高中英语必修3第四单元.docx
《高中英语必修3第四单元.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语必修3第四单元.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高中英语必修3第四单元
Part
WarmingUp&Reading
1、beginwith以…开始,相当于startwith
eg:
Thefilmbeganwithascream.
拓展:
begin…with…以…开始…
Let'sbeginourlessonwithanEnglishsong.
end…with…以…结束…tobeginwith首先,起初
2、directionn,方向,指导
eg:
Hehasapoorsenseofdirection.
固定搭配:
in…direction/inthedirectionof朝…的方向
Inalldirections朝四面八方
注意:
direction常用作复数,表示“指示,说明书”
3、Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(随后它会变成什么一直不确定,直到38亿年到45亿年前这团尘埃才形成一个固体的球状物。
)
该句是一个主从复合句,What在句中引导主语从句,作become的表语,when意为“andatthattime”。
be+不定式的用法如下:
(1)表示按计划或安排发生的事
eg:
TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweek'stime.
(2)表示将来必然要发生的事情,意为“注定…”
eg:
Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingtheywerenevertomeetagain.
(3)表示”应该/义务”,相当于should,must,haveto
eg:
Youaretoreporttheaccidenttothepolice.
(4)用于否定句,表示“禁止”,相当于mustn't
eg:
Youarenottosmokeinthereadingroom.
(5)表示“想,打算”,相当于intend,want
eg:
Ifwearetobetheresoon,we'llhavetogonow.
(6)表示可能性,相当于can,may
eg:
Thebooksaretobefoundinthelibrary.
辨析till、until
(1)两者都可用介词、连词,一般情况下可以互用。
用于肯定句时,主句的谓语动词应该是延续性的,表示动作一直延续至till或until所指的时间为止,意为“直到…为止”;用于否定句,主句的谓语动词一般是非延续性的,也可以是延续性的,表示动作直到till或until所指的时间才发生,意为“直到…(才)”
eg:
ShewatchedTVuntil/tillhermothercameback.
(2)当notuntil置于句首(此时不用till)时,句子或主句需用部分倒装形式
eg:
NotuntilyesterdaydidIknowthetruth.
(3)notuntil还可以用在强调句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…+that从句”中,强调时间状语
eg:
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrecognizedher.
4、last作动词的用法:
(1)某种状态持续Theflowershowlastedforaweek.
(2)坚持,保持Thisbagwilllastforalongtime.
(3)(食物、水、金钱等)对人而言够用(某段时间)
Apoundofsugarwilllastmeaweek.
explodev,爆炸,爆破,突然爆发,突增,推翻
5、Theywereintimetoprducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.(它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。
)
本句是一个复合句,which为定语从句的引导词,先行词是carbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases。
从句的谓语动词采用betodo结构,表示注定的情况。
Intime及时,终于
eg:
Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.
Intime还有“过些时候,总有一天”之意
拓展:
innotime立即,马上atnotime决不atatime一次,每次
atonetime曾经,一度attimes有时aheadoftime提前forthetimebeing暂时takeone'stime别着急,慢慢来
6、Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(许多科学家相信,地球上水的继续存在使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里)
本句是一个复合句,句中What引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语,that引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,也不能省略
allow允许,其常用短语为:
allowsbsth同意给某人某物allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事allowdoingsth允许做某事
eg:
Thereadingroomdoesn'tallowsmoking.
harmfuladj,有害的beharmfulto…对…有害
eg:
Smokingcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.
7、makeitpossible使它成为可能make+宾语+宾语补足语(adj/n/do/done)
注意:
makesbdosth结构在主动语态中省略to,在被动语态中还原to,即sbbemadetodosth
developvt,发展,开发
eg:
Weshoulddevelopthenaturalresourcesofourcountry.
Vi,发展,开发,发育
Thishasmadeitnecessaryforagricultureandindustrytodevelopveryquickly.
Developing发展中的developed发达的
adevelopingcountry一个发展中的国家adevelopedcountry一个发达国家
8、multiplyv用法如下:
(1)使繁殖,增殖Rabbitsheremultiplyrapidly.
(2)迅速增多,成倍增加(某事物)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.
(3)乘Multiply2and3togetherandyouget6.
辨析befullof、befilledwith、fill…with…
(1)(be)fullof是形容词短语,含义与befilledwith相似,可以充当状语、定语(后置)或表语
eg:
Aswegotthehouse,everythingItouchedseemedtobefulloflife.
(2)befilledwith是系表结构
eg:
Thegirlisfilledwithjoy.
(3)fill…with…使…充满…或将…装满…
eg:
Ihavefilledtheglasswithwater.
encouragevt,鼓励或支持某人encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事
encouragingadj,令人鼓舞的encouragementn,支持,鼓励
9、existvi,存在,生存Doeslifeexistonotherplanets?
existancen,存在,生存
固定搭配:
existin存在于…中
existon靠…为生(=liveon)
existby靠…生存
Comeintoexistence开始存在,成立
10、spreadvi&vt伸开,扩散,传播,展开
Spreadtheword散布消息spreadAonB在B上涂A
SpreadBwithA将A涂在B上
11、thusadv,因此,于是
Inone'sturn轮到某人,接着
dosthbyturns相当于taketurnsindoingsth轮流做某事
12、prevent…from阻止,制止
eg:
Wemustpreventthemfrommakingtrouble.
拓展:
与preventsbfromdoingsth类似的词组有:
stopsbfromdoingsth和keepsbfromdoingsth,意为“阻止某人做某事”。
其中keepsbfromdoingsth中的from不可以省去,前两个词组中的from都可以省去,但这三个词组用于被动语态时,from都不可以省略
13、Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
)
这是一个复合句,whether引导主语从句,不充当成分,起补全句意的作用,意为“是否”;tocome作millionsofyears的后置定语,on后的whether引导宾语从句
dependv,依赖,依靠,取决于常与on/upon连用
eg:
Youcandependonme.
dependon/upon依靠,由…而定,取决于,依赖于
dependonsbtodosth指望某人做某事
14、puzzlen,谜,难题
Crosswordpuzzle纵横填字游戏
Vi&vt使迷惑,使为难
eg:
I'vebeenpuzzlingoverallthefigures,tryingtofindwhathappenedtothemissingmoney.
固定搭配:
puzzleabout/oversth对某事苦苦思索
beinapuzzleaboutsth对某事迷惑不解(不知如何是好)
Puzzledadj,感到迷惑的puzzlingadj,令人费解的
练习:
1、I’vegotmanyEnglishbooksthatIcan’tdecide________.
A.whattobeginwithB.whichtobeginwithC.whattobeginD.whichtobegin
2、DoyouknowwhenMrWhite_______?
Whenhe_________,tellhimtowaitinthesittingroomforawhile.
A.willarrive,willcomeB.reach,comesC.istoget,came
D.istoarrive,comes
3、Dr.Bethune_______untiltheoperationwasover.
A.leftB.didnotleaveC.wasleavingD.hadleft
4、Everythingchanges_________.Whatwasnotacceptedinthepastmaybeverypopularwithpeoplenow.
A.intimeB.ontimeC.fortimeD.overtime
5、Neverformthehabitofsmokingbecauseit________humanbeings.
A.isharmfultoB.doesharmforC.isharmforD.doesharmfulto
6、Hedidn’tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.
A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
7、_________existedacertaindoubtamongtheworkersastothenecessityofthework.
A.ItB.ThereC.WhatD.That
8、Onceitisfixedup,,nothingcanstoptheplan______.
A.tocarryoutB.CarryingoutC.tobecarriedoutD.beingcarryingout
9、Heisnottheperson________intimeoftrouble.
A.tobelieveB.todependC.todependonD.totrustin
10、Thegirllookedatmewitha_________expression.Maybetheproblemwasquite________.
A.pizzled,puzzlingB.puzzling,puzzledC.puzzled,puzzled
D.puzzling,puzzling
11、Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis________createsfurtherproblems.
A.inturnB.inallC.incaseD.intime
12、IwanttogotothelibrarybutIamafraidIamnotintheright______.
A.wayB.distanceC.sideD.direction
13、Weneedhelpfromtheothercountries.Butwedonot_______onothersforsupport.
A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply
14、Theschoolbagis_______books.
A.fullwithB.filledofC.filledwithD.full
15、Hersuccess_________metotrythesamething.
A.wasencouragedB.encourageC.encouragedD.isencouraged
Part
LearningaboutLanguage
1、Theevidenceforthistheoryisthattheatomsthatmakeuptherocksonthemoonseemtobedifferentfromthoseonearth.(证明这一理论的是组成月球岩石的原子看起来和地球上的不一样。
)
本句中的第一个个that引导表语从句,第二个that引导定语从句
makeup的用法:
(1)组成、构成,凑足常用于被动语态中,即bemadeupof(由…组成)
eg:
Weneedonemoreplayerstomakeupateam.
(2)编造,捏造,虚构
eg:
Shemadeupstoriestoamuseherlittlebrother.
(3)弥补,把…补上
eg:
Johnmustmakeuptheworkhemissed.
(4)和解,和好
eg:
Theyquarrelledbutsoonmadeup.
(5)化妆,打扮
eg:
Shetookover30minutestomakeup.
固定搭配:
makeof由…制造
Makeform由…制造
Makein加入、干涉
Makeout理解,辨认出
makesense有意义,理解
makeclear弄清楚,显示
makesure确信
maketea泡茶
makeover转让,移交
Seem,系动词,似乎、好像、仿佛,不用于进行时
(1)后面可接形容词,不定式或名词作表语
eg:
Heseems(tobe)veryhappy.
(2)seem后可接不定式的完成式
eg:
Youseemtohavemadeamistake.
(3)seem后可接like短语(通常不接as)
eg:
Itseemslikeabigbirdflyinginthesky.
(4)Itseemsasif/asthough…看来好像…
eg:
Itseemedasthoughshedidn’thaveafriendintheworld.
(5)Itseemsthat……好像…
eg:
Itseemedthatsomeoneleftwiththebuildingunlocked.
(6)seem可用于therebe句型
eg:
Thereseemstobesomemistakes.
2、remainv,剩下,留下,逗留,依然,仍然
eg:
Ididn’tremainlonginthecity.
拓展:
n,仍然是……
adj,保持某种状态
remaindoing持续做…
tobedone有待做……
3、Interestsv,使感兴趣
eg:
Wewilltrytointeresthimintheproject.
拓展:
(1)interestedadj,感兴趣的
eg:
SheisgreatlyinterestedinLanguages.
(2)interestingadj,令人感兴趣的;引起感兴趣的;有趣的
eg:
aninterestingbook
(3)interestn,兴趣,关心,感兴趣的事,爱好,利益,好处
beofgreatinterest非常有趣的
take/have/feel/showinterestin……对…有兴趣
lostinterestin…对…失去兴趣
withinterest有兴趣地
4、dieout灭绝;消失;消灭
eg:
Thatcustomdiedoutyearsago.
与die有关的短语:
dieof/from因…而死,一般是由于疾病、情感、年纪、渴、饿、冻而死
dieofhunder/anillness饿/病死dieofanoldage老死
diefromoverwork/awound操劳过度/受伤而死
注意:
dieof指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等,diefrom则指由于外因而死亡
5、crashvi&vt,碰撞,坠落
eg:
Thedishescrashedtothefloor.
拓展:
(1)n,坠落声,撞击声
eg:
Thetreefellwithagreatcrash.
(2)adj,突击式的,速成的vi,突然倒台,崩溃
练习:
1、_______acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.
A.IthasB.TheyhaveC.ItmeansD.Thereremains
2、Tomshowsno________chemistry.Hedoesn’tlikeit________.
A.interestin,atallB.interestedin,inallC.interestsfor,atall
D.interestin,firstofall
3、Thefire_______at11lastnight,butafterthefiremancame,it_______.
A.brokeout,diedoutB.wasbrokenout,wasdiedoutC.wasbrokenout,diedoutD.brokenout,wasdiedout
4、Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?
Ican’t_______you.
A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdupto
5、Therehasbeenaseriesofairplane________lately.
A.breaksB.crashesC.fallsD.fallings
Part
UsingLanguage
1、Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.(随着火箭的升空,由于我们试图逃离地球的引力,我们被向后推在了座位上)
本句是一个复合句,as引导时间状语从句,because引导原因状语从句
Pull的用法:
(1)v,拖,拉,牵引反义词为push
eg:
Helpmemovethispiano;youpullandI’llpush.
(2)n,【c】拉力,牵引力,引力
辨析pull、drag、draw
这三个词均有“朝着一个(或相同的)方向拖,拉某物”之意
(1)