人教版高中英语选修8课时作业 3Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading.docx

人教版高中英语选修8课时作业 3Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading.docx

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人教版高中英语选修8课时作业3PeriodOneWarmingUpPrereadingandReading

单元检测卷

（一）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第Ⅰ卷

第一部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Americancultureisuniquebecauseitisformedanddevelopedundercertainconditions.Themajorfactorscontributingtothemakingofthisnewnationandtheformingofanewculturearethehardenvironment，ethnicdiversity（多民族）andpluralreligion，whichisquitedifferentfromothernationsintheworld.Whatismore，theseelementsarestillinfluencingtheAmericanculture.

TheearlyimmigrantswhowereEnglishPuritanssettleddowninnortheastpartofAmerica.From1607to1892，frontierswerepushedfurtherwest.Thefrontiersmenlookedforalandofrichresourcesandalandofpromise，opportunityandfreedom.Actuallytheylookedforabetterlife.Soindividualism，selfreliance，andequalityofopportunityhaveperhapsbeenthevaluesmostcloselyassociatedwiththefrontierheritageofAmerica.

Inhistory，peoplefromdifferentcountriesintheworldrushedtoAmericathreetimes.TheybroughttheirownculturetoAmericaandlaterondifferentculturesweremixedtogether.ThustheuniqueAmericancultureisformed，acommonculturallifewithcommonlysharedvalues.

ThefundamentalAmericanbeliefinindividualfreedomandthefightofindividualstopracticetheirownreligionisatthecenterofreligiousexperienceintheUnitedStates.Thegreatdiversityofethnicbackgroundshasproducedreligiouspluralism；almostallofthereligionsoftheworldarenowpracticedintheUnitedStates.

Nowadays，wecanseethecontinualinfluenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansociety.Americanfamilyistypicallyparentsandtheirunmarriedchildren.Middleagedandelderlypeoplegenerallydonotlivewiththeirmarriedchildren.ThepeopleinAmericahaveaverystrongdesiretostartanewlifeinanewplace.Quiteanumberofpeoplechangeresidenceseveryyear.OnaverageanAmericanmovesfourteentimesinhislifetime.

1．AmericancultureisuniquebecauseofthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT.

A．hardenvironment

B．ethnicdiversity

C．pluralreligion

D．advancedmodernization

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

由第一段第二句可知选D。

2．Wecanlearnfromthisarticlethat.

A．thefrontiersmenleftimportantsocietyvaluesforAmericanculture

B．theearlyimmigrantsbroughtabouttheuniqueAmericanculture

C．peopleintheworldoncerushedtoAmericabecauseofitsuniqueculture

D．theAmericanfamilymembersdon’tgetalongwellwitheachother

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段的叙述尤其是最后一句可知，美国的早期移民为美国文化留下了包括“individualism，selfreliance，andequalityofopportunity”在内的社会价值观（societyvalues）。

故选A。

3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanculture?

A．Heiscriticalofit.

B．Headmiresitverymuch.

C．Hejuststatesthefacts.

D．Helooksdownuponit.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

纵观全文可以看出，作者只是客观的叙述了美国独特的文化形成的原因、背景，以及当今影响美国文化的三大因素等，并没有对此作出评论，故选C。

4．Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthisarticle?

A．TheImmigrantsinAmerica

B．WhyAmericanCultureIsUnique

C．TheInfluenceofAmericanCulture

D．PluralReligionandAmericanCulture

答案　B

解析　标题归纳题。

纵观全文可以看出，文章开篇点题，第一句就告诉了文章的主题：

“Americancultureisuniquebecauseitisformedanddevelopedundercertainconditions.”然后全文围绕这一主题展开论述，向我们讲述美国独特的文化形成的原因。

故选B。

B

YoumayhaveheardthatAmericanslikehotdogsandhamburgersbestofallfoods.Well，farmersandownersofpubliceatingplacesmighthappilyagree.Butpeoplewhosefavoritesarepizzaandapplepiewouldgivethemeatloversaspiritedargument!

Ahotdogisusuallymadefrompork，themeatofapigorbeef.Anotherversionofahotdoghasnomeatatall.Itoftencontainsbeancurd（豆腐）．

Americansalsoeatlotsofhamburgers.Thisgroundmeatcomesfrombeef.Itcanbecookedinmanyways.Likehotdogs，hamburgersareafavoritepicnicfood.

Americansalsobuyormakelargeamountsofpizza.Abasicpizzacontainstomatosauceorcheese，orboth，onabreadlikematerial.

SpaghettiisatraditionalItalianfavoritethatalsohasbecomeanAmericanfavorite.Itismadefromflourandwaterandsometimeseggs.Thisdough（生面团）ispulledintolengthsandboiled.

Anotherfavoritefood，macaroni，issimilartospaghetti.Peoplesometimescallthisdish“comfortfood”，becauseitmakesthemfeelbetter.

Likepeopleinmanypartsoftheworld，Americanslovepie.Thesesweetdisheshavefruit，nutsorsomeotherfillinginacrust.Somepeoplesaypiesarethebestcomfortfoodever.Piecanbethemostinvitingfoodever.Aredstrawberrypieoragreenoryellowlimepiecandefeatthestrongestwillofpeopletryingtoloseweight.ButapplepiemaybeatopAmericanfavorite.WhensomeoneorsomethingseemsespeciallyAmerican，peoplesayitis“asAmericanasapplepie”．

5．What’sthemeaningofthelastsentenceinthefirstparagraph?

A．Allpeopledon’ttakehotdogsandhamburgersastheirfavorites.

B．Peoplebelievepizzaandapplepiearenobetterthanhotdogsandhamburgers.

C．Loversofpizzaandapplepiedon’tliketoeatmeatatall.

D．Hotdogsandhamburgersarenothealthierthanpizzaandapplepies.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

你可能听说过美国人喜欢热狗和汉堡包，这只是部分人的爱好，但是那些喜爱比萨饼和苹果派的素食者可能会与肉食者有一场激烈的争论。

A项为部分否定，意为“并非所有的人都把热狗和汉堡包作为他们最喜爱的食物”，符合文意。

6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．SpaghettihasitsrootsinAmerica.

B．Hotdogsareafavoritepicnicfoodmadefrompork.

C．ApplepiehascometobesomehowlinkedtoAmerica.

D．PeopleinmanyothercountriesdonotlikepieasmuchasAmericans.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章最后两句“ButapplepiemaybeatopAmericanfavorite.WhensomeoneorsomethingseemsespeciallyAmerican，peoplesayitis‘asAmericanasapplepie’．”可知答案为C。

7．What’stheshapeof“macaroni”accordingtothispassage?

A．Round.B．Square.

C．Line.D．Oval（椭圆的）．

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第五、六段“Thisdough（生面团）ispulledintolengthsandboiled.Anotherfavoritefood，macaroni，issimilartospaghetti.”可知macaroni与意大利面条相似，也是一种面条。

故选C。

8．Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A．favoritefoodsinAmerica

B．foodscreatedbyAmericans

C．popularforeignfoodsinAmerica

D．thedifferencesbetweenvariedfoods

答案　A

解析　主旨大意题。

本文主要讲述了美国人喜爱的各种食物。

C

Humanbeingsarethemostintelligentofallanimalsbecausewearegiftedwiththeabilitytothinkandreasonlogically.Scientistsandevencommonpeoplewithspecialintelligencehavemadealotofinventionsandcontributionstomodernlifestyleinthepastandevennow.

Manyhouseholditemshavebeentheresultofinventionsofpeoplewhodesiredbetterfunctioningoftheexistentproducts.Everyindividualhasintelligenceandifitisusedproperlyfortherightpurposeitleadstoinventionofanewtoolordevice.Manynewhouseholdinventionsaremadealmosteverydayandtherearespecificcompanies，whichparticularlykeeparecordofalltheseinventions.

Alotofinventionshavebeenmaderecentlyinthehouseholdfield.Theseproductsarepatented（专利的）andhavetrademarklicenses.Thepatentedslidingcinchisaverysimplebuteffectivemethodtopreventshoulderstressandinjuryforthosewhoworkbeforecomputersalldaylong.VanityPCisatypeofcomputerfurniturethatspecificallyhidesallthecomputerwiresandkeepsacleanandgoodlook.Alltheoutdoordust，mudandsnowcanbekeptoutofthehousebyinstalling（安装）thedirtdrain（排水管）attheentranceofthedoor.Anotherimportantinventionistheautomatictoiletnightlight，inwhichasmalllightstartswhenthelidofthetoiletseatisopenedandclosesassoonasthelidisclosed.

Thesearesomeofthenewhouseholdinventionsinventedmostlybycommonpeople.Thus，avarietyofnewhouseholditemsareinventedeveryday，whichhelpinabetterfunctioningofhouseholdchoresandinamoreusefulmanner.

9．Thefirstparagraphisintendedto.

A．stresstheimportanceofinventions

B．introducethetopicofthearticle

C．showtheadvantagesofmodernlifestyle

D．tellthedifferencesbetweenhumanbeingsandanimals

答案　B

解析　写作目的题。

整个第一段内容都是为引出下文做好铺垫。

10．Accordingtothepassage，peoplemakehouseinventionsto.

A．earnmoremoneyandgainawards

B．accumulatetheirwealth

C．improvethepresentlivingconditions

D．meetthenewdemandsofnewscience

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

从第二段第一句“Manyhouseholditemshavebeentheresultofinventionsofpeoplewhodesiredbetterfunctioningoftheexistentproducts.”可知，人们发明家居用品的目的就在于改善生活条件。

故选C。

11．Itcanbeinferredthattheslidingcinchisusedto.

A．preventyourshoulderfrombeingoverpressured

B．keepyourshouldersafeandsoundinanaccidentoranoperation

C．helpyoupracticeyourshouldermoreoftenandreduceshoulderpains

D．coveryourshoulderandmakeitstrongertoresisttheoutsidestrike

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

由第三段第三句中的“...topreventshoulderstressandinjury...”可知A项正确。

12．Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A．thecorrectuseofhouseholdfacilities

B．differentideasabouthouseholdinventions

C．thehistoryofhouseholdinventions

D．householdinventionsandtheirinfluence

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

文章提到各种发明的成因、过程和影响，构成了文章的主体内容。

D

Inthe19thcenturyAmericansfromtheeasternstatesmovedoutwesttosettleintherichnewlandsalongthePacificCoast.Themostdifficultpartoftheirtripwascrossingthe“GreatAmericanDesert”inthewesternpartoftheUnitedStates.

Thewesterndesertcanbeverydangerous.Thereislittlewaterandtherearefewtrees.Butthedesertalsohassceneryofgreatbeauty.Talltowersofredandyellowstonesrisesharplyfromtheflat，sandyvalleyfloor.

AtLakePowell，theredstonearch（拱）ofRainbowBridgeriseshighabovethebluelake.ManyareasofLakePowell’sshorecanonlybereachedbyboatoronfoot.ButhikerssometimesfindveryoldnativeAmericanpictures，paintedontherocks.

InDeathValley，California，thesummertemperaturerisesto130～165degreesFahrenheit.Thereislessthantwoinchesofraineachyear.Inthe1800s，manytravelersdiedwhenthe