写作笔记.docx
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写作笔记
※考研写作六大原则:
1、印象原则:
10±6分
①字迹:
矮胖型,字母大小一样;
涂改:
不要超过10%;
段落:
按提纲写(三段式:
一、现象;二、推论作者意图;三、该怎么做)
2、提纲原则:
严禁发表与提纲无关的言论,即将思想降至最低,将语言发挥到极致。
且一般为当年的次热点,绝不会考最热点,要考就靠永恒的话题。
3、数量原则:
(极其关键)
A、段落(提纲)(有几年有要求举例,万不能落)
B、句子小:
6——8句P1:
3——4句
大:
12——15句P2:
5——7句
P3:
4句
C、字数小:
100——110词常只限10行
大:
200——220词
4、顺序原则:
语言————→结构————————→内容(思路)
多变,少错但求无过,起承转合忽略不计
5、思维转化原则:
互译(写不出的就不写,非写不可的就换简易的)
eg:
孝敬父母使我们的传统美德?
Itisourobligationtorespectouragingparents.
取其精华,去其糟粕?
Takethepositiveaspects,resistthenegativeconsequence
原则:
中英互译的必死,不要死扣中文。
将中文降到最弱智的解释,英文保证正确。
非写不可的的,一定转换思维:
你对我很重要→youaremywater!
!
!
!
6、语言变化原则:
同一意义尽量使用不同方法表达,语言结构和表达多样性
※考研写作七宗罪:
1
图sketch(手绘图)cartoonportrayal(肖像)
photo(照片)drawing
②解决问题:
address/dealwiththeproblem→reversethedisturbingtrend
disposeofsb\sth(扭转令人不安的趋势)
vulgar(五阿哥)庸俗的vulnerable\fragile
3
好beneficial
positivebringaboutfar-reachinginfluence(带来深远影响)
favorable
4坏adverseAQ(抗逆境能力)IQ、EQ
negative
unfavorable带来:
cause
A对B不好:
soundanalarmtosb敲响警钟Smokingsoundsanalarmtoyourhealth.
Pose(产生)apotential(潜在的)andprobablethreaton/toPPPT押韵
Smokingposesapotentialandprobablethreattoyourhealth.
5非常:
extraordinarily、exceptionally(例外)、undoubtedly(毋庸置疑的)
6重要:
vital、crucial、irreplaceable
Playanirreplaceableroleto
7
越来越:
形容词:
er\moreandmore
副词:
increasingly日益
※文章结构
1单图P1的写法:
①开门见山,说出图画干什么②详细挖掘图画信息、作者意图③总结
2、双图题P1的大致思路:
(今年考察双图的可能是史上最高的)
流程:
总写一句话,二图片描述及意义各一句话(共五句话)
Eg:
2003年真题,这两幅图就共同反映同一朵花在不同条件下的命运/花在不同环境下发生的微妙变化subtle不可取代的:
irreplaceable
Thesetofdrawingabovevividlydepictsthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.
以上组图换subtly描绘(picture变来)(该句典型的总写)
Asisshowninthecartoon,theflowersisplacedinacomfortablegreenhouse/whichshelters
换reflected(用一句话描述第一图的信息,后面的两句话就没必要了)保护
fromthethreateninglightningandstorm./……Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreen-
定语从句是第一段中能写出的亮点之一然而(两图对比的关系)
houseandexpsedtotheheavyrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers
双图题P1的写法:
(3句话)总揽两图信息——→分别展现单图
如图所示……第一幅图……然而……
3、P2的写法:
Whattheimpressivephotoconveysgoesfarfrombeyondanewfashiontrend.Insteadof,it
浅由浅入深的思路,P讲15同(但这不是高手的风格,我们更推崇直接写深)
深
carriescultureimplicationsaswell.Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessesthephenomenonthat
换reflects深层含义③现状+原因:
现状,forthereasonthat+句子,可以写成巨拉风的长句!
!
foreignpeopleineverexpending/increasing/mountingnumbersareattractedtothemysterious
越来越+N的较好看的写法任选一个自己喜欢的使用神秘的
traditionalChineseculture,forthereasonthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,
该写法一定记得在写现状时用!
!
!
!
!
一定程度上层进的修辞(并列加递进)且
appreciated,andadvocatedinternationally.Inotherwords,onenation’sdistinctiveculturecanbecome
ARAAorAAA押韵④影响独一无二的
internationalthroughworld-wildeconomicandcultureexchange.Sincethetrendofglobalizationseems
⑤总结(since)
increasinglyfar-reaching,cultureexchangescaneffectivelyandefficentlyimprovemutual
影响越来越深远+adjEE(又快又好地)→有效地相互的
undersatandingandfriendship.
Accordingly/consequently,nationalculture,thepricelessfortune,shouldbepreservedand
无价之宝“保存和珍惜”→好事六大词
treasured.……However,whenweareconfrontedwithadifferentculture,weshouldbesensible
面对……常可用于第三段使用←明智的
enoughtakethepositiveaspects,resistthenegativeconsequence,andonlyinthiswaycanwe
取其精华,去其糟粕itisinthisthatwecan↙改为
promoteculturedevelopmentpositivelyandmakeourworldharmonious,prosperous,vigorous.
世界繁荣昌盛:
和谐的、繁荣、有活力的SSS
1)押韵:
发扬等:
ARAAorAAA多用于好的,也可以用于坏的文章中,找出坏现象的反面进行~
有效地:
EE繁荣昌盛:
SSS
教育:
educate,enlightenEE无情的:
ruthless,无情的relentless残酷无情的RR
3、ExampleⅠP2流程图:
“论点→论据→结论”即“总→分→总”的结构
①浅:
(用主语从句)发人深思:
thought-provoking
②深:
Instead、implication、reflect等(这句话是关键,是论点,是核心)
③现状(拟人、同位语从句)+原因(,forthereasonthat进行论证、阐述)超长句!
!
!
④影响:
Intheotherwords
⑤总结:
since
4、好事六大词:
appreciated,advocated,accepted,respected,preserved,treasured
5、2010年考研性价比最高的四组词:
Ⅰ)图画:
portrayal、sketch、photo、drawing、cartoon
Ⅱ)Show:
reflect、imply、indicate、illustrate、demonstrate、reveal、convey、suggest
Ⅲ)深刻含义:
symbolicmeaning,implication,connotation(画外音、言下之意)
Ⅳ)象征:
naturallyassociatedwith,symbolicmeaning
6、如何处理在第一段中两到三个动作连用的情况:
首先,找出所有动作,并区分出V主和V次
然后,保留V主将V次加-ing
最后,变成“N,V次-ing,V主”的结构,其中,V次-ing做插入语,作为第一段的亮点。
TheMaster,standingbythereverside,sighed,“Maytimepassonandonlikethis,neverceasingdayandnight.”(子在川上曰“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜。
”)sighe:
感叹,感慨
Flutteringthroughtheair,wedancewing,lifeafterlife,foreverapair.(我和你缠缠绵绵翩翩飞,飞越这红尘永相随)flutter:
动物拍翅膀
DisappointedwithanddespairedbyN.O,Iblewthebuildingup.
E.G.:
Asissubtlysuggestedintheenlightedingsketch,apatheticandhomelessbird,standingonaaxe/cuttingtoolwithsorrow,whichisnaturallyassociatedwiththeruthlessandrelentlessdestruction,iscryingforitslosthome.
7、P1尽量用简单的单词,将图描述清楚即可。
具体写法见:
Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlythesubtlerelationship/aruthlessandrelentless
fightingbetweenwehumansandthedesert.Inthefirstpicture,peoplearerunningawayfrom
theoverwhelmingdesert.Thecaptionindicatesthat“Asthesandadvances,weretreat.”Onthe
字幕↘goahead↘getback
contrary,thesecondpicturedepictsthatpeople,taking/carryingoftools,arecomingtoplant
withconfidencesandjoys.Thecaptionreadsthat“Asweadvance,thesandretreats.”
↘小词大用的好例子(校训等都可用)
9、坏事第二段的写法:
Thepurposeofthepicturesistoconvinceusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtotheprevalantand
直接写出深层含义企图说服迫切地流行的
pervasiveissueofenviromentalprotection.
Owingtooverwhelmingclearcutting/the
普遍的PP押韵
原因+现状Owingto+N/forthereasonthat+句子
pastseveralyearshavewitnessedthephenomenonthatthedeaertistakingawayourliving
spacewithahigh/surprising/amazing/unprecedentedspped.
Inotherwords,this
↘空前的
影响→“坏影响的六种写法”
phenomenonnotonlyposeapotentialandprobablethreatonoursutainabledevelopment,
pppt
butalsobringsaboutanunfavorableconsequenceonecosystem.
Ifwedonotfightagainst
威胁性总结(一般一句就够)
sandhills,theywilldriveusawayfromtheland.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,ourenvironmentwillbecomeuncontrollable/unimaginable/unpredictable/unforeseeable.
10、如何在考研第二段中写出影响:
好4坏6
坏的:
①undermine(vt)=destoryruinweakensapsbofsth
②adverselyaffect
③soundanalarmtosomething
④putanenormouspressureupon
⑤bringabouta(n)adverse/unfavorableconsequenceon
⑥poseapotentialandprobablethrentto/on
好的:
①bringabouta(n)far-reachinginfluence/impacton
②layasolidfoundationfor
③playanirreplaceablerolein
④serveasacatalystfor(促进)promote
2)威胁性总结:
willbecomeuncontrollable/unimginable/unpredictable/unforeseeable.=willdeteriorate(v)
(任选两个词使用即可)无法控制的/无法想象的/无法预测的/无看到前方的将恶化(高手)
3)历年大作文命题趋势分析:
98990001※举例020304※举例050607※举例0809预测→10年(可能举例)
单双双单单双单单双单单单预测→双﹥单
坏坏坏好好坏好坏中好好中预测→坏﹥好
4)举例段的写法:
(6—8句话)
Itcanbeexamplifiedbythefolloingcases…“举例说明”
例1+例2(各2—3句话):
例1.Anothercaseimportantis/Anotherfittingexampleis+例2
举例子的时候越简单越好,别出错。
举例规则:
由人及己(社会、他人→自己)
总结一句话:
onthewhole,theseexampleseffectivelyandefficentlyclarifythesayingthat“中心论点”
Confrontedwiththechallengeof面临Strivefor奋斗
L4
如图所示:
①Thecartoondepictsavividsceneinwhich=where+描写图画的一句话……
②Themoststriking(引人注目的)feature(特点)ofthedrawingisthat……
2、主要原则:
①简单化原则:
简单主谓宾覆盖所有可写点,只有简单才不会犯错;②零错误原则;③纯原则:
只描写图画上的可写点,尤其第一句话
enjoyastrikingpopularity(流行)/caption(字幕)/worship(崇拜)/weareinformed
一、图画描述段:
2、语法结构:
定语从句+插入语(第一段实在要增加难点,可受用插入语、定语从句)
3、描述图画的Adj:
thought-provoking/profound(深刻的)/instructive(有教育意义的)/enligtening(有启发意义的)/impressive(印象深刻的)/exaggerative(夸张的)押尾韵vv
Adv:
graphically/symbolically/explicitly(清晰地)/subtly
4、如图所示的不同写法:
(任选一到两句经常使用形成自己的习惯)
①Thesatirical(只能用于坏事总写句=ironic)sketchgraphicallyportaysasceneinwhich+句子(一般用于总写/可写点1)
Itisgraphically图解/symbolically/explicitly/vividlyillustrated/demonstratedinthe图that+同上
②Whatmakesthedrawingstriking/intriguing(=applealing)isthefactthat+具体细节/可写点2
③Thecartoondepictsavividsceneinwhich=where+描写图画的一句话……
④Themoststriking(引人注目的)feature(特点)ofthedrawingisthat……
5、字幕描写的不同写法:
(如果有两处字幕,就可以将两句都用上,即一主动,一被动)
①Weareinformedbythecaptionthat
②Thecaptionreads/indicatesthat
6、总结(不要太难的话,把图总结即可,而且还不一定需要,视情况而定:
看字数是否够)
Undoubtedly/Unquestionably/Incontrovertibly千真万确/Indispensably必不可少……
7、第一段流程图:
挖掘出2—3个可写点→把它串成2—3句话→最后润色成段
二、意义阐述段:
(5—7句话)
1、由浅入深(若有话写则坚决放弃。
)
※Simple(andfuny)asthe图is/are,theconnotationsubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwithmoreinsight(andpenetration)/……shouldinvolvemoreinsightfulanalysis.
※Theconnotationbehindthe图,whichgoesfarbeyond_____,shouldbeanalyedmoreinsightfully.洞察力的\起承上启下的作用,可用于首段末或是二段首
2、深层含义(全段核心,全文关键)(这句才是关键)
①Inferredinthispictureisvirtuallya(adjPP)socialissue:
________________________
②Thepurposeofthispictureistoinform/convinceusthatdueattentionhuatobepaidtothe(adjpp)issueof(接名词结构)。
(此乃保底句)
③Thepicturearousesdeepconcernovertheissueof/that_____,whichisprevalantincontemporarysociety.(简单化)
④Thissketchdoesreflectathougth-provokingsocialphenomenonwhichisnotuncommon(“流行”但该词组只能用于定语从句中)inchinanow.
⑤Thefactthat_______indicatesthat,________(该句现在已不作考虑了)
⑥Theuniquemetaphor隐喻inthisenlighteningdrawingendowsuswiththeconception/notionthat_同4
该段最大特点就是思路异常清晰!
!
!
!
!
①(深刻含义)Undoubtedly(“起),thephotoshavesubtlyreflectedthesocialphenomenonthatidolworshipisprevalentamongtheyouthnowdays.②(象征点+现状)Backhamrepresents(V.象征)theimageofsportherowhosehandsomeappearanceandunparall