9A文土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx

9A文土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx

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9A文土木工程专业外文文献及翻译

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二〇一二年六月

英文原文：

Buildingconstructionconcretecrackof

preventionandprocessing

Abstract

ThecrackproblemofconcreteisawidespreadeRistencebutagaindifficultinsolveofengineeringactualproblem,thisteRtcarriedonastudRanalRsistoalittlebitfamiliarcrackproblemintheconcreteengineering,andaimatconcretethecircumstanceputforwardsomeprevention,processingmeasure.

KeRword:

Concretecrackpreventionprocessing

Foreword

Concrete'sising1kindisanticipatebRthefreestonebone,cement,waterandothermiRturebutformationoftheinadditionmaterialofqualitRbrittlenessnotandallmaterial.Becausetheconcreteconstructiontransformwithoneself,controletc.aseriesproblem,hardenmodelofintheconcreteeRistencenumeroustinRhole,spiritcaveandtinRcrack,iseRactlRbecausethesebeginningstartblemishofeRistencejustmaketheconcretepresentonesomenotandallthecharacteristicofqualitR.ThetinRcrackisakindofharmlesscrackandacceptconcreteheavR,defendShenandalittlebitotherusefunctionnotacreationtoendanger.ButaftertheconcretebesubjectedtolotuscarrR,differenceintemperatureetc.function,tinRcrackwouldcontinuouslRofeRpandwithconnect,endformationwecanseewithouttheaidofinstrumentsofmacroviewthecrackbealsothecrackthattheconcreteoftensaRintheengineering.

ConcretebuildingandGoupieceusuallRalltakesewertomakeof,becauseofcrackofeRistenceanddevelopmentusuallRmakeinnerpartofreinforcingbaretc.materialcreationdecaR,lowerreinforcedconcretematerialofloadingabilitR,durableandanti-ShenabilitR,influencebuildingofeRternalappearance,servicelife,severitRwillthreatarrivepeople'slifeandpropertRsafetR.AlotofallofcrashofengineeringsisbecauseoftheunsteadRdevelopmentofthecrackwiththeresultthat.Modernagescienceresearchwithagreatdealofoftheconcreteengineeringpracticecertificate,intheconcreteengineeringcrackproblemisineluctable,alsoacceptableincertainlRofthescopejustneedtoadoptvalidofmeasurewillitendangerdegreecontrolatcertainofscopeinside.ThereinforcedconcretenormisalsoeRplicitprovision:

SomestructureatplaceofdissimilaritRundertheconditionalloweRistencecertainthecrackofwidth.Butatunderconstructionshouldasfaraspossibleadoptavalidmeasurecontrolcrackcreation,makethestructuredon'tappearcrackpossiblRorasfaraspossibledecreasecrackofamountandwidth,particularlRwanttoasfaraspossibleavoidharmfulcrackofemergence,insureengineeringqualitRthus.

ConcretecrackcreationofthereasonbealotofandhavealreadRtransformedtocauseofcrack:

SuchastemperaturevarietR,constringencR,inflation,theasRmmetrRsinktosinketc.reasoncauseofcrack;HaveoutsidecarrRthecrackthatthefunctioncause;Protectedenvironmentnotappropriatethecracketc.causedwithchemicaleffect.Wantdifferentiationtotreatintheactualengineering,work°outaproblemaccordingtotheactualcircumstance.

Intheconcreteengineeringthefamiliarcrackandtheprevention

1.StemSuocrackandprevention

StemtheSuocrackmuchappearaftertheconcreteprotectbeoverofaperiodoftimeorconcretesprinkletobuildtocompletebehindofaroundaweek.InthecementsRruphumiditRofevaporatewouldcreationstemSuo,andthiskindofconstringencRiscan'tnegative.StemSuocrackofthecreationbemainisbecauseofconcreteinsideoutsidehumiditRevaporatedegreedissimilaritRbutcausetotransformdissimilaritRofresult:

TheconcreteissubjectedtoeRteriorconditionofinfluence,surfacehumiditRlossleadquick,transformbigger,innerpartdegreeofhumiditRvarietRsmallertransformsmaller,biggersurfacestemtheSuotransformtobesubjectedtoconcreteinnerpartcontrol,creationmorebigpullshoulddintbutcreationcrack.TherelativehumiditRismorelow,cementsRrupbodRstemSuomorebig,stemtheSuocrackbemoreeasRcreation.StemtheSuocrackismuchsurfaceparallellinesformorthenetshallowthincrack,widthmanRbetween0.05-0.2mm,theflatsurfacepartmuchseeinthebigphRsicalvolumeconcreteandfollowitmoreinthinnerbeamplankshorttodistribute.StemSuocrackusuallRtheanti-Shenofinfluenceconcrete,causethedurableoftherusteclipseinfluenceconcreteofreinforcingbar,underthefunctionofthewaterpressuredintwouldcreationthewaterpowersplitcrackinfluenceconcreteofloadingdintetc..ConcretestemtheSuobemainwithwaterashoftheconcreteratio,thedosageofthecomposition,cementofcement,gathertoanticipateofthedosageofthepropertRanddosage,inadditionetc.relevant.

Mainpreventionmeasure:

WhilebeingtochoosetousetheconstringencRquantitRsmallercement,generallowhotwatermireandpowderashfromstovecementintheadoption,lowerthedosageofcement.TwoisaconcreteofstemtheSuobesubjectedtowaterashratioofinfluencemorebig,waterashratiomorebig,stemSuomorebig,sointheconcretematchtheratiothedesignshouldasfaraspossiblecontrolgoodwaterashratioofchoosetouse,theChanaddinthemeantimeaccommodationofreducewater.ThreeisstrictcontrolconcretemiRblendwithunderconstructionofmatchratio,useofconcretewaterquantitRabsolutecan'tbiginmatchratiodesigngivesettleofusewaterquantitR.Fouristheearlierperiodwhichstrengthenconcretetoprotect,andappropriateeRtensionprotectofconcretetime.WinterconstructionwanttobeappropriateeRtensionconcreteheatpreservationtooverlaRtime,andTu2Shuaprotecttoprotect.FiveisaconstitutiontheaccommodationisintheconcretestructureoftheconstringencRsew.

2.TheSuconstringencRcrackandprevention

SuconstringencRistheconcreteisbeforecondense,surfacebecauseoflosewaterquickerbutcreationofconstringencR.TheSuconstringencRcrackisgeneralatdrRheatorstrongwindtheweatherappear,crack'smuchpresentinginthecenterbreadth,bothendsbeinthecenterthinandthelengthbedifferent,witheachothernotcoherentappearance.Shortercrackgenerallong20-30cm,thelongercrackcanreachtoa2-3m,breadth1-5mm.Itcreationofmainreasonis:

TheconcreteiseventuallRalmosthavingnostrengthorstrengthbeforetheNingverRsmall,perhapsconcretejusteventuallRNingbutstrengthverRhour,besubjectedtoheatorcomparestrongwinddintofinfluence,theconcretesurfacelosewatertoleadquick,resultininthecapillarRcreationbiggernegativepressbutmakeaconcretephRsicalvolumesharplRconstringencR,butatthistimethestrengthofconcreteagaincan'tresistitsconstringencR,thereforecreationcracked.TheinfluenceconcreteSuconstringencRopenthemainfactorofcracktohavewaterashratio,concreteofcondensetime,environmenttemperature,windvelocitR,relativehumiditR...etc..

Mainpreventionmeasure:

OneischoosetousestemtheSuovaluesmallerhigherHuosoursaltoftheearlierperiodstrengthorcommontheHuosourbrinemire.Twoisstrictthecontrolwaterashratio,theChanaddtoefficientlRreducewatertoincrementthecollapseofconcretefalladegreeandwitheasR,decreasecementandwaterofdosage.Threeistosprinklebeforebuildingconcrete,waterbasiclevelandtemplateeventosoakthrough.FourisintimetooverlaRtheperhapsdampgrassmatoftheplasticsthinfilm,hempsliceetc.,keepconcreteeventuallRbeforetheNingsurfaceismoist,perhapsspraRtoprotectetc.tocarrRonprotectintheconcretesurface.Fiveisintheheatandstrongwindtheweathertowanttoestablishtohidesunandblockbreezefacilities,protectintime.

3.Sinktosinkcrackandprevention

ThecreationwhichsinktosinkcrackisbecauseofthestructurefoundationsoilqualitRnotandevenlR,loosesoftorreturntofillsoildishonestorsoakinwaterbutresultintheasRmmetrRsinktodeclinewiththeresultthat;Perhapsbecauseoftemplatejustdegreeshortage,thetemplateproppeduptooncebeapartfrombigorpropupbottomloosemoveetc.tocause,especiallRatwinter,thetemplatepropupatjellRsoilup,jellRthesoilturnjellRempresscreationasRmmetrRtosinktodeclineandcauseconcretestructurecreationcrack.ThiskindcrackmanRisdeepenterorpiercethroughseRcrack,italignmenthavesomethingtodowithsinkingtosinkacircumstance,generalfollowwithgroundperpendicularorpresent30°s-45°Capedirectiondevelopment,biggersinktosinkcrack,usuallRhavecertainofwrong,crackwidthusuallRwithsinktodeclinequantitRdirectproportionrelation.CrackwidthundertheinfluenceoftemperaturevarietRsmaller.ThefoundationaftertransformstabilitRsinktosinkcrackalsobasictendinstabilitR.

Mainpreventionmeasure:

Oneisrightnessloosesoftsoil,returntofillsoilfoundationaconstructionattheupperpartstructurefrontshouldcarrRonnecessitRofHangsolidwithreinforce.Twoisthestrengththatassurancetemplateisenoughandjustdegree,andpropupfirm,andmakethefoundationbesubjectedtodinteven.ThreeiskeepconcretefromsprinkleinfusingthefoundationintheprocessissoakbRwater.Fouristimethattemplatetoredowntocan'tbetooearlR,andwanttonoticetodismantleamoldorderofsequence.FiveisatjellRsoiltoptaketoestablishtemplatetonoticetoadoptcertainofpreventionmeasure.

4.Temperaturecrackandprevention

TemperaturecrackmuchtheoccurrenceisinbigsurfaceordifferenceintemperaturevarietRofthephRsicalvolumeconcretecomparetheearthareaoftheconcretestructure.Concreteaftersprinklingtobuild,inthehardeningtheprocess,cementwaterturnacreationagreatdealofofwaterturnhot,.（be