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完整考研英语真题及答案解析推荐文档
2000年全真试题
PartⅠCloseTest
Directions:
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)
①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:
asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.[139words]
1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan
2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince
3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards
4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose
5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise
6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels
7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient
[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained
8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek
9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio
10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequently
PartⅡReadingComprehension
Directions:
Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)
Passage1
①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:
ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦(12)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.
①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.
①Howthingshavechanged!
②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③(14)FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”[429words]
11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.
[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal
[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore
[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors
[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy
12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.
[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket
[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises
[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions
[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket
13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.
[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.
[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.
[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.
14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.
[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry
[C]improvedbusinessmanagement[D]successineducation
Passage2
①(15)Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.
①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:
stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥(16)Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.
Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤(17)Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:
they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]
15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.
[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.
16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?
[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.
[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.
[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.
[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.
17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.
[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance
[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining
[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution
[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing
18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.
[B]WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.
[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.
[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.
Passage3
①(20)Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.
①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:
foracentury,pastcondi