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职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章00001
2011年职称英语综合类类阅读理解新增文章篇目
第八篇TheStateofMarriageToday
*第三十八篇ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople
+第四十七篇SpoiltforChoice
注:
1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;
2、完形填空请参见第13页;
3、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。
第八篇
TheStateofMarriageToday
Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?
Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:
almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues.itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatinl00years.theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes.andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.
Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?
Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:
marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell—payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.
Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis.manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact.morethan50%Offirstmarriagessurvive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages.
Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?
Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:
theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!
词汇:
Divorcen.离婚
Evidencen.证据,迹象
Futuristn.未来主义者
Explodev.激增,迅速扩大
Predictv.预言,预料,预报
Extramaritaladj.婚外的
Gloomyadj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的
Institutionn.制度,习俗
Outlookn.展望,前景
Pessimisticadj.悲观的
Cohabitv.同居
Effectivelyad.实际上
Statisticsn.统计,统计资料
Deceptiveadj.迷惑的,骗人的
Outdatedadj.旧式的,过时的
Indicatev.表明,暗示
Consequencen.结果,后果
Contentedadj.满足的,满意的
Counterpartn.对应的人(或物)
注释:
NationalFamilyAssociation:
美国国家家庭联合会
练习:
1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?
A)Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.
B)Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced:
C)Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.
D)Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.
2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?
A)Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.
B)Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.
C)Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.
D)Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.
3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?
A)Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.
B)Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.
C)Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.
D)Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue。
4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?
A)Theyaremuchhealthier.
B)Theyfeelnolongersingle.
C)Theyaremoresatisfied.
D)Theysufferalotless.
5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
A)Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.
B)Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.
C)Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.
D)Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.
答案与题解:
1.D从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的,而不是如今的情况。
B选项与第一段第二句“almost50%ofthemarriagesendindivorce”不符。
第一段第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded”、“theevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。
2.C第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚,妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫,因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻。
3.A从第三段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了,因此B选项不对。
而C选项与第三段里“Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive”所说不符,该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻。
同样,D选项在文中也没有说到,文中第三段的最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性,而没有说数据失实。
4.C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚,结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。
A,D选项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们的感觉,因此不对。
文中并没有提到选项B所说的情况。
5.BA选项在第一段最后一句里提到了,C选项和D选项分别在第二段、第四段里提到了,而B选项却没有哪一段具体提到。
*第三十八篇
ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople
Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationM1arespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.
Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2
orOnanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.
Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.
Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople'sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.
Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.
Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays。
infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.
词汇:
excessiveadj.过多的,额外
interactvi.交流,沟通,互动
multitaskvi.同时进行多个任务
wizardryn.魔力,法术
supposedlyadv.据认为,据推测
hailvt.赞扬
performancen.表现,行为
claimvt.声称,主张
perceptionn.认识,看法,见解
considerableadj.相当大的,相当多的
impactn.影响,作用
gadgetn.小巧的机械装置
frittervt.消费,浪费
overwhelmingadj.压倒性的
jugglevt.耍弄,玩耍
majorityn.大多数
electronicdevicen.电子装置,电子仪器
academicadj.学术的,学校的
declinen.下降,衰退
surfvi.(网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览
concentrationn.专心,专注
indicatevt.表明,指出
remedialadj.补习的,补救的
affectvt.影响
deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的
isolatedadj.鼓励的,与世隔绝的
dueadj.应有的,适当的
注释:
1.GenerationM:
M代表multimedia。
GenerationM即“多媒体时代”,是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人。
他们多出生于1980年之后,热衷于计算机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。
这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视、印刷品、音响制品结合起来,使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。
“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以multitask,即多项任务同时进行,如他们可以_边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己的家庭作业。
2.iPod:
美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器,除了可以播放MP3音乐外,iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用,可以显示联系人、日历和任务,以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客(Podcasts)。
3.bewrappedupin...注意力完全集中于……
4.bearinmind记住
5.inrespectof关于,就……而言
练习:
1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?
A)Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.
B)Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.
C)Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.
D)TheyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillsSOastocompletealltheirtasks.
2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM'spresente-devices?
A)Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople.
B)Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom.
C)Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.
D)Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies.
3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?
A)Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.
B)Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.
C)Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.
D)Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.
4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?
A)Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.
B)Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.
C)Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.
D)Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.
5.Indealingwithtoday'syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?
A)Besupportiveandunderstanding.
B)Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.
C)Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.
D)Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.
答案与题解:
1.B从第一段第一句话中的"aconsiderableamountoftheirtime""fruitlessefforts''以及该段最后一句话中的"fritteringawayasmuchas…"可以进行同义替换,waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词。
2.C从第二段的最后一句话中的"addedtothelistratherthanreplacing"可以判断出,这些年轻人的电子设备是越来越多,而不是A被取而代之、8被轮流使用、D被出售或交换以便买更新的产品。
3.B答案A是文字游戏,原文中"isolatedworlds"应该理解为孤立的世界,即独自“alone”,而不是孤独“