必修5 Unit 1Great scientists.docx
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必修5Unit1Greatscientists
三言
两语
1.BorninAmerica,inJune,1880,HelenKellerwasoneofthegreatestwomeninthe20thcentury.
2.StephenHawkingwasfamedforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity,andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooksincludingABriefHistoryofTime.
3.Beethovenbeganlearningtheviolinandpianowhenhewasonly5,andbythetimehewas8hewasgivingpublicconcerts.
1.他全身心地投入工作,经常工作到午夜,而没有时间为自己着想,一心只为中国人民着想。
Heputallhisheartintotheworkandalwaysworkeduntilmidnight,havingnotimetothinkabouthimself,butonlytheChinesepeople.
2.他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实:
对帮助别人他从不犹豫。
Hischarmingpersonalityliesinasimplefactthatheneverhesitatestohelpothers.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败
2.expertadj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的
n.专家;行家
3.attendvt.照顾;护理;出席;参加
4.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心
5.blamevt.责备;谴责
n.过失;责备
6.linkvt.&n.连接;联系
7.positiveadj.积极的;肯定的;确实的
8.enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的
9.foreseevt.预见;预知
10.handlen.柄;把手
vt.处理;操纵
11.curen.治愈;痊愈
vt.治愈;治疗
12.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
13.suspectvt.认为;怀疑
n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.
2.Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar,Martindecidedtoaskanexperiencedmantohandle(handle)theproblem.
3.Suspecting(suspect)thetravelerofcarryingdrugs,theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandlethimopenhissuitcase,butfoundnothingatall.
4.Fewanalystsforesaw(foresee)thatoilpriceswouldrisesoquickly.
5.KnowingthatyoushowgreatinterestinChinesecluture,I'dliketoinviteyoutoattend(attend)theexhibitionwithme.
拓
展
单
词
1.challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战→challengingadj.挑战性的
2.cautionn.小心;警告→cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
3.pollutevt.污染;弄脏→pollutionn.污染
4.instructvt.命令;指示;教导→instructionn.说明;传授→instructions(pl.)用法说明;指示;命令
5.concludevt.&vi.结束;推断出→conclusionn.结论;结束
6.contributevt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助;投稿→contributionn.贡献
7.rejectvt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃→rejectionn.拒绝;抛弃
8.sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学的→scientistn.科学家
9.announcevt.宣布;通告→announcementn.通知;宣告
10.certainadj.确实的;肯定的→certaintyn.确信;确实→certainlyadv.确定;肯定
11.constructvt.建设;修建→constructionn.建设;建筑物
12.responsibleadj.有责任的;负责的→responsibilityn.责任;负责
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Itwasconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Icametotheconclusionthathelied.(conclude)
2.Shehascontributedalotofmoneytotheschoolandshehasmadeagreatcontributiontoeducation.(contribute)
3.ThegreatbridgeunderconstructionisdesignedbyChineseengineersanditwilltakeaboutayeartoconstructthelargebridge.(construct)
4.IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanewchallenge.LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditverychallenging.(challenge)
5.Inclass,ourEnglishteacherofteninstructsustoimproveourreadingabilityandhisinstructionmakesadifferencetoourEnglishlearning.(instruct)
6.Theriverispollutedandnoiseisanotherkindofseriouspollutionhere.(pollute)
阅
读
单
词
1.characteristicn.特征;
特性
2.analysevt.分析
3.physiciann.医生;内科
医师
4.victimn.受害者
5.outbreakn.爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6.enquiryn.询问
7.neighbourhoodn.附近;邻近
8.pumpn.泵;抽水机
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
9.fireworkn.烟火(燃放)
10.chartn.图表
11.backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)
12.universen.宇宙;世界
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampusoftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.作品;创作
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.(棋子的)移动;走棋
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.制成物;作品
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.putforward提出
2.drawaconclusion得出结论
3.expose...to使显露;暴露
4.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
5.apartfrom除……之外;此外
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Fromsomecases,wedrew①theconclusionthatweshouldclosethewindowandlockthedoorintime.Apart②fromit,wealsoput③forwardseveralsuggestions,oneofwhichwasthatyoushouldnotexposethisinformation④toanyonewhenout.Thesesuggestionswouldcertainlycureusofthebadhabitssothatwecouldpreventsuchcaseshappeningagain.
6.beenthusiasticabout热衷于;对……充满热情
7.makesense讲得通;有意义
8.(be)strictwith...对……严格的
9.contributeto有助于;捐献;导致
10.betoblame应受责备
11.lookinto调查
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Asanastronomer,Iamenthusiastic⑤aboutyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Thefollowingreasoncontributed⑥tomysuggestion.Thepresenttheorydoesn'tmake⑦sense,forwecannotconcludethattheearthisthecentreoftheuniverse.SoIsincerelyhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.everytime作连词,引导时间状语从句
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
(浙江卷)每次他忙完一天的工作到家时,我们都在门口迎接他。
Everytimehearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.
2.havesth.done使某事被做……
Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.
别担心,他将会尽力按时完成工作的。
Thereisnoneedtoworry.Hewilltrytohavehisworkfinishedontime.
3.only+状语从句置于句首的倒装句
Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
(湖南卷)只有你找到内心的平静你才能和他人相处得好。
Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyougeton/alongwellwithothers.
1.concludevt.&vi.断定;推断出;结束;终止
(1)conclude
conclude...with...以……结束……
(2)conclusionn.结论;结束
draw/cometo/arriveat/reachaconclusion得出结论
makeaconclusion下结论
inconclusion最后;作为结论地;总之
concludeabargain成交;达成协议
concludehisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome以祝大家归途平安结束了讲话
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.
②(四川卷)Inconclusion,Ilikeeverythinginspring,especiallythefeelingsbathedintherainandsunshine.
③(上海卷)Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:
有志者,事竟成。
①Idrew/reached/cametoaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.(conclusion)
②Iconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.(conclude)
2.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光;使面临
expose...to...使……显露/暴露于/接触到……
(be)exposedto...暴露于……;处于……危险中
exposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible让孩子尽量多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(辽宁卷)Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.
②a.Therearemorethan740millionChineseexposed(expose)tosecondhandsmokinginpublicplacesnow.
b.Becarefulwhenyoudealwiththischemical,asitwillexplodewhenexposed(expose)tosunlight.
③Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentocomputergames.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Ifyouexposeyourselfto(把自己暴露在)thesunlightfortoolong,youwillgetyourskinharmed.
(高级表达)Exposingyourselftothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.(动名词短语作主语)
3.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心;并入,吞并;理解,掌握
(1)absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbedadj.精神集中的
beabsorbedin专心致志于;全神贯注于
(3)absorbingadj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
bedeeplyabsorbedinwork专注于工作
absorbnewknowledge/information掌握新知识/新信息
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(北京卷)Whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed(absorb).
b.Thenovelwassoabsorbing(absorb)thatshereadonwithoutabreakevenforgettingfoodandsleep.
②(北京卷)Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Tomwasabsorbedin(专心致志)watchingthebasketballmatchandhedidn'tnoticehisclassmatecominguptohim.
(高级表达)Absorbedinthebasketballmatch,Tomdidn'tnoticehisclassmatecominguptohim.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] beabsorbedinsth.结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用其过去分词形式absorbedin...。
类似的结构还有:
belostin...陷入……,专心致志于……;becaughtin...被困在……;beburiedin...埋头于……;bedevotedto...致力于……,专心于……;beoccupiedin/with...忙于……;beinvolvedin...专注于……。
4.blamevt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备
(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人
blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上
betoblame(for...)应承担责任;该受责备
(2)taketheblamefor...=beresponsiblefor...对……负责
puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上
beartheblame承担责任
blametheaccidentondangerousdriving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.
③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwastoblame(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.
[链接写作]——句式升级
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责,艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
(普通表达)Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.
(高级表达)Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] betoblameforsth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5.contributevt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助;导致;投稿
(1)contributeto有助于;促成;为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……;向……投稿
(2)contributionn.贡献
makeacontributionto/make
contributionsto对……做出贡献
contribute£5,000totheearthquakefund向地震基金捐赠了5000英镑
contributeanumberofarticlestothemagazine给这家杂志投了很多稿
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·江苏卷)Artscontributetoculturaldevelopmentwhenpeoplegathertogethertosharetheirexperienceandrenewtheirenergy.
b.(江苏卷)Itismoremeaningfultocontributebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.
②(辽宁卷)Yourcontribution(contribute)willcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Hemadesuchagreatcontributionto(做出如此大的贡献)theuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.
(高级表达)Suchagreatcontributiondidhemaketotheuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(倒装句)
6.putforward提出(建议);推荐;将……提前;将(钟表等)向前拨
putaside节省;储蓄;储存;留出
putaway放好;积蓄