Unit3Lying全新版大学英语综合教程五课文翻译.docx
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Unit3Lying全新版大学英语综合教程五课文翻译
Unit3Lying
TextATheTruthAboutLying
1.I'vebeenwantingtowriteonasubjectthatintriguesandchallengesme:
thesubjectoflying.I'vefounditverydifficulttodo.EveryoneI'vetalkedtohasaquiteintenseandpersonalbutoftenratherintolerantpointofviewaboutwhatwecan—andcannevernever—tellliesabout.I'vefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatIcan'tpresentanyultimateconclusions,fortoomanypeoplewouldpromptlydisagree.Instead,I'dliketopresentaseriesofmoralpuzzles,allconcernedwithlying.I'lltellyouwhatIthinkaboutthem.Doyouagree?
SocialLies
2.MostofthepeopleI'vetalkedwithsaythattheyfindsociallyingacceptableandnecessary.Theythinkit'sthecivilizedwayforfolkstobehave.Withouttheselittlewhitelies,theysay,ourrelationshipswouldbeshortandbrutishandnasty.It'sarrogant,theysay,toinsistonbeingsoincorruptibleandsobravethatyoucauseotherpeopleunnecessaryembarrassmentorpainbycompulsivelyassailingthemwithyourhonesty.Ibasicallyagree.Whataboutyou?
3.Willyousaytopeople,whenitsimplyisn'ttrue,"Ilikeyournewhairdo,""You'relookingmuchbetter,""it'ssonicetoseeyou,""Ihadawonderfultime"?
4.Willyoupraisehideouspresentsandhomelykids?
5.Willyoudeclineinvitationswith"We'rebusythatnight—sosorrywecan'tcome,"whenthetruthisyou'dratherstayhomethandinewiththeSo-and-sos?
6.Andeventhough,asIdo,youmaypreferthepoliteevasionof"Youreallycookedupastorm"insteadof"Thesoup"—whichtasteslikewarmed-overcoffee—"iswonderful,"willyou,ifyoumust,proclaimitwonderful?
7.There'sonemanIknowwhoabsolutelyrefusestotellsociallies."Ican'tplaythatgame,"hesays;"I'msimplynotmadethatway."Andhisanswertotheargumentthatsayingnicethingstosomeonedoesn'tcostanythingis,"Yes,itdoes—itdestroysyourcredibility."Now,hewon't,unsolicited,offerhisviewsonthepaintingyoujustbought,butyoudon'taskhisfrankopinionunlessyouwantfrank,andhissilenceatthosemomentswhentherestofusliarsaremuttering,"Isn'titlovely?
"is,forthemostpart,eloquentenough.Myfrienddoesnotindulgeinwhathecalls"flattery,falsepraiseandmellifluouscomments."Whenotherstellfibshewillnotgoalong.Hesaysthatsociallyingislying,thatlittlewhiteliesarestilllies.Andhefeelsthattellingliesismorallywrong.Whataboutyou?
Peace-KeepingLies
8.Manypeopletellpeace-keepinglies:
liesdesignedtoavoidirritationorargument,liesdesignedtosheltertheliarfrompossibleblameorpain;lies（orsoitisrationalized）designedtokeeptroubleatbaywithouthurtinganyone.
9.Itelltheseliesattimes,andyetIalwaysfeelthey'rewrong.Iunderstandwhywetellthem,butstilltheyfeelwrong.AndwheneverIliesothatsomeonewon'tdisapproveofmeorthinklessofmeorholleratme,IfeelI'mabitofacoward,IfeelI'mdodgingresponsibility,Ifeel...guilty.Whataboutyou?
10.Doyou,whenyou'relateforadatebecauseyouoverslept,saythatyou'relatebecauseyougotcaughtinatrafficjam?
11.Doyou,whenyouforgettocallafriend,saythatyoucalledseveraltimesbutthelinewasbusy?
12.Doyou,whenyoudidn'trememberthatitwasyourfather'sbirthday,saythathispresentmustbedelayedinthemail?
13.Andwhenyou'replanningaweekendinNewYorkCityandyou'renotinthemoodtovisityourmother,wholivesthere,doyouconceal—withalie,ifyoumust—thefactthatyou'llbeinNewYork?
Ordoyouhavethecourage—orisitthecruelty?
—tosay,"I'llbeinNewYork,butsorry—Idon'tplanonseeingyou"?
14.（DaveandhiswifeElainehavetwoquitedifferentpointsofviewonthisverysubject.Hecallsheracoward.Shesaysshe'sbeingwise.HesaysshemustassertherrighttovisitNewYorksometimesandnotseehermother.Towhichshealwayspatientlyreplies:
"Whyshouldwehaveuselessfights?
Mymother'stoooldtochange.WegetalongmuchbetterwhenIlietoher."）
15.Finally,doyoukeepthepeacebytellingyourhusbandliesonthesubjectofmoney?
Doyoureducewhatyoureallypaidforyourshoes?
Andingeneraldoyoufindyourselfready,willingandabletolietohimwhenyoumakeabsurdmistakesorloseorbreakthings?
16."Iusedtohavearomanticideathatpartofintimacywasconfessingeverydumbthingthatyoudidtoyourhusband.Butafteracoupleofyearsofthat,"saysLaura,"haveIchangedmymind!
"
17.Andhavingchangedhermind,shefindsherselftellingpeacekeepinglies.Andyes,Itellthemtoo.Whataboutyou?
ProtectiveLies
18.Protectiveliesareliesfolkstell—oftenquiteseriouslies—becausethey'reconvincedthatthetruthwouldbetoodamaging.Theyliebecausetheyfeeltherearecertainhumanvaluesthatsupersedethewrongofhavinglied.Theylie,notforpersonalgain,butbecausetheybelieveit'sforthegoodofthepersonthey'relyingto.Theylietothosetheylove,tothosewhotrustthemmostofall,onthegroundsthatbreakingthistrustisjustified.
19.Theymaylietotheirchildrenonmoneyormaritalmatters.
20.Theymaylietothedyingaboutthestateoftheirhealth.
21.Theymaylietotheirclosestfriendbecausethetruthabouthertalentsorsonorpsychewouldbe—orsotheyinsist—utterlydevastating.
22.Isometimestellsuchlies,butI'mawarethatit'squitepresumptuoustoclaimIknowwhat'sbestforotherstoknow.That'scalledplayingGod.That'scalledmanipulationandcontrol.Andwenevercanbesure,oncewestarttojugglelies,justwherethey'llland,exactlywherethey'llroll.
23.Andfurthermore,wemayfindourselveslyinginordertobackuptheliesthatarebackingupthelieweinitiallytold.
24.Andfurthermore—let'sbehonest—ifconditionswerereversed,wecertainlywouldn'twantanyonelyingtous.
25.Yet,havingsaidallthat,Istillbelievethattherearetimeswhenprotectiveliesmustnonethelessbetold.Whataboutyou?
Trust-KeepingLies
26.Anothergroupofliesaretrust-keepinglies,liesthatinvolvetriangulation,withA（that'syou）tellingliestoBonbehalfofC（whosetrustyou'dpromisedtokeep）.Mostpeopleconcedethatonceyou'veagreednottobetrayafriend'sconfidence,youcan'tbetrayit,evenifyoumustlie.ButI'vetalkedwithpeoplewhodon'twantyoutellingthemanythingthattheymightbecalledontolieabout.
27."Idon'ttellliesformyself,"saysFran,"andIdon'twanttohavetotellthemforotherpeople."Whichmeans,sheagrees,thatifherbestfriendishavinganaffair,sheabsolutelydoesn'twanttoknowaboutit.
28."Areyousaying,"herbestfriendasks,"thatyou'dbetrayme?
"
29.Franisverypainedbutveryadamant."Iwouldn'twanttobetrayyou,so…don'ttellmeanythingaboutit."
30.Fran'sbestfriendisshocked.Whataboutyou?
31.Doyoubelieveyoucanhaveclosefriendsifyou'renotpreparedtoreceivetheirdeepestsecrets?
32.Doyoubelieveyoumustalwayslieforyourfriends?
33.Doyoubelieve,ifyourfriendtellsasecretthatturnsouttobequiteimmoralorillegal,thatonceyou'vepromisedtokeepit,youmustkeepit?
34.Andwhatifyourfriendwereyourboss—ifyouwereperhapsoneofthePresident'smen—wouldyoubetrayorlieforhimover,say,Watergate?
35.Asyoucansee,theseissuesgetterriblysticky.
36.It'smybeliefthatoncewe'vepromisedtokeepatrust,wemusttellliestokeepit.Ialsobelievethatwecan'ttellWatergatelies.Andifthesetwostatementsstrikeyouasquitecontradictory,you'reright—they'requitecontradictory.Butfornowthey'rethebestIcando.Whataboutyou?
37.Therearethosewhohavenotalentforlying.
38."Overtheyears,Itriedtolie,"afriendofmineexplained,"butIalwaysgotfoundoutandIalwaysgotpunished.IguessIgavemyselfawaybecauseIfeelguiltyaboutanykindoflying.ItlooksasifI'mstuckwithtellingthetruth."
39.Forthoseofus,however,whoaregoodattellinglies,forthoseofuswholieanddon'tgetcaught,thequestionofwhetherornottoliecanbeahardandseriousmoralproblem.Ilikedtheremarkofafriendofminewhosaid,"I'mwillingtolie.Butjustasalastresort—thetruth'salwaysbetter."
40."Because,"heexplained,"thoughothersmaycompletelyacceptthelieI'mtelling,Idon't."
41.Itendtofeelthatwaytoo.
42.Whataboutyou?
关于说谎的真相
朱迪斯·维奥斯特
我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题：
关于说谎的问题。
我觉得这个题目很难写。
所有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎——什么事情绝对不可以说谎——持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。
最后我得出结论，我不能下任何定论，因为这样做就会有太多的人立即反对。
我想我还是提出若干都与说谎有关的道义上的难题吧。
我将向读者阐明我对这些难题的个人看法。
你们觉得对吗？
社交性谎言
和我交谈过的大多数人都说，他们认为旨在促进社会交际的谎言是可以接受的，也是必要的。
他们认为这是一种文明的行为。
他们说，要不是这类无关紧要的谎言，人与人之间的关系就会变得粗野不快，无法持久。
他们说，如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏，不由自主地用你的诚实使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，这只能说你是傲慢自大。
对此，我基本赞同。
你呢？
你会不会跟人说：
“我喜欢你的新发型，”“你气色好多了，”“见到你真高兴，”“我玩得很尽兴，”而实际上根本不是这么回事儿？
你会不会对令人憎厌的礼物，或相貌平平的孩子称赞有加？
你婉辞邀请时会不会说“那天晚上我们正好没空——真对不起，我们不能来，”而实际上你是宁肯呆在家里也不想跟某某夫妇一起进餐？
虽然像我那样，你也想用“太丰盛了”这种委婉的托辞，而不是盛赞“那汤味道好极了”（其实味同重新热过的咖啡），但如果你必须赞美那汤，你会说它鲜美吗?
我认识一个人，他完全拒绝说这类社交性谎言。
“我不会那一套，”他说，“我生来就不会那一套。
”讲到对人家说几句好听的话并不失去什么，他的回答是：
“不对，当然有损失——那会损害你的诚信度。
”因此你不问他，他不会对你刚买来的画发表意见，但除非你想听老实话，否则你也不会去问他的真实想法。
当我们这些说谎者轻声称赞着“多美啊”的时候，他的沉默往往是极能说明问题的。
我的这位朋友从来不讲他所说的“奉承话、虚假的赞美话和动听话”。
别人说些无伤大雅的谎言，他则不。
他说社交性谎言还是谎言，无关紧要的小小谎言还是谎言。
他认为说谎不合道德。
你呢？
息事宁人的谎言
不少人为了息事宁人而说谎：
那种意在避免生气或争吵的谎言，意在使说谎者免受可能的责备或烦恼的谎言；意在（或据认为理应）不伤害他人而又能帮助避免麻烦的谎言。
我有时也说这种谎，不过我总觉得不该说。
我知道为什么要说这种谎，但说这种谎终究不对。
每当我为了不让别人讨厌自己、看轻自己、或冲着自己嚷嚷而说谎时，我总觉得自己有点像个懦夫，觉得自己是在逃避责任，觉得……愧疚。
你呢？
你由于睡过头赴约会迟到了，会不会说是因为碰上堵车才晚到的？
你忘了给朋友打电话，会不会谎称打过好几次，可电话老占线？
你忘了父亲的生日，会不会说寄给他的礼物准是给耽搁了？
你打算去纽约市度周末，但又不想去看望住在那里的母亲，你会——必要的话用谎言——隐瞒你将到纽约的事实，还是会勇敢地——或者说狠心地——说：
“我要来纽约，可是抱歉，我不打算来看望你”？
（戴夫和妻子伊莱恩正是在这个问题上有两种颇不相同的观点。
他称她为懦
升级会员 