河北工业大学博士英语答案.docx
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河北工业大学博士英语答案
TEXTB
Punditswhowanttosoundjudiciousarefondofwarningagainstgeneralizing.Eachcountryisdifferent,theysay,andnoonestoryfitsallofAsia.Thisis,ofcourse,silly:
alloftheseeconomiesplungedintoeconomiccrisiswithinafewmonthsofeachother,sotheymusthavehadsomethingincommon.
Infact,thelogicofcatastrophewasprettymuchthesameinThailand,Malaysia,IndonesiaandSouthKorea.(Japanisaverydifferentstory.)Ineachcaseinvestors——mainly,butnotentirely,foreignbankswhohadmadeshort-termloans——alltriedtopulltheirmoneyoutatthesametime.Theresultwasacombinedbankingandcurrencycrisis:
abankingcrisisbecausenobankcanconvert allitsassetsintocashonshortnotice;acurrencycrisisbecausepanickedinvestorsweretryingnotonlytoconvertlong-termassetsintocash,buttoconvertbahtorrupiahintodollars.Inthefaceofthestampede,governmentshadnogoodoptions.Iftheylettheircurrenciesplungeinflationwouldsoarandcompaniesthathadborrowedindollarswouldgobankrupt;iftheytriedtosupporttheircurrenciesbypushingupinterestrates,thesamefirmswouldprobablygobustfromthecombinationofdebtburdenandrecession.Inpractice,countries’splitthedifference——andpaidaheavypriceregardless.
Wasthecrisisapunishmentforbadeconomicmanagement?
Likemostcliches, thecatchphrase“cronycapitalism”hasprosperedbecauseitgetsatsomethingreal:
excessivelycozyrelationshipsbetweengovernmentandbusinessreallydidleadtoalotofbadinvestments.ThestillprimitivefinancialstructureofAsianbusinessalsomadetheeconomiespeculiarlyvulnerabletoalossofconfidence.Butthepunishmentwassurelydisproportionatetothecrime,andmanyinvestmentsthatlookfoolishinretrospectseemedsensibleatthetime.
Giventhattherewerenogoodpolicyoptions,wasthepolicyresponsemainlyonthefighttrack?
Therewasfranticblame-shiftingwheneverythinginAsiaseemedtobegoingwrong:
nowthereisaracetoclaimcreditwhensomethingshavestartedtogoright.TheinternationalMonetaryFundpointstoKorea’srecovery——andmoregenerallytothefactthattheskydidn’tfallafterall——as proofthatitspolicyrecommendationswereright.NevermindthatotherIMFclientshavedonefarworse,andthattheeconomyofMalaysia——whichrefusedIMFhelp,andhorrifiedrespectableopinionbyimposingcapitalcontrols——alsoseemstobeonthemend.Malaysia’sprimeMinister,bycontrast,claimsfullcreditforanygoodnews——eventhoughneighbouringeconomiesalsoseemtohavebottomedout.
ThetruthisthatanobserverwithoutanyaxtogrindwouldprobablyconcludethatnoneofthepoliciesadoptedeitheronorindefianceoftheIMF’sadvicemademuchdifferenceeitherway.Budgetpolicies,interestratepolicies,bankingreform——whatevercountriestried,justaboutallthecapitalthatcould flee,did.Andwhentherewasnomeremoneytorun,thenaturalrecuperativepowersoftheeconomiesfinallybegantoprevail.Atbest,themoneydoctorswhopurportedtooffercuresprovidedahelpfulbedsidemanner;atworst,theywerelikemedievalphysicianswhoprescribedbleedingasaremedyforallills.
Willthepatientsstageafullrecovery?
Itdependsonexactlywhatyoumeanby“full”.SouthKorea’sindustrialproductionisalreadyaboveitspre-crisislevel;butinthespringof1997anyonewhohadpredictedzerogrowthinKoreanindustryoverthenexttwoyearswouldhavebeenregardedasarecklessdoomsayer.Soifbyrecoveryyoumeannotjustareturntogrowth,butonethatbringstheregion’sperformancebacktosomethinglikewhatpeopleusedtoregardastheAsiannorm,theyhavealongwaytogo.
19.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthewriter’sopinion?
A.Countriespaidaheavypriceforwhichevermeasuretaken.
B.Countriesallfoundthemselvesinaneconomicdilemma.
C.Withdrawalofforeigncapitalresultedinthecrisis.
D.Mostgovernmentschoseoneofthetwooptions.
20.ThewriterthinksthatthoseAsiancountries___.
A.welldeservedthepunishment
B.investedinasenselesswayatthetime
C.wereundulypunishedinthecrisis
D.hadbadrelationshipsbetweengovernmentandbusiness
21.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatIMFpolicyrecommendations ___.
A.werefarfromapanaceainallcases
B.werefeasibleintheirrecipientcountries
C.failedtoworkintheirrecipientcountries
D.wererejectedunanimouslybyAsiancountries
22.Attheendofthepassage,thewriterseemstothinkthatafullrecoveryoftheAsianeconomyis___.
A.due B.remote C.imaginative D.unpredictable
短文大意:
本文主要论述的是1997年的亚洲金融危机的危害及其爆发的原因。
19.答案:
D
【参考译文】根据该短文,下列哪一项不是作者的观点?
【试题分析】本题为排除题。
【详细解答】短文第二段最后几句说“Inthefaceofthestampede,governmentshadnogoodoptions.Iftheylettheircurrenciesplungeinflationwouldsoarandcompaniesthathadborrowedindollarswouldgobankrupt;iftheytriedtosupporttheircurrenciesbypushingupinterestrates,thesamefirmswouldprobablygobustfromthecombinationofdebtburdenandrecession.Inpractice,countries’splitthedifference-andpaidaheavypriceregardless.”由此可知,亚洲经济危机时期各国均陷入经济两难境地,既不能任由本国货币猛跌,也不能提高存款利率。
选项D与该说法相矛盾,故不是作者的观点。
20.答案:
C
【参考译文】作者认为那些亚洲国家如何?
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题。
【详细解答】短文第三段最后一句说“Butthepunishmentwassurelydisproportionatetothecrime,…”由此可知,作者认为那些亚洲国家遭受的惩罚过度了,故答案选C。
21.答案:
A
【参考译文】从该短文可以推知IMF的经济复苏政策如何?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】虽然IMF对韩国的经济复苏起了一定作用,短文第四段却说“NevermindthatotherIMFclientshavedonefarworse,…”接着以马来西亚为例,说明IMF的政策不是万能的,故答案选A。
22.答案:
B
【参考译文】在短文的末尾,作者认为亚洲国家经济全面复苏是怎样的?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文最后一段的最后一句说“…theyhavealongwaytogo.”即这些国家(的经济全面复苏)有很长的路要走。
故选项B“遥远的”为正确答案。
TEXTB
Agreenandyellowparrot,whichhunginacageoutsidethedoor,keptrepeatingoverandover:
“Allezvous-en!
Allezvous-en!
Sapristi!
That’sallright!
”HecouldspeakalittleSpanish,andalsoalanguagewhichnobodyunderstood,unlessitwasthemocking-birdthathungontheothersideofthedoor,whistlinghisflutynotesoutuponthebreezewithmaddeningpersistence.
Mr.Pontellier,unabletoreadhisnewspaperwithanydegreeofcomfort,arosewithanexpressionandanexclamationofdisgust.Hewalkeddownthegalleryandacrossthenarrow“bridges”whichconnectedtheLebruncottagesonewiththeother.Hehadbeenseatedbeforethedoorofthemainhouse.TheparrotandthemockingbirdwerethepropertyofMadameLebrun,andtheyhadtherighttomakeallthenoisetheywished.Mr.Pontellierhadtheprivilegeofquittingtheirsocietywhentheyceasedtobeentertaining.
Hestoppedbeforethedoorofhisowncottage,whichwasthefourthonefromthemainbuildingandnexttothelast.Seatinghimselfinawickerrockerwhichwasthere,heoncemoreappliedhimselftothetaskofreadingthenewspaper.ThedaywasSunday;thepaperwasadayold.TheSundaypapershadnotyetreachedGrandIsle.Hewasalreadyacquaintedwiththemarketreports,andheglancedrestlesslyovertheeditorialsandbitsofnewswhichhehadnothadtimetoreadbeforequittingNewOrleansthedaybefore.
Mr.Pontellierworeeye-glasses.Hewasamanofforty,ofmediumheightandratherslenderbuild;hestoopedalittle.Hishairwasbrownandstraight,partedononeside.Hisbeardwasneatlyandcloselytrimmed.
Onceinawhilehewithdrewhisglancefromthenewspaperandlookedabouthim.Therewasmorenoisethaneveroveratthehouse.Themainbuildingwascalled“thehouse,”todistinguishitfromthecottages.Thechatteringandwhistlingbirdswerestillatit.Twoyounggirls,theFarivaltwins,wereplayingaduetfrom“Zampa”uponthepiano.MadameLebrunwasbustlinginandout,givingordersinahighkeytoayard-boywhenevershegotinsidethehouse,anddirectionsinanequallyhighvoicetoadining–roomservantwhenevershegotoutside.Shewasafresh,prettywoman,cladalwaysinwhitewithelbowsleeves.Herstarchedskirtscrinkledasshecameandwent.Fartherdown,beforeoneofthecottages,aladyinblackwaswalkingdemurelyupanddown,tellingherbeads.AgoodmanypersonsofthepensionhadgoneovertotheCheniereCaminadainBeaudelet’sluggertohearmass.Someyoungpeoplewereoutunderthewater-oaksplayingcroquet.Mr.Pontellier’stwochildrenwerethere—sturdylittlefellowsoffourandfive.Aquadroonnursefollowedthemaboutwithafaraway,meditativeair.
Mr.Pontellierfinallylitacigarandbegantosmoke,lettingthepaperdragidlyfromhishand.Hefixedhisgazeuponawhitesunshadethatwasadvancingatsnail’spacefromthebeach.Hecouldseeitplainlybetweenthegaunttrunksofthewater-oaksandacrossthestretchofyellowchamomile.Thegulflookedfaraway,meltinghazilyintotheblueofthehorizon.Thesunshadecontinuedtoapproachslowly.Beneathitspink-linedshelterwerehiswife,Mrs.Pontellier,andyoungRobertLebrun.Whentheyreachedthecottage,thetwoseatedthemselveswithsomeappearanceoffatigueupontheupperstepoftheporch,facingeachother,eachleaningagainstasupportingpost.
“Whatfolly!
tobatheatsuchanhourinsuchheat!
”exclaimedMr.Pontellier.Hehimselfhadtakenaplungeatdaylight.Thatwaswhythemorningseemedlongtohim.
“Youareburntbeyondrecognition,”headded,lookingathiswifeasonelooksatavaluablepieceofpersonalpropertywhichhassufferedsomedamage.Sheheldupherhands,strong,shapelyhands,andsurveyedthemcritically,drawingupherlawnsleevesabovethewrists.Lookingatthemremindedherofherrings,whichshehad