高中英语Unit1 Women of achievement Grammar新人教必修4.docx
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高中英语Unit1WomenofachievementGrammar新人教必修4
高一英语同步练习:
必修4Unit1Womenofachievement
第3课时Grammar
基础练习
本课语法呈现
主谓一致Agreement
知识要点:
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
语法一致:
即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
一、当主语由and连结时,如果表示同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,此时and后面的名词无冠词。
如表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数,此时and后面的名词有冠词。
TheworkerandwriterisfromShanghai.
那个工人兼作家来自上海。
Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.
那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。
(两个人)
TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitorisaskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.
二、动词不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:
1.Goingoutforawalkaftersupperisagoodhabit.
晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。
2.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。
三、不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;
Eg:
Iseveryonehere?
Nothingistobedone.
没有什么要干的事儿了。
四、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:
1)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
2)Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.
意义一致:
即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式
一、由集体名词,如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员,则用复数形式.
1.Hisfamilyisverylarge.
他家是一个大家庭。
2.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.
他的家人都是音乐爱好者
3.Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.
全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。
二、代词作主语
HeisreadingEnglish
Neitherofthemisorarebig.
三、表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;
TwoyearshaspassedsinceIleftChina;
Onemilliondollarsisagreatsumofmoney.
四、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics,theUnitedStates,works等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;
1.Everymeanshasbeentriedsincethen.
2.Nonewsisgoodnews.
五、the+adj.作主语
the+adj.,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数,如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等
the+adj.,表示一类抽象的事物,谓语动词用单数,如thebeautiful,thegood等
1.Theold__are__takengoodcareofinoursociety.
2.Thebeautiful__is__notalwaysthesameasthegood.
就近原则:
即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语
如:
Or;Notbut;Eitheror;Neithernor;Notonlybutalso
1.Oneortwodaysareenoughtoseethecity.
2.Theclasshaswonthehonour.
这班获得了荣誉。
3.Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.
全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。
就远原则:
“主语+附属结构”作主语,谓语与主语一致
当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
1.Theteacherwithtwostudentswasatthemeeting.
2.Allbutonewereherejustnow.
实战演练
单项选择
1.Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity.
A.isB.are
C.amD.be
2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
5.NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday.
A.wasB.were
C.hasbeenD.havebeen
6.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon.
A.iscomingB.arecoming
C.hascomeD.havecome
7.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。
A.knowB.knows
C.isknownD.areknown
8.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready.
A.hasreadB.haveread
C.arereadingD.isreading
9.Allbutone____intheaccident.
A.waskilledB.werekilled
C.willbekilledD.arekilled
10.“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?
”
------“Isupposeso.”
A.WillbeB.Is
C.AreD.Were
11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.
A.isofferedB.hasoffered
C.areofferedD.haveoffered
12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_______yet.
A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecided
C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;wasB.was;was
C.was;wereD.were;were
14.E-mail,aswellastelephones,___animportantpartindailycommunication.
A.isplayingB.haveplayed
C.areplayingD.play
15.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;are
C.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are
16.Neitherofyoursuggestions______sense.
A.makesB.make
C.ismadeD.aremade
17.Theaudience______theirseatsinthemusichall.
A.aretakingB.istaking
C.aretakenD.wastaken
18.Davidisoneoftheboyswho_____adrivinglicense.
A.hasB.have
C.ishavingD.arehaving
19.Thepolice____askedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith______.
A.have;themB.has;him
C.have;himD.has;them
20.Fivemultipliedbytwo____ten.
A.isequalB.equals
C.equalwithD.equalto
反馈检测
完成句子
1.直到音乐会开始了,他的女朋友才来。
2.她搬回家住,好照顾生病的双亲。
3.向初学者解释这个问题很难。
4.为什么不出去和我一起看电影?
5.昨天我们在举行运动会的时候,我碰巧遇上了初中的一位同学。
完型填空
Dickwasacleverboy,buthisparentswerepoor,_1_hehadtoworkinhissparetime,andduringhisholidaytoo,_2_hiseducation._3_this,he_4_togettotheuniversity.Butitwas_5_expensivetostudytherethatduringtheholidayshehadtogettwojobsatthesametime_6_earnenoughmoney_7_hisstudies.
Onesummerhemanagedtogetajobinabutcher’sshopduringtheday-time,and_8_inahospital_9_.Intheshop,helearnttocutmeatupquitenicely.Sothebutcheroften_10_himdoalltheserving.Inthehospital,ontheother_11_,hewas,ofcourse,_12_only_13_jobs,likehelpingtoliftpeopleandtocarrythemfromonepartofthehospitaltoanother.Bothatthebutcher’sshopandatthehospital,Dickhadto_14_whiteclothes,andhecouldn’twearanyothercolored__15__.
Oneeveningatthehospital,Dickhadtohelpto_16_awomanfromherbedtotheoperationroom.Thewoman_17_tobeoneofhis__18_.Shewasalreadyfeelingfrightenedatthethoughtoftheoperation_19_hecametogether.ButwhenshesawDick,hefrightenedher.
“No!
”,“No!
”shecried.“Not,thebutcher!
Iwon’tbeoperated__20_bythebutcher!
”Andshefaintedaway.
1.A.andB.orC.yetD.so
2.A.topayforB.topayoffC.payingforD.payingoff
3.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.AlthoughD.for
4.A.wantedB.triedC.managedD.wished
5.A.veryB.tooC.suchD.so
6.A.sothatB.inorderthatC.soasD.soasto
7.A.forB.onC.withD.about
8.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.one
9.A.atnightB.inthemorningC.intheafternoonD.inhissparetime
10.A.allowedB.letC.promisedD.permitted
11.A.sideB.backC.handD.end
12.A.letdoingB.promisedtodoC.allowedtodoD.madetodo
13.A.simpleB.simplerC.lesssimplerD.thesimplest
14.A.wearB.putonC.pullonD.haveon
15.A.clothingB.clothesC.suitD.jacket
16.A.carryB.bringC.takeD.send
17.A.seemedB.provedC.happenedD.wasfound
18.A.friendsB.classmatesC.relativesD.customers
19.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.before
20.A.atB.onC.withD.about
第3课时
实战演练
一、1-5BCBBA6-10ABABB11-15AACAC16-20.AABAB
反馈检测
一、1.Notuntiltheconcerthadbegundidhisgirlfriendcome.2.Shemovedbackhometocareforhersickparents.3.Itwasdifficulttoexplaintheproblemtobeginners.4.Whynotgooutandseeafilmwithme?
5.ImetoneofmyJuniorschoolmatesbychanceyesterdaywhenwewerehavingasportsmeeting
二、答案:
1-5DABCD6-10DACAB11-15CCDAB16-20ACDDB