人教新目标八年级上册18复习.docx

1、人教新目标八年级上册18复习Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?on vacation 在度假（美式） on holiday(英式)stay at home呆在家 go to the mountains去山里go to the beach去海滩 go to summer camp去夏令营复合不定代词：something , anything, everything, nothing（指物）someone, anyone, everyone, no one（指人）somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody （指人）*不定代词作主语

2、，相当于第三人称单数，谓语使用三单形式 Anything is possible. / Someone is waiting for you.*当不定代词被形容词修饰，形容词要后置。I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?Did you meet anyone interesting?anyone , someone , everyone (只指人，不可与of连用)any one , some one , every one (指人或物，常与of连用)You

3、 can take any one of these books. （指书）Every one of us is very hungry. (指人)nobody =no one / nonenobody, no one 指人，意思是没有人，不可与of连用，常用来回答who 开头的问句。Who is in the classroom? -No one / Nobody.none 指人或物，指三者或三者以上的全部否定，常与of连用，常用来回答how many ,how much开头的问句。How many students are there in the classroom? -None.a f

4、ew , few修饰可数名词复数，a few表示很少，有一些， few表示几乎没有，否定含义I have a few toy cars, but few of them are new.a little, little修饰不可数名词，a little表示很少，有一些，little表示几乎没有，否定含义I have little water in the bottle, can you give me a little?quite a few 相当多，修饰可数名词复数，quite a little相当多，修饰不可数名词most of the time 大多数时间，在此most是代词，most o

5、f the studentsmost还可以用作形容词， most students反身代词 :用来强调或表示动作返回执行者本身，与所代的名词在人称和数上保持一致。myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself , ourselves, yourselves, themselves常和反身代词连用的短语有： enjoy oneself = have a good timeteach oneself= learnby oneself I taught myself English .= I learned English by myself. help one

6、self (to) 请自便，请随便吃点 Help yourselves to some fish, Tom and Jane!by oneself 亲自，独自 He goes to school by himself.feed sb sth = feed sth to sb feed with / on sth 用来喂某人、物feed on以为食nothing but (to) do 除之外I had nothing to do but (to ) sit down and wait.seem to do sth可转换成it seems/seemed that He seems to know

7、 the answer.= It seems that he knows the answer.decide to do sth决定做某事 decide not to do sth决定不做某事 decide on sth/doing sth名词：decision 做决定： make a decisiontry to do sth 努力、尽力做某事，付出一定的努力，否定结构try not to do sth尽力不做某事You must try to learn English well.你必须尽力把英语学好Ill try not to read in bed. 我会尽力不躺在床上看书try do

8、ing sth尝试做某事，不一定要付出努力try ones best to do sth尽某人最大的努力做某事Ill try my best to win the game.我会尽我最大的努力赢得比赛。feel like 感觉到，给的感觉I felt like a new man myself. 我感觉自己换了一个人。feel like doing sth = want to do sth= would like to to sth想要干某事I dont feel like eating today.arrive in (大地方) arrive at(小地方) = get to = reach

9、 到达wonder= want to know ,后常接宾语从句，注意宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序I wonder who he is . / She wondered what I did last night.enjoy doing sth = like doing 感叹句： What +(a/an)+adj+n+(主+谓)！ What a wonderful movie (it is)! How +adj/adv+ the +n +谓！ How wonderful the movie is!difference 可数名词区别，差别形容词是differentat the top of 在的顶

10、部 We had a picnic at the top of the mountain.over= more than 超过 wait for sb / sth 等待某人、某物too many 太多的，修饰可数名词复数 too much太多的，修饰不可数名词much too 非常，修饰形容词hard : 形容词困难的，艰难的 hard work 艰难的工作坚硬的 a hard stone副词努力地 work hard 努力地工作猛烈地（指雨、雪下得大） rain hard = heavilybecause +句子 because of +名词或名词性短语Because the weather

11、 was bad, we stayed at home.Because of the bad weather, we stayed at home.below非垂直下方 -above非垂直上方 under垂直下方-over垂直上方enough: 形容词，修饰名词，enough time / enough money副词，修饰形容词或副词，后置 big enough adj +enough to do sth 足够干某事 He is old enough to go to school.as +adj 或adv的原级+as 和一样 He is as old as Tom. 他和Tom一样大 Ja

12、ne is as tall as Jack. Jane和Jack一样高not as as 不如，不及 He isnt as old as Tom. 他没有Tom大the same as 和一模一样 My schoolbag is the same as yours.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（没做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做）stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事another+数+名词复数= 数+more +名词复数another two hours = two more hoursdisli

13、ke doing sth / dislike to do sthHow do you feel about ? = How do you like? = What do you think of?keep doing sth 持续做某事 keep sb doing sth 使某人持续干某事keep+adj keep quiet= keep healthy in excitement 激动地，兴奋地go on to do sth继续做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事find out 发现，找出Unit 2 How often do you exercise?how of

14、ten 对频率提问，回答一般是表示频率的单词或短语，often, always, once a week, every day等。How often do you exercise? Twice a week.how long 对时间段提问，也可以对物体的长度提问. How long do you watch TV every day?-About two hours. / How long is your desk? how many times多少次，对次数提问，回答一般是once,twice, three times等表示次数的词How many times do you exercis

15、e in a week?-About three times.how soon 意为“还要多久”，回答一般用in+一段之间，这里的介词in表示将来的一段时间之后。 How soon will you come back? -In three weeks.help with housework 帮忙做家务 (housework不可数) help with sth在某一方面帮助某人=help sb do sth = help sb to do sthexercise 锻炼动词 He exercises every day.锻炼不可数名词 do exercise (做锻炼)体操，练习可数名词 do

16、morning exercises/ do eye exercises / English exercisessometimes 有时候some times 几次，几倍 some time一段时间 sometime某时，有朝一日hardly 否定含义，意为几乎不 He works hard, and he hardly goes to bed before 23:00.every day 每一天，表示频率everyday日常的，每天的 everyday life 日常生活 everyday English日常英语once 一次 once a year一年一次曾经 He once lived h

17、ere.他曾经住在这里。 at once 立刻，马上 You should see the doctor at once.你应该立刻去看医生。Whats your favorite program?= What program do you like best?use the Internet= surf the Internet= go online上网Next week is quite full for me. 对于我来说，下周非常忙。此句中的full=busyfull 的其他用法：饱的 Im full. 我饱了。反义词hungry满的，充满 be full of= be filled

18、with The room is full of smoke.= The room is filled with smoke.房间里充满了烟。How come? 怎么会？为什么? 可单独使用，也可以接句子，用来询问事情的缘由How come the sky is so blue? 天怎么会这么蓝呢？maybe 或许，可能，大概，常位于句首，也可位于句中或句末，省略句子的结构仍完整。may be可能是，也许是，是由情态动词may加动词原形be构成，在句中作谓语，不可省略Maybe she is a teacher. =She may be a teacher.stay up late熬夜到很晚

19、eat a healthy breakfast 吃一段健康的早餐 at least至少，起码want sb to do sth=would like sb to do sth想要某人干某事be good for 对有益 be bad for 对有害 Drinking milk every day is good for our health.be good at 擅长 be good with和相处的好，善于应付health 名词健康 healthy 形容词健康的in good health = healthy 健康的 He is in good health.= He is healthy.

20、in bad health = unhealthy 不健康的 The old man is in bad health.= The old man is unhealthy.keep in good health= keep healthy 保持健康go camping in the country 去乡村露营in ones free time在某人空闲的时间 I often watch TV in my free time.ask sb about sth询问某人关于某事 Dont ask girls about their ages.free time activities 课余活动 us

21、e of the Internet 网络的使用（use是名词）result the result of 的结果 This is the result of the basketball game. as a result 因此，结果 He is clever and works hard, as a result, the teachers all like him.数字+percent of +n 作主语，谓语动词的数根据of后面的名词来定50% of the boys like P.E. / 15% of the water is dirty.once or twice a week (每

22、周一两次)，偶尔也会用one or two times a weektwo or three times a week(每周两三次，注意不用twice) three or four times a week(每周三四次) 数字相邻，用or连接one to three times a week(每周一到三次,注意不用once) four to six times a week(每周四到六次) 数字不相邻，用to连接not at all不用谢，没关系notat all = notin the slightest 一点也不，根本不Im not happy at all.= Im not happy

23、in the slightest./ I dont like English at all.=I dont like English in the slightest.surprise 动词，使吃惊 It surprised me a lot.(句中的surprised是surprise的过去式)名词，惊喜，惊奇 give sb a surprise给某人一个惊喜 to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是 To my surprise, he won the game. in surprise 好奇地，惊奇地 The students looked at their teacher i

24、n suiprise.surprised形容词，好奇的，惊奇的 (修饰人) be surprised that+句子 I was surprised that he didnt come. be surprised at sth 对感到吃惊 He was surprised at the news. be surprised to do sth He was surprised to meet me.surprising形容词，修饰物the answer to = the key to的答案although / though but 不可以同时出现在一个句子中Although he was i

25、ll, he went to school as usual.虽然他生病了，但是他还是和往常一样上学。by 依靠，凭借（方法，手段）+名词、代词、doing sthHe has no hands. He writes by feet.I make a living by teaching. 我靠教书谋生。He made money by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸挣钱。through 通过，穿过穿过，指从物体的内部空间穿过，go through 穿过 forest, park , city 等通过，凭借 You can win through hard work. /

26、He got a job through a friend.the best way to relax 放松的最佳方式，to relax作后置定语，修饰前面的waya best place to visit 参观的最佳地方mind 心智名词 change ones mind改主意 make up ones mind 下定决心介意动词 mind doing sth介意干某事 Would you mind opening the window? Never mind. 没关系such as=like 例如 such as 后面如果接动词，通常用doing 的形式Exercise such as p

27、laying sports is fun.spend time with sb 与某人东渡时光spend 花费，主语必须是“人”常用的结构有：spend time/ money on sth spend time/money (in) doing sthcost 花费，主语必须是“物”take 花费，主语通常是it形式主语，结构是it takes(took) sb some time to do sthpay 付钱，主语是“人”，常与for连用 I paid 30yuan for this book.as 如同，像 the same as和一模一样当时候=when As / When I wa

28、lked along the street, I found a wallet(钱包).Old habits die hard.旧习难改a 16-year- old girl 一个16岁的女孩 an 8-year-old boy一个8岁的男孩a 2-day holiday一个两天的假期go to the dentist= see a dentist 去看牙医 see a doctor去看病however,转折关系，相当于but， however与前后的句子之间都要用逗号隔开I had a toothache(牙疼)， however, I didnt want to go to the den

29、tist.be afraid 害怕 be afraid of sth/ doing sth ; be afraid to do sthalmost几乎，差不多在实意动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后 It is almost new. / He almost forgot me.unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.形容词、副词的比较级构成规律1. 一般情况下，在形容词、副词的词尾直接+er, 最高级+est: tall , taller, tallest2. 以e结尾的形容词、副词，在词尾直接+ r, 最高级+ st: nice , nicer,

30、nicest3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再+er ,最高级+est : easy , easier, easiest / shy , shyer, shyest (shy, shier, shiest)4. 重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再+er, 最高级+est：big , bigger, biggest / thin , thinner, thinnest / fat, fatter, fattest / hot, hotter, hottest5. 多音节和部分双音节词，在原级前+more, 最高级+most:beautiful , interest

31、ing, important, popular, wonderful,outgoing , clearly, tired , useful , careful不规则变化：good/ well , better , best ； bad/ badly /ill , worse, worst ; many /much , more , mostlittle , less , least; far , farther/ further , farthest/ furthest; old , older/ elder, oldest/ eldest比较级的用法：1.基本句子结构：A + be + 形容词比较级+ than + B：Im more outgoing than you. A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级+ than + B：Tom jumps higher than Jack. 注意：同类事物才能做比较。正确：My pen is bigger than yours.错误：my pen is bigger than you.2.两者（A与B）进行比较，“A比B大/长/高”，数量词放在比较级的前面，即： A+谓语+数量词+形容词