外研高中必修五课文与翻译.docx

外研高中必修五课文与翻译.docx

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外研高中必修五课文与翻译

外研高中必修五

Module1

TheBritishandAmericanEnglish

WordsWordsWords

BritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinmanyways.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlanticorwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning.Someofthesewordsarewellknown---Americansdriveautomobilesdownfreewaysandfillupwithgas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorwaysandfillupwithpetrol.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheundergroundinLondonorthesubwayinNewYork,ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi（British）orcab（American）.

ChipsorFrenchFries?

Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueueup,Americansstandinline.sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.

Haveorhavegot?

Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...?

AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:

compareontheteam,ontheweekend（American）withintheteam,attheweekend（British）.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem（I'llseeyouMondayWritemesoon）

Colourorcolour?

Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:

center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?

Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.

TurnontheTV

Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAltantichavedevelopedsteadily.Sincethe1980s,withsatelliteTVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishattheflickofaswitch.Thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglishsothatsomepeoplebelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.

However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents---American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest-knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborninHongKong,China,andgrewupspeakingChineseandPunjabi,aswellasEnglish.

Thisinternationaldimensionsuggeststhatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany"Englishes"notjusttwomainvarieties.Butthemessageis"Don'tworry."UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother--wherevertheyare.

必修五Module2

TheHumanTrafficSignal

  At3500meters,LaPaz,inBolivia,isthehighestcapitalintheworld.Lifeishardathighaltitude,andthemountainsmakecommunicationsdifficult.Manyroadsareinbadconditionandaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroadinparticular,whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.Ononesidethemountainsrisesteeply:

ontheothersidethereisasheerdrop,whichinplacesishundredsofmetresdeep.Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehiclecomesofftheroadeverytwoweeks.Thedropissogreatthatanyoneinsidethevehicleisluckytosurvive.Intheory,theroadcanonlybeusedbytrafficgoinguphillfrom8inthemorning,andbytrafficcomingdownhillfrom3intheafternoon.Butinpractice,fewdriversrespecttherules.

    Butthankstooneman,thedeathtollhasfallen.TimoteoApazaisagentle46-year-oldmanwholivesinavillagenearthemostdangerouspartoftheroad,knownlocallyaslacurvadeldiablo（theDevil'sBend）.Timoteohasanunusualjob-heisahumantrafficsignal.Everymorningheclimbsuptothebendwithalargecircularboardinhishand.Theboardisredononesideandgreenontheother.Timoteostandson thebendanddirectsthetraffic.Whentwovehiclesapproachfromoppositedirectionstheycan'tseeeachother,buttheycanseeTimoteo.Timoteoisavolunteer.Nooneaskedhimto dothejob,andnoonepayshimforit.Sometimesdriversgivehimatip,sothathehasjustenoughmoneytoliveon.Butoftentheyjustpassby,takinghehumantrafficsignalforgranted.

       Sowhydoeshedoit?

Beforehevolunteertodirectthetraffic,Timoteohadhadlotsofjobs.Hehadbeenamineranda soldier.Thenonedaywhilehewasworkingasalorrydriverhe hadacloseencounterwithdeath.Hewasdrivinga lorryloadofbannanaswhenhecameofftheroadata bendandfellthreehundredmetresdownthemountain.Somehowhesurvived.Hewasinhospitalformonths.Then,afewyearslater,hewascalledoutinthenighttohelppullpeopleoutofabuswhichhadcrashedatlacurvadeldiablo.ThislastexperiencehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.Herealisedthathewasluckytobealivehimself,andfeltthatitwashismissioninlifetohelpothers.Andsoeverymorning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.

必修五Module3

thesteamboat

Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.Westayedinsidetheshelterwehadbuiltandlettheraftsaildowntheriver.

Suddenly,bythelightofthelightning,wesawsomethinginthemiddleoftheriver.Itlookedlikeahouseatfirst,butthenwerealizeditwasasteamboat.Ithadhitarockandwashalfinandhalfoutofthewater.Weweresailingstraighttowardsit.

"Itlooksasifit'llgoundersoon,"Jimsaid,afteracoupleofminutes.

"Let'sgoandtakealook,"Isaid.

"Idon'twanttoboardasinkingship,"saidJim,butwhenIsuggestedthatwemightfindsomethingusefulontheboat,heagreedtogo.Sowepaddledoverandclimbedontothesteamboat,keepingasquietasmice.Toourastonishment,therewasalightinoneofthecabins.Thenweheardsomeoneshout,"Ohpleaseboys,don'tkillme!

Iwon'ttellanybody!

"

Aman'sangryvoiceanswered,"You'relying.Yousaidthatlasttime.We'regoingtokillyou."

Whenheheardthesewords,Jimpanickedandrantotheraft.ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadround

thedoor.itwasquitedark,butIcouldseeamanlyingonthefloor,tiedupwithrope.Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.Onewasshort,withabeard.Theotherwastallandhadsomethinginhishandthatlookedlikeagun.

'I'vehadenoughofyou.I'mgoingtoshootyounow,"thismansaid.Hewasobviouslytheonewhohadthreatenedthemanonthefloor.Anditwasagunhehadinhishand.

"No,don'tdothat,"saidtheshortman."Let'sleavehimhere.Thesteamboatwillsinkinacoupleofhoursandhe'llgodownwithit."

Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying."He

soundsasifhe'sgoingtodieoffright!

"

Ithought."Ihavetofindawaytosavehim!

"

Icrawledalongthedeck,foundJim,andtoldhimwhatIhadheard."We

mustfindtheirboatandtakeitaway,thenthey'llhavetostayhere,"Isaid.Jimlookedterrified."I'mnotstayinghere,"hesaid.ButIpersuadedhim

tohelpme,andwefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheard

thetwomenshouting.Bythenwewereasafedistanceaway.Butnow

Ibegantofeelbadaboutwhatwehaddone.Ididn'twantallthreemen

todie.

必修五Module4

TheMagicoftheMask 

Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.Thesoundsandsightschangefromonecountrytoanotherbuttheexcitementisthesameeverywhere.

“Carnival”comesfromtwoLatinwords,meaning“nomoremeat”.InEurope,whereitbegan,carnivalwasfollowedbyfortydayswithoutmeat,aspeoplepreparedfortheChristianfestivalofEaster.PeoplesawCarnivalasalastchancetohavefunattheendofthewinterseason.Havingfunmeanteating,drinking,anddressingup.

 ThemostfamouscarnivalinEuropewasinVenice.Atthebeginning,itlastedforjustoneday.Peopleate,drank,andworemasks.Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.Forweeksonendpeoplewalkedroundthestreetswearingmasks,doingwhattheywantedwithoutbeingrecognised.Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.Manycrimeswentunpunished.

Thegovernmentrealisedthatwearingmaskshadbecomeaproblem.Theirusewaslimitedbylaws,thefirstofwhichdatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.Menwerenotallowedtowearmasksatnight;andtheywerenotallowedtodressupaswomen.Inlatertimesmorelawswerepassed.Peoplewhoworemaskscouldnotcarryfirearms;andnoonecouldenterachurchwearingamask.Iftheybrokethelaws,theywereputintoprisonforuptotwoyears.Finally,whenVenicebecamepartoftheAustr