.

2.两者(A与B)进行比较,“A比B大/长/高……”,数量词放在比较级的前面,即:

A+谓语+数量词+形容词

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