基于WCDMA室内分布系统的设计.docx

基于WCDMA室内分布系统的设计.docx

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基于WCDMA室内分布系统的设计

摘要

本文介绍了WCDNA室内分布系统在蜂窝移动通信工程中的设计与应用，从室外到室内描述了WCDMA网络的现状，并且介绍了无线信号在传输过程中的衰落现象。

通过对建筑物内从低层到高层电磁环境的描述，分析了室内的“孤岛”、“乒乓”和盲区等现象。

通过对楼内场强进行现场DT测试，归纳出了信号在室内覆盖的薄弱环节，并由此对边缘场强进行了分析，确定了边缘天线的安装位置；在选择覆盖方案的过程中，介绍了各种信号源的使用环境，针对各个场所内的电磁环境、场所的结构、楼层高度等各自不同的特点，业主对覆盖提出的不同要求，确定信号源的类型；对天馈分布系统、光纤分布系统等几种分布方式进行了比较，确定了该覆盖场所所适用的方式：

通过一系列的方案组合，对几个不同的方案，根据楼域的结构以及业主的要求进行改进，归纳出了最终所采用的方案，由此确定了天线、元器件、干线放大器等的布放位置。

在室内覆盖完成以后，势必会改变大网原有的覆盖情况，将对大网产生一定的负面影响，本文对信号的泄漏问题进行了分析，通过对边缘场强的计算和楼内的结构，提出了避免泄露的方法：

分析了对所选用的宏基站呼损率所可能产生的影响并提出了解决的方法；从质差掉话、弱信号掉话、切换掉话三个方面提出了室内覆盖对基站掉话率产生的影响，并归纳出了产生以上三种掉话的原因以及在工程设计中应该注意的问题。

提出在室内和室外同一导频信号之间会产生切换，原则上规定，进入室内就要用室内的信号，本文针对这个问题，归纳出了切换的控制和实现平滑过渡的方法。

为今后的工作，打下了良好的基础。

关键词：

WCDMA；蜂窝移动通信；直放站；室内分布系统

ABSTRACT

Thisarticleintroducesthedesignandapplicationofindoordistributedsysteminhoneycombmobilecommunicationengineering.DescribedtheWCDMAnetworkpresentsituation,andintroducedthewirelesssignalintransmissionprocessfading.Throughthebuildingelectromagneticenvironmentdescription,thearticlehasanalyzedintheroom“theisolatedisland”,“thePing-Pong”phenomenaandsoonblindspot.ThroughthefieldintensitycarriedonthesceneDTtesttothebuilding,thearticleinducestheweaksignallinkwhichcoveredintheroom.Andthroughsimulationtesttotheroominthemethod,thearticleobtainsthewirelesstransmissionmodelinroomtocarryontheconfirmationtothismodel.Afterwards,carryingontheanalysistotheedgefieldintensity,anddeterminedtheedgeantennainstallmentposition.Inthechoicecoverplanprocess,introducedeachkindofsupplyoscillatoruseenvironmentanddeterminedthesupplyoscillatortype.Explainingthedistributedsystem,theopticalfiberdistributionsystemandsoonseveraldistributedways.Onthecomparison,ithaddeterminedcoverwayswhichtheplacewassuitable.Throughaseriesofimprovements,thearticlehasobtainedtheplanwhichisfinallyused,theantenna,theprimarydevice,theskeletonlineamplifierandsoon.Aftercompletingtheroomcovers,inroomdistributesystemwillinevitablychangethebignetoriginalcoversituations.Thisarticlehascarriedontheanalysistothesignaldivulgingquestion.Throughtointheedgefieldintensitycomputationandthebuildingstructure,thearticleproposedavoidsmethodwhichreveals.Analyzedsimultaneouslythepossibleinfluencetodepotratelostcallofbasestationproducesandproposedthesolutionmethod.Fromthreedifferentaspectsoffallsinthespeech,thearticleproposedinfluenceofinroomcovertothebasedepotvoicedropoutrate,andinducedthreekindsofreasonsaswellasthequestionswhichshouldbepaidattentiontointheengineeringdesign.Becausebetweentheroomandoutdoor,identicalpilotsignalcanhavethecut,inviewofthisquestion,thecutcontrolandtherealizationofsmoothtransitionmethodareinduced.Ithasbuiltthegoodfoundationforthenextwork.

Keywords:

WCDMA；Honeycombmobilecommunication；Repeater；Distributesystemindoor

1绪论······················································································································1

2室内覆盖背景和意义·······················································································2

2.1移动通信现状和发展·············································································2

2.2室内移动通信网络现状································································································2

2.3室内分布系统常见问题································································································3

2.4建设室内覆盖系统的意义和重要性··············································································4

2.5WCDMA室内覆盖规划建设原则··············································································5

3室内分布天线系统···········································································································6

3.1室内分布天线系统概述·········································································6

3.2室内覆盖系统原理·················································································6

3.2.1有源天线分布系统················································································7

3.2.2光纤天线分布系统················································································8

3.2.3无源天线分布系统················································································9

3.2.4泄漏电缆分布系统················································································11

3.2.5有源天线分布系统和无源天线分布系统混合应用简述···································13

4信号覆盖分析···················································································································14

4.1传播的主要特征······························································································16

4.2信号的传输衰落·····················································································16

4.3建筑物内电磁环境的分析·······················································································17

4.4影响通信的不利效应·······················································································19

4.5室内覆盖系统对大网影响分析································································20

4.5.1对基站呼损率的影响···············································································20

4.5.2对基站掉话率的影响···············································································20

4.6室内、外切换问题的分析·········································································21

4.6.1问题的提出·······························································································21

4.6.2切换的控制·······························································································22

4.6.3切换区掉话分析·······················································································22

4.7直放站收、发天线之间的隔离距离······················································23

5沈阳二十一世纪大厦室内覆盖系统方案设计·······································25

5.1工程概况··········································································································25

5.1.1沈阳二十一世纪大厦简介···············································································25

5.1.2GSM室内分布覆盖现状···············································································26

5.2系统改造思路································································26

5.2.1改造设计目的···············································································26

5.2.2改造设计依据···············································································26

5.2.3改造设计原则···············································································27

5.3改造设计难点·········································································27

5.3.1天馈系统的合理布置····················································································27

5.3.2内部软切换区域规划·············································································28

5.3.3信号泄露控制················································································29

5.3.4系统扩容等其他情况分析········································································30

5.4改造设计技术指标······················································30

5.5工程实施方案说明······················································30

5.5.1有源设备的改造····················································································30

5.5.2施工规范····················································································31

5.6改造方案可行性分析······················································33

5.6.1GSM覆盖分析····················································································33

5.6.2WCDMA覆盖分析····················································································34

5.6.3系统干扰分析····················································································35

5.6.4设备利用率分析····················································································35

5.6.5系统设计成本优势的分析···················································································35

6沈阳二十一世纪大厦GSM兼容WCDMA改造·······································37

6.13G室内覆盖原则··········································································································37

6.2信号源和室内分布系统的考虑·············································································37

6.3沈阳二十一世纪大厦室内分布系统示意图···············································38

结论··························································································································56

致谢················································································································57

参考文献·····················································································································58

附录A：

英文原文································································································59

附录B：

汉语翻译································································································69

1绪论

本章主要对WCDMA网络和其关键技术做了简单的介绍，并提出了WCDMA网络室内规划的方法和流程。

通过对目前市场背景、技术能力、用户需求等方面的分析说明了室内网络规划的重要性。

且在本章的最后对论文的主要内容作了简单的概述。

随着移动通信的飞速发展，手机等无线通信设备已经成为人们不可缺少的现代化通信工具，移动通信的业务也从传统的话音扩展到数据，图像，视频等多媒体业务，尤其是即将到来的第三代移动通信技术，将使移动通信的内容更加丰富多彩。

人们也早已不再满足于只有室外的移动通信服务，比如在大型建筑物，尤其是人口密度大，话务量繁忙，如酒店，商务，商贸中心等地区，人们也希望能享受优质高速的室内移动通信业务，这对移动通信系统的性能提出了更高的要求。

为了满足不断增长的用户要求，提高运营商的公众声望，各个运营商在不断扩容的同时，都在追求全服务区的无缝覆盖。

因为移动通信的业务都是通过无线接入技术承载的，无线链路的质量影响着整个网络的质量，同时影响系统的容量和业务的开展。

鉴于移动通信复杂的电波传播特性，解决信道的多径衰落，噪声和干扰等无线射频问题是移动通信技术的关键[1]。

无线射频信号的优化对网络无缝覆盖具有非常重要的意义。

城市向来是移动通信业务热点地区，由于人口密度大，电磁环境恶劣，加之如雨后春笋班的大型建筑的不断涌现，给网络无缝覆盖带来了困难。

无线电波的传播易受地形，建筑结构等因素影响，往往造成大型建筑内信号难以满足要求，无论是现有的GSM还是CDMA系统，其穿透能力都比较弱，尤其是小灵通和3G系统，其信号穿透能力更弱。

因此，室外基站覆盖信号在室内会存在接收不稳定及在地面下范围无法接受的问题。

同时，大量现代化的建筑物由于容量的原因更不能靠室外的基站信号覆盖。

例如，在大型建筑物的底层，地下商场，地下停车场等地区，移动通信信号弱，手机等无线设备无法正常使用，形成了移动通信的盲区和阴影区；在中间楼层，由于来自周围不同基站信号的重叠，产生乒乓效应，手机切换频繁，甚至掉话，严重影响了手机的正常使用；在建筑物的高层，由于受基站天线高度的限制，无法正常覆盖，也是移动通信的盲区。

另外，在有些建筑物内，虽然手机能够正常通话，但是由于用户密度大，基站信道拥挤，手机上线困难。

因此解决好室内信号覆盖，满足用户需求，提高网络覆盖质量