山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题 1.docx

山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题 1.docx

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山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题1

山西省运城市夏县中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考

英语试题

第一部分：

阅谈理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

WhenyougotoSt.Petersburg,thenumberofattractionscanseemlarge.Ifyouareshortoftime,orjustwanttomakesuretohitthehighlights,thesearethetopmust-seesightsinSt,Petersburg.

●TheHermitageMuseum

TheHermitageMuseumisoneofthemostimportantsightstoseeforanyvisitortoSt.Petersburg.TherearelotsofdifferentpaintingsbytheoldmastersintheHermitage.Preparetocomeface-to-facewithclassicWesternartists.

●KizhiIsland

KizhiIslandisanopen-airmuseumofwoodenarchitecturefromtheKareliaRegionofRussia.Theseimpressivestructuresaremadeentirelywithoutnails-thewoodfitstogetherwithjointsandgrooves（沟槽）.

●Peterhof

Peterhofisasbeautifulasitisfun.You’llbechargedforadmission,butgotoPetethofwhenthefountainsareworking-duringthedayinthesummer.Theyareshutoffinwinterevenings,

●TheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

Loveitorhaleit,theChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBloodinSt.Petersburgisanenthrallingmust-seesight.Thebeautifullookmaymakeyoureyesbrighten,andthepaintinginsidethechurchwillmakeyousay“Wow!

”

●TheBronzeHorsemanStatue

Theso-calledBronzeHorsemanisapartofRussiancultureandasymbolofSt,Petersburg.MadefamousbyAlexanderPushkin,thisstatueofPetertheGreatsittingonhishorsecantrulyshowPetertheGreat’sinfluenceontheRussianideaofgreatness.

1.Ifyouareinterestedinpaintings,you'dbettergoto______

A.PeterhofaridKizhiIsland

B.theHernatageMuseumandPeterhof

C.KizhiIslandandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

D.thehermitageMuseumandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______

A.visitorscanvisitPeterhofforfree

B.thebuildingsofKizhiIslandaremadeofwood

C.thefountainsinPeterhofcanbeseenallyearround

D.thelargestcollectionofRussianartsisintheHermitageMuseum

3.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______

A.showthewonderfulhistoryofRussia

B.persuadeartiststostudySt.Petersburg

C.recommendthefamousbuildingsinRussia

D.introducethemust-seesightsinSt.Petersburg

【答案】1.D2.B3.D

【解析】这篇文章在圣彼得堡观光必去的四个景点特点。

1.细节题。

根据TheHermitageMuseum部分中“TherearelotsofdifferentpaintingsbytheoldmastersintheHermitage”在Hermitage有许多绘画大师的不同作品，以及TheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood部分中“thepaintinginsidethechurchwillmakeyousay“Wow!

””在教堂里的这幅画会让你说“哇!

”，可知这两个地方的绘画作品最有名。

故选D。

3.推理题。

文章第一段是文章主旨，其中“thesearethetopmust-seesightsinSt．Petersburg．”这些都是在圣彼得堡前必看的景点，可知文章介绍了这些必看景点特点。

故选D。

B

Ourplanetishometoaboutsevenbillionpeople.Sincethe1990s,populationexpertshavepredictedthenumberwouldgrowtoninebillionbeforeitbeginstoslowdownandpossiblydecrease.

Butanewreportpredictstheworld’spopulationislikelytoincreasetoalmost11billionby2100.Basedonthemostmodemstatisticaltools,thenewreportmakesuseofgovernmentrecordsandconsidersexpertpredictions,includingdeathrates,birthratesandinternationalmigration,orpeoplemovingacrossborders.Thereportsaysduringtherestofthiscentury,Africa’spopulationwillgrowfromabout3.5billionto5.1billionoverthenext85years.

JohnisdirectoroftheUnitedNationsPopulationDivision.Hesaysthatinthepast,researchersthoughtpopulationgrowthinAfricawouldbesimilartothatofotherareas.Theyexpectedslowergrowthratesasbirthcontrolusebecamemorewidespread.Buthesaysthoseideaswerewrong.

“Thelevelofcontraceptionusehascontinuedtoincreasebutslowly—moreslowlythanexpected,andbirthratethereforehasbeenfallinglessrapidlythanexpected,andthepopulationthereforecontinuestogrowsomewhatmorerapidlythanweexpected.

ThenewfindingsarebasedonajointresearchprojectoftheUnitedNationsandtheUniversityofWashington,

TheresearchersbelievethepopulationofAsiawillreachfivebillionby2050.Thatisupfromthecurrent4.4billion.Andthenbegindecline.TheresearchersalsobelievethatNorthAmerica,Europe,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanareawillhaveatotalpopulationofbelowonebillion.

Johnsaysthepressureoffeedingtherisingpopulationislikelytobelessthanthatmightbeexpected.

“Therelativelygoodnewsisthattheworldhasbeenwinningtheracebetweenpopulationgrowthandfoodproduction.Ifyoulookbackhistoricallyoverthelast50years,certainlyfortheworldasawholeandformany,mostindividualcountriesandregions,theincreaseinfoodproductionhasoutpacedtheincreaseofpopulation.”

4.Whichareawillexperiencethelargestincreaseinpopulationattheendofthecentury？

A.Asia.B.Africa.

C.Europe.D.NorthAmerica.

5.“Contraceptionuse”inthefourthparagraphrefersto________.

A.amethodofexpertpredictions

B.awayofavoidinggrowthinpopulation

C.ajointresearchintotherisingpopulation

D.apotentialtechnologyforfoodproduction

6.WhyisthepressureoffeedingtherisingpopulationlessthanexpectedaccordingtoJohn?

A.Expertpredictionsarenotexactlylikewhatthefactshappen.

B.Birthrateshavealwaysbeenfallinglessrapidlythanweexpected.

C.Thepopulationgrowslessrapidlythanpopulationexpertsexpected.

D.Theincreaseinfoodproductionhasoutpacedtheincreaseofpopulation,

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theworld’spopulationwillincreaseconstantly.

B.ThepopulationofAsiawillriseby5billionby2050.

C.Johnisoptimisticaboutfeedingtherisingpopulation,

D.PopulationgrowthinAfricawasmuchslowerthanexpected.

【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.C

【解析】

4.B细节理解题。

根据文中Thereportsaysduringtherestofthiscentury,Africa'spopulationwillgrowfromabout3.5billionto5.1billionoverthenext85years，可知选项B正确。

5.B细节理解题。

根据文中Thelevelofcontraceptionusehascontinuedtoincreasebutslowly，可知这是关于减少人口增加的方法，故选B。

6.D细节理解题。

根据文中mostindividualcountriesandregions,theincreaseinfoodproductionhasoutpacedtheincreaseofpopulation，可知选项D正确，粮食生产增长的速度超过了人口增长，故选D。

7.C推理判断题。

根据最后一段分析可知，约翰对于人口增长这个问题是保持比较积极乐观的态度的，故选C。

C

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberless?

Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?

ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationantheInternet.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夹）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactivememory（交互记忆）”

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn’tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.

8.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto________.

A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor’saltitude

C.describehowtousetheInterneD.explainhowtostoreinformation

9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A.Sparrow’steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheformation.

D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

10.Intransactivememory,people________.

A.keeptheinformationinmind

B.changethequantityofinformation

C.organizeinformationlikeacomputer

D.rememberhowtofindtheinformation

11.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?

A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.

B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.

D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A

【解析】试题分析：

文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。

互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？

专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。

8.A写作意图题。

根据第一段“ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.”可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。

9.C细节理解题。

根据第二段“Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.”可知答案。

10.D细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段“Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled"transactivememory（交互记忆）"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。

11.A细节理解题。

根据最后一段“butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。

【考点定位】心理类短文阅读

D

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?

UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theopposite