冲刺届高三英语总复习高考模拟专版汇编C单元+阅读理解C8+科普知识类.docx

冲刺届高三英语总复习高考模拟专版汇编C单元+阅读理解C8+科普知识类.docx

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冲刺届高三英语总复习高考模拟专版汇编C单元+阅读理解C8+科普知识类

C8科普知识类

【英语卷·2014届江苏省徐州市第一中学（徐州市）高三考前模拟（201405）】C8C

Grasshoppersarehavingtochangetheirsong—oneoftheiconicsoundsofsummer—tomakethemselvesheardabovethenoiseofroadtraffic,ecologistshavediscovered.Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-madenoiseaffectsnaturalinsectpopulations.Animalsusesoundtocommunicateformanyreasons,includingmarkingoutterritory,warningofpredatorsandfindingmates,andalthoughpreviousresearchshowsbirds,whalesandevenfrogschangetheircallsinnoisyenvironments,theimpactofhuman-madenoiseoninsectshasbeenneglecteduntilnow.UlrikeLampeandcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofBielefeldinGermanycaught188malebow-wingedgrasshoppers,halffromquietlocationsandhalffrombesidebusyroads.Thegrasshoppersusetheirsongtoattractmates.

 Theteamthenstudiedthedifferencesinthetwogroups'songsinthelaboratory.Toencouragethemtosingtheyexposedthemalestoafemalegrasshopper,andthenrecordedtheircourtshipsongs.Analysisofalmost1,000recordingsrevealedgrasshopperslivingbesidenoisyroadsproduceddifferentsongstothoselivinginquieterlocations.

 AccordingtoLampe:

"Bow-wingedgrasshoppersproducesongsthatincludelowandhighfrequencycomponents.Wefoundthatgrasshoppersfromnoisyhabitatsincreasethe

volumeofthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong,whichmakessensesinceroadnoisecanmasksignalsinthispartofthefrequencyspectrum（频谱）."

 Theteam'sfindingsareimportantbecausetrafficnoisecouldbeupsettingthegrasshopper'smatingsystem（交配系统）."Increasednoiselevelscouldaffectgrasshoppercourtshipinseveralways.Itcouldpreven

tfemalesfromhearingmalecourtshipsongsproperly,preventfemalesfromrecognisingmalesoftheir

ownspecies,orimpairfemales'abilitytoestimatehowattractiveamaleisfromhissong,"Lampeexplains.

 Havingdiscoveredthathuman-madenoiseaffectsinsectcommunication,theresearchersnowwanttolearnmoreabouthowthemechanismworks,andwhetherthegrasshoppersadapttonoiseduringtheirdevelopmentaslarvae（幼虫）,orwhethermalesfromnoisyhabitatsproducedifferentsongsduetogeneticdifferences.

 Thebow-wingedgrasshopperisacommonspeciesinCentralEurope.AdultsoccurmainlybetweenJulyandSeptember,preferringdrygrasslands.Around1.5cmlong,theyvaryincolourfromgreenandbrownstoredandpurple.Themale'ssongconsistsof2second-longphrasesthatincreaseinamplitude（振幅）towardstheend.Thebeginningofaphraseischaracterisedbyslowertickingsoundsthatincreaseinspeedandamplitude,leadingtoabuzzingsoundtowardstheendofthephrase.Acourtshipsongusuallyincludes2phrases.

63.Theauthorwrotethearticleto_________________.

A.introducehowgrasshoppersmakenoisestoattractmates.

B.raisetheawarenessofprotectingbow-wingedgrasshoppers.

C.informusofarecentdiscoveryofecologicalresearch.

D.warnusthathuman-madenoisehaschangedecologicalsystem.

64.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethemainideaofthepassage?

A.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersusetheirsongstocommunicate.

B.Grasshopperschangetheirsongstoadapttothenoisyenvironment.

C.Grasshoppers’songsincludebothlowandhighfrequencycomponents.

D.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersareacommonspeciesinCentralEurope.

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”inthefourthparagraphmean?

A.repairB.developC.weakenD.improve

66.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingthepassage?

A.Roadnoisecancoverthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong.

B.Animalsmakesoundsonlyforthepurposeoffindingmates.

C.Grasshopperlarvaelearntoadapttohuman-madenoise.

D.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersgrowupintoadultsinspring.

【答案】

63.C解析：

写作意图根据第Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-madenoise

affectsnaturalinsectpopulations.可知目的是向我们介绍一个研究成果，故选C项。

64.B解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段提到Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-m

adenoiseaffectsnaturalinsectpopulations.可知选B项。

65.C解析：

细节理解题。

根据第四段提到Itcouldpreventfemalesfromhearingmalecourtshipsongsproperly,preventfemalesfromrecognisingmalesoftheirownspecies,orimpairfemales'abilitytoestimatehowattractiveamaleisfromhissong如果阻止雄性听到雌性的歌曲，或减弱他们的能力来评估一下雌性对雄性的吸引力，故选C项。

66.A解析：

细节推断题。

根据第三段提到Wefoundthatgrasshoppersfromnoisyhabitatsincreasethevolumeofthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong,whichmakessensesinceroadnoisecanmasksignalsinthispartofthefrequencyspectrum（频谱）."可知选A项。

【解析英语卷·2014届湖南省长沙市高考模拟试卷（二模）试题（201404）】C8A

Humansaren’ttheonlyonesgettingabuzzfromcoffee.Caffeinecanimprovememoryamonghoneybeesandleadtobetterpollination（授粉）.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalScience.

ThestudywasconductedbyateamofresearchersatNewcastleUniversityintheUnitedKingdom.Theyfoundthatthenectar（花蜜）ofsomeflowers,suchasthosefromgrapefruitandlemonplants,aswellascertaincoffeeflowers,containslowdosesofcaffeine.Togetbeestofeedontheseflowers,theteamtrainedtheinsectstoassociatefoodwiththesmelloftheflowers.Theyalsotrainedanothergroupofbeestofeedonnectarfromflowersthatweresweetenedwithasugar,butdidnotcontaincaffeine.After24hours,thebeestrainedoncaffeinatedflowersreturnedtotheseplantsthreetimesasoftenasthosetrainedonthesweetenedflowersreturnedtotheuncaffeinatedplants.

ProfessorGeraldineWrightledtheresearchers.“Rememberingfloraltraits（花部特征）isdifficultforbeestoperformatafastpaceastheyflyfromflowertoflowerandwefoundthatcaffeinehelpsthebeerememberwheretheflowersare,”Wrightsaidinastatement.

Improvedmemoryledtothebetterpollination.That’sbecauseoncebeessipthecaffeinenectar,theycontinuetolookformorecoffeeplantstopollinate.Thisalsosuggeststhatcaffeineplaysaroleinimprovingthebees’abilitytosearchforfood.

Researchersfoundthatcaffeine’seffectonthebeebrainissimilartoitseffectonmammals.“Thechangeissimilartothatproducedbycaffeineinneurons（神经元）”associatedwithlearningandmemoryintheratbrain,”Wrightsaid.

Beepopulationshavedecliningsince2007.Thedramaticdropintheinsects’numbershasseriouseffectsforecosystemsandthefarmingindustry.Beesareneededinthereproductionofcropsandspreadingwildflowerspecies.Understandingwhatkeepsbeesbuzzingcouldhelptomakesurethattheinsectsareabletorememberandpollinatetheirfavoriteflowers.

56.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

A.Caffeinehasnoeffectontheratbrain.

B.Beepopulationhasbeenincreasing.

C.Thenectaroflemonplantscontainscaffeine.

D.Beesdislikenectarfromsweetenedflowers.

解析：

细节题。

根据第二段第二句话：

Theyfoundthatthenectar（花蜜）ofsomeflowers,suchasthosefromgrapefruitandlemonplants,aswellascertaincoffeeflowers,containslowdosesofcaffeine.可以判断答案选C。

技巧点拨：

细节题一定要根据选项和题干定位出文章中的具体根据，然后进行认真比对。

正确选项就是对原文的同义改写或替换。

57.Afterreadingthepassage,John,whoworksinthefarmingindustry,willprobablyfeel________.

A.annoyedB.angryC.nervousD.excited

解析：

态度推断题，根据文章最后一段可知，蜜蜂对生态和农业生产有比较大的影响，所以当John读完这篇文章后当然是excited了，生活有希望了。

选D。

技巧点拨：

作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。

这类题目一般分为两类：

一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。

议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。

如果是论文，应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字（文章最后，所提事物描述的后面）。

58.Whichofthefollowingrelationshipiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

A.improvedmemory—caffeinenectar—betterpollination

B.caffeinenectar—improvedmemory—betterpollination

C.improvedmemory—betterpollination—caffeinenectar

D.caffeinenectar—betterpoll

ination—improvedmemory

解析：

细节排序题，查看先后顺序，根据第三段（caffeinehelpsthebeerememberwheretheflowersare,）、和第四段第一句话（Improvedmemoryledtothebetterpollination.），可知答案选B。

技巧点拨：

细节题一定要根据选项和题干定位出文章中的具体根据，然后进行认真比对。

从而确定顺序。

59.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.

A.theratisamammal

B.caffeinehasnothingtodowithmemory

C.beesaregoodatrememberingfloraltraits

D.GeraldineWrightdidtheresearchonhisown

解析：

细节推断题，根据文章第五段第一话中caffeine’seffectonthebeebrainissimilartoitseffectonmammals.后面又列举了rat的例子，那么就非常自然的选A了，老鼠是哺乳动物。

技巧点拨：

细节推断题必须找到具体的根据，然后再此基础上进行推断，防止无端推断或推断过头。

60.Whatsectionofanewspapermaythispassagebetakenfrom?

A.ScienceB.EducationC.CultureD.Sports

解析：

推断题，根据文章内容Caffeinecanimprovememoryamonghoneybeesandleadtobetterpollination（授粉）.可以判断选A。

技巧点拨：

主要根据文章内容，题材，进行推断。

【英语卷·2014届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】C8C（2014·合肥第二次质检）

Eyeglassescorrectmanydifferenttypesofsightproblems,includingnearsightedness,

farsightednessorastigmatism（散光）.Tryingtounderstandthosedifferentnumbersonaneyeglassprescription（验光单）requiresunderstandingthemeasurementsoptometrists（验光师）usewhenfittingyouforcorrectivelenses（镜片）.

Diopters（屈光度）

Thenumbersonyourprescriptionaregivenindiopters,whoseshortformis"D".Itisusedtomeasurethefocusingpower,oramountofcorrection.

O.S.andO.D.

OptometristsusetheLatinshortformO.S.andO.D.todistinguishbetweenyoureyes.O.S.referstoyourlefteye,whileO.D.referstotherighteye.

Generally,yourprescriptionwillshowanumberforO.S.andO.D.（givenindiopters）.Thefartherthisnumberisonanumberlinefromzero,themorecorrectionyoureyeglassesshouldprovide.Aplussignmeanstheeyeisfarsighted,whileaminussignmeanstheeyeisnearsighted.

Spherical