外研高中必修五课文与翻译.docx

1、外研高中必修五课文与翻译外研高中必修五 Module 1The British and American EnglishWords Words WordsBritish and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic or which are used with

2、 a different meaning. Some of these words are well known-Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas;the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to

3、get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American).Chips or French Fries?But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch. The British queue up, Americans stand in line .sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, w

4、hich can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.Have or have got?There are a few diff

5、erences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got.?An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend(American)with in the team, at the weekend(British).The British use

6、prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them(Ill see you Monday Write me soon)Colour or colour?The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors ha

7、ve influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two na

8、tions divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than u

9、nderstanding a New Yorker.Turn on the TVSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together .For more than a century communications across the Altantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s,with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and Americ

10、an English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English so that some people believe that British Englis

11、h will disappear.However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents-American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best -known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chi

12、nese and Punjabi, as well as English.This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many Englishes not just two main varieties. But the message is Dont worry. Users of English will all be able to understand each other -wherever they are.必修五 Module 2The Human Traffic

13、Signal At 3500meters,La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world. Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dange

14、rous road in the world. On one side the mountains rise steeply: on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle

15、 is lucky to survive. In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning ,and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules. But thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old ma

16、n who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as la curva del diablo(the Devils Bend).Timoteo has an unusual job-he is a human traffic signal. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand. The board is red on one side and green on

17、the other. Timoteo stands onthe bend and directs the traffic. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they cant see each other, but they can see Timoteo. Timoteo is a volunteer. No one asked him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has j

18、ust enough money to live on. But often they just pass by, taking he human traffic signal for granted. So why does he do it? Before he volunteer to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. He had been a miner and a soldier.Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close en

19、counter with death. He was driving a lorry load of bannanas when he came off the road at abend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain. Somehow he survived. He was in hospital for months. Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crash

20、ed at la curva del diablo. This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. He realised that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs

21、 the traffic.必修五 Module 3 the steamboat There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of the river. It looked like a house at first,

22、 but then we realized it was a steamboat. It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water. We were sailing straight towards it. It looks as if itll go under soon, Jim said, after a couple of minutes.Lets go and take a look, I said.I dont want to board a sinking ship, said Jim, but when I

23、 suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go. So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice. To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins. Then we heard someone shout, Oh please boys, dont kill me! I wont tell anybody!A man

24、s angry voice answered, Youre lying. You said that last time. Were going to kill you.When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head roundthe door. it was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied

25、 up with rope. There were two men standing over him. One was short, with a beard. The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun.Ive had enough of you. Im going to shoot you now, this man said. He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor. And it was a gu

26、n he had in his hand.No, dont do that, said the short man. Lets leave him here. The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and hell go down with it.When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying. Hesounds as if hes going to die of fright!I thought. I have to find a way to save

27、him!I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard. Wemust find their boat and take it away, then theyll have to stay here, I said. Jim looked terrified. Im not staying here, he said. But I persuaded himto help me, and we found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboa

28、t. We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heardthe two men shouting. By then we were a safe distance away. But nowI began to feel bad about what we had done. I didnt want all three mento die.必修五 Module 4The Magic of the MaskThink of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion

29、. The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.“Carnival” comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”. In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. Pe

30、ople saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up. The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. At the beginning , it lasted for just one day. People ate, drank, and wore masks. As time passed, however, the carniva

31、l period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many cr

32、imes went unpunished.The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. Men were not allowed to wear masks at night; and they were not allowed to dress up as women. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, when Venice became part of the Austr