江苏高考英语阅读理解细节理解题讲解及训练 word版含答案.docx

江苏高考英语阅读理解细节理解题讲解及训练 word版含答案.docx

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江苏高考英语阅读理解细节理解题讲解及训练word版含答案

阅读理解解题指导

阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。

下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解----【细节理解题】

细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。

它的设题方式主要有以下两种：

1.以what,who,which,when,where,why,how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因（目的）、方式等来设问考查。

解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。

如:

真题摘选【1】（2013江苏卷D篇）

Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.

65.HowdoTwain’snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe’s?

A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.

B.Twain’sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.

C.Twain’sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.

D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.

解析：

根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克•吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克•吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。

【实战演练】阅读理解

Partofaresearchstudy，byscientistsatMcMasteruniversity，whichisongoingintotheinfluenceofdrinkingmilkafterheavyweightlifting，hasobservedthatmilkhelpsexercisersburnmorefat.

Thescientiststookthreegroupsofyoungmen18to30yearsofage,56intotal，andputthemthroughastrict，fivedayperweekweightliftingprogramovera12weektheirworkouts，studyparticipantsdrankeithertwocupsofskimmilk（脱脂奶），orasoybeveragewithequivalentamountsofproteinandenergy，oracarbohydratebeverage（碳酸饮料）withanequivalentamountofenergy.

Uponthestudy’sconclusion，scientistsobservedthat：

themilkdrinkinggrouphadlostnearlytwiceasmuchfat—twopounds—asthoseinthecarbohydratebeveragegroup，wholostonepoundofdrinkingsoylostnothesametime，thegaininmusclewasmuchgreateramongthemilkdrinkersthaneitherthesoyorcarbohydratebeverageparticipants.

Aspublishedinthefirststageofthestudy，themilkdrinkinggroupcameoutontopintermsofmusclegainwithanestimated40percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthesoybeverageaddition，thisgroupgained63percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthecarbohydratebeveragedrinkers.

“Ithinktheevidenceisbeginningtoincrease，”saysStuartPhillips—theleaderofthestudy.“Milkmaybebestknownforitscalcium（钙）contentinsupportingbonehealth，butourresearch，andlaterothers’，cancontinuallysupportmilk’sabilitytoaidinmusclegrowthandalsopromotebodyfatistheidealpostworkoutdrinkforrecreationalexercisersandathletesalike.”

1．Accordingtothestudy，whichisthebestdrinkforexerciserstoloseweight?

A．Fruitjuice.B．Soybeverage.

C．Skimmilk.D．Carbohydratebeverage.

解析：

　细节理解题。

根据第三段可知。

答案：

　C

2．FromthepassagewecanlearnthatmilkhasagoodeffectonallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A．musclegainB．braindevelopment

C．bonehealthD．fatloss

解析：

　细节理解题。

根据前三段可知，牛奶可以gainmuscle和losefat，故A、D正确；根据最后一段中的“Milkmaybebestknownforitscaliciumcontentinsupportingbonehealth”可知C也正确，所以答案为B。

答案：

　B

3．Accordingtothepassage，wecanknowthat________.

A．thescientistschosepeopleaged18,30and56asparticipantsoftheresearch

B．theweightliftingprogramwhichstudyparticipantsattendedwas84daysintotal

C．peoplewhodrinkmilkeverydayarealwayshealthierandthinnerthanothers

D．soybeveragesarebetterthancarbohydratebeveragesforexerciserstogainmuscle

解析：

　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Thescientistsbookthreegroupsofyoungmen18to30yearsofage,56intotal，”可知A错误；根据第二段中的“putthemthroughastrict，fivedayperweekweightliftingprogramovera12weekperiod.”可知B错误；文章提到喝牛奶可以gainmuscle和losefat，但是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故C也错误。

答案：

　D

4．WhatdoesPhilipswanttotellus?

A．Moreevidenceisneededtostrengthentheirresearch.

B．Milkhasmorecalciumthansoyorcarbohydratebeverages.

C．Thecalciuminmilkcanalsohelpgainmuscleandlosefat.

D．Athletesshouldbeforbiddentodrinkotherbeveragesexceptmilk.

解析：

　细节理解题。

由“...butourresearch，andlaterothers’，cancontinuallysupportmilk’sabilitytoaidinmusclegrowthandalsopromotebodyfatloss.”可知答案。

答案：

　A

5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Whatexercisersshoulddotoloseweight.

B．Howmilkinfluencespeople’shealthandfigure.

C．Thedifferencesbetweenmilkandsoyorcarbohydratebeverages.

D．Aresearchontheeffectofdrinkingmilk—gainmuscleandlosefat.

解析：

　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶可以gainmuscle和losefat，所以答案为D。

答案：

　D.

真题摘选【2】（2013课标卷IA篇）

Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.AndIamoneofthem.Takemyfamily’slastvacation.Itwasmysix-year-oldson’swinterbreakfromschool,andwewereheadinghomeformFortLauderdaleafteraweeklongtrip.Theflightwasoverbooked,andDelta,theairline,offeredus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday.IhadmeetingsinNewYork,soIhadtogetback.Butthatdidn’tmeanmyhusbandandmysoncouldn’tstay.Itookmynine-month-oldandtookoffforhome.

56.WhydidDeltagivetheauthor’sfamilycredits?

A.Theytookalaterflight.

B.Theyhadearlybookings.

C.Theirflighthadbeendelayed.

D.Theirflighthadbeencancelled.

解析：

本文为夹叙夹议文。

作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值，从而理性消费。

利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到Theflightwasoverbooked,andDelta,theairline,offeredus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday这些相关信息。

由该句可知，因为航班超员，航空公司（Delta）以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。

故选A项（他们乘坐了较晚的航班）。

【实战演练】

【2016届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测

（二）试题】阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。

C

Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot.

Xiaoice,Microsoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2014,andreturnedtoWeChatin2015,whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,TheNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoice.

“HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,”LiuJinchang,aresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis（表情符号）inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.

Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.

Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,TheNewYorkTimespointedout.However,itmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa“Samantha”,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,SamanthasparksaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraphtwomean?

A.Shebecameabestseller.

B.Shebecameverypowerful.

C.Shebecameamoneymaker.

D.Shebecameverypopular.

2.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?

A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.

C.Identifyvariousphotos.D.Readnewstoitsusers.

3.Whichcompany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?

A.Microsoft.B.IBM.C.Apple.D.Amazon.

4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.

B.It’lltakedecadestoapplychatbotstocars.

C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.

D.ThefilmHerdoesn’tinterestmanyaudience.

参考答案、DCBA

2.以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力。

如：

真题摘选【1】（2013课标卷IB篇）

Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?

Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?

Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects（acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon）,changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?

Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.

61.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein______.

A.thesizeofcards

B.thecolourofpictures

C.theshapeofpatterns

D.thenumberofobjects

解析：

本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。

根据第二段中Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects（acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon）,changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选D。

【习题选编】

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

体裁：

记叙文　话题：

公共服务　时间：

7分钟

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