必修5 Unit 1Great scientists.docx

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必修5Unit1Greatscientists

三言

两语

1.BorninAmerica,inJune,1880,HelenKellerwasoneofthegreatestwomeninthe20thcentury.

2.StephenHawkingwasfamedforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity,andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooksincludingABriefHistoryofTime.

3.Beethovenbeganlearningtheviolinandpianowhenhewasonly5,andbythetimehewas8hewasgivingpublicconcerts.

1.他全身心地投入工作,经常工作到午夜,而没有时间为自己着想,一心只为中国人民着想。

Heputallhisheartintotheworkandalwaysworkeduntilmidnight,havingnotimetothinkabouthimself,butonlytheChinesepeople.

2.他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实:

对帮助别人他从不犹豫。

Hischarmingpersonalityliesinasimplefactthatheneverhesitatestohelpothers.

[单词 拼写应用]

1.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败

2.expertadj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的

n.专家;行家

3.attendvt.照顾;护理;出席;参加

4.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心

5.blamevt.责备;谴责

n.过失;责备

6.linkvt.&n.连接;联系

7.positiveadj.积极的;肯定的;确实的

8.enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的

9.foreseevt.预见;预知

10.handlen.柄;把手

vt.处理;操纵

11.curen.治愈;痊愈

vt.治愈;治疗

12.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光

13.suspectvt.认为;怀疑

n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯

[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.

2.Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar,Martindecidedtoaskanexperiencedmantohandle(handle)theproblem.

3.Suspecting(suspect)thetravelerofcarryingdrugs,theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandlethimopenhissuitcase,butfoundnothingatall.

4.Fewanalystsforesaw(foresee)thatoilpriceswouldrisesoquickly.

5.KnowingthatyoushowgreatinterestinChinesecluture,I'dliketoinviteyoutoattend(attend)theexhibitionwithme.

1.challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战→challengingadj.挑战性的

2.cautionn.小心;警告→cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的

3.pollutevt.污染;弄脏→pollutionn.污染

4.instructvt.命令;指示;教导→instructionn.说明;传授→instructions(pl.)用法说明;指示;命令

5.concludevt.&vi.结束;推断出→conclusionn.结论;结束

6.contributevt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助;投稿→contributionn.贡献

7.rejectvt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃→rejectionn.拒绝;抛弃

8.sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学的→scientistn.科学家

9.announcevt.宣布;通告→announcementn.通知;宣告

10.certainadj.确实的;肯定的→certaintyn.确信;确实→certainlyadv.确定;肯定

11.constructvt.建设;修建→constructionn.建设;建筑物

12.responsibleadj.有责任的;负责的→responsibilityn.责任;负责

[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Itwasconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Icametotheconclusionthathelied.(conclude)

2.Shehascontributedalotofmoneytotheschoolandshehasmadeagreatcontributiontoeducation.(contribute)

3.ThegreatbridgeunderconstructionisdesignedbyChineseengineersanditwilltakeaboutayeartoconstructthelargebridge.(construct)

4.IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanewchallenge.LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditverychallenging.(challenge)

5.Inclass,ourEnglishteacherofteninstructsustoimproveourreadingabilityandhisinstructionmakesadifferencetoourEnglishlearning.(instruct)

6.Theriverispollutedandnoiseisanotherkindofseriouspollutionhere.(pollute)

1.characteristicn.特征;

特性

2.analysevt.分析

3.physiciann.医生;内科

医师

4.victimn.受害者

5.outbreakn.爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)

6.enquiryn.询问

7.neighbourhoodn.附近;邻近

8.pumpn.泵;抽水机

vt.(用泵)抽(水)

9.fireworkn.烟火(燃放)

10.chartn.图表

11.backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)

12.universen.宇宙;世界

1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampusoftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.作品;创作

2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.(棋子的)移动;走棋

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.制成物;作品

[短语 多维应用]

1.putforward提出

2.drawaconclusion得出结论

3.expose...to使显露;暴露

4.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来

5.apartfrom除……之外;此外

[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)

Fromsomecases,wedrew①theconclusionthatweshouldclosethewindowandlockthedoorintime.Apart②fromit,wealsoput③forwardseveralsuggestions,oneofwhichwasthatyoushouldnotexposethisinformation④toanyonewhenout.Thesesuggestionswouldcertainlycureusofthebadhabitssothatwecouldpreventsuchcaseshappeningagain.

6.beenthusiasticabout热衷于;对……充满热情

7.makesense讲得通;有意义

8.(be)strictwith...对……严格的

9.contributeto有助于;捐献;导致

10.betoblame应受责备

11.lookinto调查

[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)

Asanastronomer,Iamenthusiastic⑤aboutyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Thefollowingreasoncontributed⑥tomysuggestion.Thepresenttheorydoesn'tmake⑦sense,forwecannotconcludethattheearthisthecentreoftheuniverse.SoIsincerelyhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.

[句式 结构仿写]

教材原句背诵

句式仿写应用

1.everytime作连词,引导时间状语从句

Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.

(浙江卷)每次他忙完一天的工作到家时,我们都在门口迎接他。

Everytimehearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.

2.havesth.done使某事被做……

Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

别担心,他将会尽力按时完成工作的。

Thereisnoneedtoworry.Hewilltrytohavehisworkfinishedontime.

3.only+状语从句置于句首的倒装句

Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.

(湖南卷)只有你找到内心的平静你才能和他人相处得好。

Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyougeton/alongwellwithothers.

1.concludevt.&vi.断定;推断出;结束;终止

(1)conclude

conclude...with...以……结束……

(2)conclusionn.结论;结束

draw/cometo/arriveat/reachaconclusion得出结论

makeaconclusion下结论

inconclusion最后;作为结论地;总之

concludeabargain成交;达成协议

concludehisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome以祝大家归途平安结束了讲话

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(浙江卷)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.

②(四川卷)Inconclusion,Ilikeeverythinginspring,especiallythefeelingsbathedintherainandsunshine.

③(上海卷)Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.

[链接写作]——一句多译

我从我自己的经历中得出结论:

有志者,事竟成。

①Idrew/reached/cametoaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.(conclusion)

②Iconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.(conclude)

2.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光;使面临

expose...to...使……显露/暴露于/接触到……

(be)exposedto...暴露于……;处于……危险中

exposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible让孩子尽量多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(辽宁卷)Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.

②a.Therearemorethan740millionChineseexposed(expose)tosecondhandsmokinginpublicplacesnow.

 b.Becarefulwhenyoudealwiththischemical,asitwillexplodewhenexposed(expose)tosunlight.

③Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentocomputergames.

[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级

(普通表达)Ifyouexposeyourselfto(把自己暴露在)thesunlightfortoolong,youwillgetyourskinharmed.

(高级表达)Exposingyourselftothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.(动名词短语作主语)

3.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心;并入,吞并;理解,掌握

(1)absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意力

(2)absorbedadj.精神集中的

beabsorbedin专心致志于;全神贯注于

(3)absorbingadj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的

bedeeplyabsorbedinwork专注于工作

absorbnewknowledge/information掌握新知识/新信息

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①a.(北京卷)Whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed(absorb).

 b.Thenovelwassoabsorbing(absorb)thatshereadonwithoutabreakevenforgettingfoodandsleep.

②(北京卷)Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.

[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级

(普通表达)Tomwasabsorbedin(专心致志)watchingthebasketballmatchandhedidn'tnoticehisclassmatecominguptohim.

(高级表达)Absorbedinthebasketballmatch,Tomdidn'tnoticehisclassmatecominguptohim.(分词短语作状语)

[名师点津] beabsorbedinsth.结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用其过去分词形式absorbedin...。

类似的结构还有:

belostin...陷入……,专心致志于……;becaughtin...被困在……;beburiedin...埋头于……;bedevotedto...致力于……,专心于……;beoccupiedin/with...忙于……;beinvolvedin...专注于……。

4.blamevt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备

(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人

blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上

betoblame(for...)应承担责任;该受责备

(2)taketheblamefor...=beresponsiblefor...对……负责

puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上

beartheblame承担责任

blametheaccidentondangerousdriving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(广东卷)Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.

②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.

③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwastoblame(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.

[链接写作]——句式升级

因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责,艾丽斯的情绪很低落。

(普通表达)Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.

(高级表达)Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)

[名师点津] betoblameforsth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。

5.contributevt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助;导致;投稿

(1)contributeto有助于;促成;为……做贡献

contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……;向……投稿

(2)contributionn.贡献

makeacontributionto/make

contributionsto对……做出贡献

contribute£5,000totheearthquakefund向地震基金捐赠了5000英镑

contributeanumberofarticlestothemagazine给这家杂志投了很多稿

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①a.(2018·江苏卷)Artscontributetoculturaldevelopmentwhenpeoplegathertogethertosharetheirexperienceandrenewtheirenergy.

 b.(江苏卷)Itismoremeaningfultocontributebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.

②(辽宁卷)Yourcontribution(contribute)willcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.

[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级

(普通表达)Hemadesuchagreatcontributionto(做出如此大的贡献)theuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.

(高级表达)Suchagreatcontributiondidhemaketotheuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(倒装句)

6.putforward提出(建议);推荐;将……提前;将(钟表等)向前拨

putaside节省;储蓄;储存;留出

putaway放好;积蓄

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