美国大学生必读书目.docx
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美国大学生必读书目
Walden,and99otherFreeOnlineBooksEveryUniversityStudentShouldRead
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1.Walden;Or,LifeintheWoods《凡尔登湖》byHenryDavidThoreau–Aremarkableaccountofamanseekingamoresimplelifebylivinginharmonywithnature.
2.OntheOriginofSpecies《物种起源》byCharlesDarwin–Thebookthatrevolutionizedthenaturalsciencesandeveryliterary,philosophicalandreligiousthinkerwhofollowed.
3.TheIliad《伊利亚特》byHomer–TheIliadisoneofthetwogreatepicsofHomer,andistypicallydescribedasoneofthegreatestwarstoriesofalltime.
4.SelectedPoemsofEmilyDickinson–TheperfectvolumeforreaderswishingtoexploretheworksofoneofAmerica’sfirstpoets.
5.TheArtofWar《孙子兵法》bySunzi–Abookwhichshouldbeusedtogainadvantageofopponentsintheboardroomandbattlefieldalike.
6.ThePrince《君主论》byNiccoloMachiavelli–ItsessentialcontributiontomodernpoliticalthoughtliesinMachiavelli’sassertionofthethenrevolutionaryideathattheologicalandmoralimperativeshavenoplaceinthepoliticalarena.
7.JaneEyre《简爱》byCharlotteBronte–Asuperbevocationofatimeandplace;Â acomplex,detailedcharacterstudy;abelievableandcompellingplot;and,morethananythingelse,amagnificentlovestory.
8.ATalesofTwoCities《双城记》byCharlesDickens–ThisstoryoftheFrenchRevolutionbringstolifeatimeofterrorandtreason,andastarvingpeoplerisinginfrenzyandhatetooverthrowacorruptanddecadentregime.
9.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》byMarkTwain–Perhapsthebest-lovednineteenth-centuryAmericannovel,MarkTwain’staleofboyhoodadventureoverflowswithcomedy,warmth,andslapstickenergy.
10.TheCountofMonteCristo《基督山伯爵》byAlexandreDumas–Oneofthegreatesttalesofrevengeofalltime.
11.WarandPeace《战争与和平》byLeoTolstoy–AsNapoleon’sarmyinvades,Tolstoybrilliantlyfollowscharactersfromdiversebackgrounds—peasantsandnobility,civiliansandsoldiers—astheystrugglewiththeproblemsuniquetotheirera,theirhistory,andtheirculture.
12.EssaysbyRalphWaldoEmerson–ThewritingsfeaturedhereshowEmersonasaprotesteragainstsocialconformity,aloverofnature,anactivistfortherightsofwomenandslaves,andapoetofgreatsensitivity.
13.WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》byEmilyBronte–Oneofliterature’smostdisturbingexplorationsintothedarksideofromanticpassion.HeathcliffandCathybelievethey’redestinedtoloveeachotherforever,butwhencrueltyandsnobberyseparatethem,theiruntamedemotionsliterallyconsumethem.
14.TheCompleteWorksofWilliamShakespeare《莎士比亚全集》–ShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld’spreeminentdramatist.
15.Apology,Crito,andPhaedoofSocratesbyPlato–ThetrialandcondemnationofSocratesonchargesofheresyandcorruptingyoungmindsisadefiningmomentinthehistoryofClassicalAthens.Intracingtheseeventsthroughfourdialogues,Platoalsodevelopedhisownphilosophy,basedonSocrates’manifestoforalifeguidedbyself-responsibility.
16.SymposiumbyPlato–Platoexplores,throughaseriesofspeeches,thenatureandoriginsofloveandpassion.
17.TheDivineComedy《神曲》byDante–Amovinghumandrama,anunforgettablevisionaryjourneythroughtheinfinitetormentofHell,upthearduousslopesofPurgatory,andontothegloriousrealmofParadise-thesphereofuniversalharmonyandeternalsalvation.
18.ParadiseLost《失乐园》byJohnMilton–ConsideredtobethegreatestepicpoeminEnglishliterature.ItsrootslieintheGenesisaccountoftheworld’screationandAdamandEve’sexpulsionfromEden.
19.Pygmalion《卖花女》byGeorgeBernardShaw–Aperceptivecomedyofwitandwisdomabouttheuniquerelationshipbetweenaspunkycockneyflower-girlandherirasciblespeechprofessor.
20.LeavesofGrass《草叶集》byWaltWhitman–“ThemostextraordinarypieceofwitandwisdomthatAmericahasyetcontributed.”—RalphWaldoEmerson.
21.TheWorksofAristotle–Aristotle’sviewsonthephysicalsciencesprofoundlyshapedmedievalscholarship,andtheirinfluenceextendedwellintotheRenaissance.
22.TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》byGeoffreyChaucer–Thetales,someofwhichareoriginalsandothersnot,arecontainedinsideaframetaleandtoldbyacollectionofpilgrimsonapilgrimagefromLondonBoroughofSoutCanterbury.
23.TheDevil’sDictionary《魔鬼词典》byAmbroseBierce–Biercewasaniconoclasticliterarygeniusandthiscompilationofdefinitions（writtenforasatiricalmagazineduringthe1880s）isatrueAmericanclassic.SomemayfindBiercesexist,nationalistandracist,butmostreaderswillenjoyhismalevolentscepticismandunderlyingrageagainsthypocrisy.
24.20,000LeaguesUndertheSea《海底两万里》byJulesVerne–Agroupofmensetsailtosolvethemysteryofaseamonsterinthisamazingunderwateradventure.
25.MobyDick《白鲸记（莫比迪克）》byHermanMelville–Amasterpieceofstorytellingandsymbolicrealism,thisthrillingadventureandepicsagapitsAhab,abroodingseacaptain,againstthegreatwhitewhalethatcrippledhim.
26.HeartofDarkness《黑暗的心
27.》byJosephConrad–Exploringtheworkingsofconsciousnessaswellasthegrimrealitiesofimperialism,HeartofDarknesstellsofMarlow,aseamanandwanderer,whojourneysintotheheartoftheAfricancontinenttodiscoverhowtheenigmaticKurtzhasgainedpoweroverthelocalpeople.
28.Dr.JekyllandMr.HydebyRobertLouisStevenson–Thisdarkpsychologicalfantasyisalsoaproductofitstime,drawingoncontemporarytheoriesofclass,evolution,criminality,andsecretlives.
29.Voltaire’sPhilosophicalDictionary–Aseriesofshort,radicalessays–alphabeticallyarranged–thatformabrilliantandbitteranalysisofthesocialandreligiousconventionsthatthendominatedeighteenth-centuryFrenchthought.
30.CandidebyVoltaire–InthestoryofthetrialsandtravailsoftheyouthfulCandide,hismentorDr.Pangloss,andahostofothercharacters,Voltairemercilesslysatirizesandexposesromance,science,philosophy,religionandgovernment.
31.TheHunchbackofNotreDamebyVictorHugo–Anepictaleofbeautyandsadness,TheHunchbackofNotreDameportraysthesufferingsofhumanitywithcompassionandpower.
32.LesMiserablesbyVictorHugo–InthisstoryofthetrialsofthepeasantJeanValjean–amanunjustlyimprisoned,baffledbydestiny,andhoundedbyhisnemesis,themagnificentlyrealized,ambiguouslymalevolentpolicedetectiveJavert–Hugoachievesthesortofrareimaginativeresonancethatallowsaworkofarttotranscenditsgenre.
33.FatherGoriotbyHonoredeBalzac–Amasterfulstudyofafatherwhosesacrificesforhisdaughtershavebecomeacompulsion,thisnovelmarksBalzac’s“realentrée”intoLaComédieHumaine,hisseriesofalmostonehundrednovelsandshortstoriesmeanttodepict“thewholepell-mellofcivilization.”
34.TheAtheist’sMassbyHonoredeBalzac–Bianchon,whowaswithDespleinallthroughhislastillness,daresnotaffirmtothisdaythatthegreatsurgeondiedanatheist.
35.CrimeandPunishmentbyFyodorDostoevsky–Dostoyevsky’sfirstmasterpiece,thenovelisapsychologicalanalysisofthepoorstudentRaskolnikov,whosetheorythathumanitarianendsjustifyevilmeansleadshimtomurderaSt.Petersburgpawnbroker.
36.NotesFromtheUndergroundbyFyodorDostoevsky–Violatingliteraryconventionsinwaysneverbeforeattempted,thisclassictellsofamid-19th-centuryRussianofficial’sbreakawayfromsocietyanddescent“underground”.
37.PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAusten–ThestoryoffiercelyindependentElizabethBennet,oneoffivesisterswhomustmarryrich,assheconfoundsthearrogant,wealthyMr.Darcy.
38.SenseandSensibilitybyJaneAusten–Awonderfullyentertainingtaleofflirtationandfollythatrevolvesaroundtwostarklydifferentsisters,ElinorandMarianneDashwood.
39.TheTaoTeChingbyLaozi–ReportedlywrittenbyasagenamedLaoTzuover2,500yearsago,theTaoTeChingisoneofthemostsuccinct–andyetamongthemostprofound–spiritualtextseverwritten.
40.FrankensteinbyMaryShelley–Ascientist,VictorFrankenstein,wholearnshowtocreatelifeandcreatesabeinginthelikenessofman,butlargerthanaverageandmorepowerful
41.TheCompleteWorksofP.B.Shelley–OneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.
42.RobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe–Theoldstorystillstandsupasoneofthebestadventureyarnsforchildrenwhoareinterestedintalesofshipwreck.
43.MollFlandersbyDanielDefoe–Defoe’sexcellenceitis,tomakemeforgetmyspecificclass,character,andcircumstances,andtoraisemewhileIreadhim,intotheuniversalman.
44.Gulliver’sTravelsbyJonathanSwift–ShipwreckedcastawayLemuelGulliver’sencounterswiththepetty,diminutiveLilliputians,thecrudegiantsofBrobdingnag,theabstractedscientistsofLaputa,thephilosophicalHouyhnhnms,andthebrutishYahoosgivehimnew,bitterinsightsintohumanbehavior.
45.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwain–HuckleberryFinnhadatoughlifewithhisdrunkfatheruntil
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