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最简方案框架下英汉分裂句句法语义研究DOC
最简方案框架下英汉分裂句句法—语义研究罗洋西安理工大学
分类号
UDC
密级
学号
硕士学位论文
论文题目：
最简方案框架下英汉分裂句
句法—语义研究
专业：
外国语言学及应用语言学
界别：
2013
姓名：
罗洋
导师：
尹丕安
原创性声明
Contents
Abstract
摘要
ListofFigures
Abbreviations&Symbols
Chapter1INTRDUCTION…………………………………………………………..
1.1ResearchBackground………………………………………………………….
1.2ResearchSignificance………………………………………………………….
1.3SourcesoftheData…………………………………………………………….
1.4OrganizationoftheThesis……………………………………………………..
Chapter2LITERATUREREVIEW………………………………………………..
2.1StudiesofMinimalistProgram
2.1.1StudiesofMinimalistProgramAbroad………….……………………….
2.1.2StudiesofMinimalistProgramatHome…………………………………
2.2StudiesofCleftSentences………………………………………………………
2.2.1StudiesofCleftSentencesAbroad……………………………………….
2.2.2StudiesofCleftSentencesatHome...………………….…………………
Chapter3THEORETICALFRAMEWORK………………………………………
3.1MinimalistProgram……………………………………………………………
3.1.1DevelopmentStagesofGenerativeGrammar……………………………
3.1.2TheoreticalConnotationsofMinimalistProgram………………………..
3.2CleftSentences………………………………………………………………….
3.2.1CharacteristicsofCleftSentences………………………………………..
3.2.2UniversalityandIndividualityofCleftSentencesinEnglishandChineseLanguages……………………………………………………………………...........
3.3MinimalistProgramandCleftSentences………….……………………………
3.3.1RelationshipbetweenMPandCleftSentences…………………………...
3.3.2ExplanatoryPowerofMPforCleftSentences…………………………..
Chapter4SYNTAXANDSEMANTICSOFCLEFTSENTENCESSINBOTH THEENGLSIHANDCHINESELANGUAGES…………………………………...
4.1ConstructionofEnglishandChineseCleftSentences………………………….
4.1.1ConstructionofEnglishCleftSentences………………………………….
4.1.2ConstructionofChineseCleftSentences…………………………………
4.1.3ContrastiveAnalysisofConstructionofEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………………………………………………………………………
4.2Pseudo-CleftSentencesandtheirSyntacticFeatures…………………………..
4.2.1ConstructionofEnglishPseudo-CleftSentences………………………...
4.2.2ConstructionofChinesePseudo-CleftSentences…………………..........
4.2.3ContrastiveAnalysisofPseudo-CleftsentencesinEnglishandChineseLanguages……………………………………………………………………….......
4.3SyntacticFeaturesinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences…………………….
4.3.1TheLinkVerb“Is”inEnglishCleftSentences……………………..........
4.3.2TheFeaturesof“是”inChineseCleftSentences………………………...
4.3.3TheSubjectinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences.………………........
4.4FocusMovementanditsLogicalFormulainEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………………………………………………………………………
4.4.1FocusMovementanditsLogicalForminEnglishCleftSentences..........
4.4.2FocusMovementanditsLogicalForminChineseCleftSentences……..
4.4.3ContrastiveAnalysisofFocusMovementinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………………………………………………………………………
4.5SemanticIssuesinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences………………………
4.5.1TruthValueinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………….........
4.5.2PresuppositioninEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………….....
4.5.3EntailmentinEnglishandChineseCleftSentences……………………...
Chapter 5CONCLUSIONS…..…………………………………………………........
5.1ResearchFindings………………………………………………………………
5.2ResearchLimitations.…………………………………………………………..
5.3ImplicationsforFurtherStudies…..………………………………………........
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….......
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………
Publication……………………………………………………………………………..
Abstract
DespitethefactthattheEnglishandChineselanguages,whichbelongtodifferentlanguagesystems,possessstrikingdifferences,theydosharesomesimilarities.Theuniquesentencepattern,cleftsentences,isacaseinpoint.AfactthatshouldbenotedisthatthestructureofChinesecleftsentencesandthisoftheEnglishlanguagearegreatlydifferent.InEnglish,thereisafixedstructureinbothcleftsentencesandthepseudo-cleftsentences.Thepurposeistoputemphasisondifferentsentenceconstituents.Bymovingdifferentfocuses,thewholesentencecangetdifferentmeanings.However,intheChineselanguage,therearemorethanonewaytomarkthefocusincleftsentencesandthepseudo-cleftsentences.
Linguistsbothathomeandabroadhavedonemuchresearchoncleftsentencesfromdifferentperspectives,andtheyhaveachievedconsiderableachievements,however,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovementinsomeareasofthisbranchofstudy,forinstance,thecombinationofsyntaxandsemanticsofcleftsentencesandalsotheanalysisofdailylifelanguagematerials,etc.Inrecentyears,Syntax-SemanticsInterfacehasbecomeanimportantsubjectofmodernlinguisticstudy.Accordingly,withintheframeworkofMinimalistProgram,andbasedontherelevantconceptsofsemantics,thepresentthesiswillexpoundandanalyzeindepththecleftsentencesofboththeEnglishandChineselanguagesinacontrastivemanner.
Thisthesisisintendedtodoresearchesinthefollowingaspects:
firstly,itexplicatestheconstructionofcleftsentencesbothinEnglishandChineselanguages,andtheclassificationsofcleftsentencesandpseudo-cleftsentences.Secondly,itmakescontrastiveanalysesoftheEnglishandChinesecleftsentencesfromtheperspectiveofsyntax.Thirdly,itexaminesthefocusmovementofEnglishandChinesecleftsentences,anditalsomakesadescriptionofthelogicalformofcleftsentences.Lastbutnotleast,withthecombinationofsemantictruth-value,semanticpresuppositions,andsemanticentailment,thisstudyanalyzesEnglishandChinesecleftsentencescomprehensively.
Itistruethatbothuniversalityandindividualityexistsineverything,andlanguageisnoexception.ThecomparisonbetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesisworthwhileinthatithelpsshedlightonthetwolanguages.Bywayofobservationandanalyses,itisfoundthat,inspiteofthedifferences,theuniversalityismoreprevalentthantheindividualityinthetwolanguages.Thus,thecomparisonbetweentwolanguagesisfairlysignificantandmeaningful.Generallyspeaking,thepresentstudy,thecontrastiveanalysisofcleftsentencesbetweentheEnglishandChineselanguageswithintheframeworkofMinimalistProgram,isvaluableattwolevels:
fromthemacrolevel,canhelpusbetterunderstandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofcleftsentencesstructure;fromthemicrolevel,ithelpstodeepenourknowledgeaboutthenatureofEnglishandChineselanguages.
Keywords：
MinimalistProgram;Syntax;Cleftsentences;Semantics;Focus
摘要
分裂句是英语和汉语两种语言中都存在的一种特殊句型，隶属于不同语系的英汉两种语言虽然差异很大，但也存在着一些相似的地方，具有强调作用的分裂句，就是一个很好的例子，只是英汉分裂句有着不同的结构。
在英语中，分裂句和准分裂句都有一个固定的结构，其目的就是通过焦点的移动，来强调相应的句子成分，从而得以体现语义的变化；而汉语中的分裂句和准分裂句则采取不同的手段来凸显焦点。
国内外语言学家从不同角度对英汉语分裂句的结构进行研究，取得了一些成果，但是在诸如句法与语义，以及实际语料的分析方面仍然需要做进一步研究。
近年来，句法—语义接口也是现代语言学研究中的一个重要课题。
有鉴于此，本论文以乔姆斯基的最简方案为理论框架，并结合语义学的相关概念，拟对英汉语分裂句进行深入的对比分析。
本论文主要进行以下几个方面的研究：
首先阐述英汉语中分裂句的构成，包括分裂句和准分裂句的划分；其次从句法方面对英汉语分裂句进行对比分析；再次，考察了英汉分裂句的焦点移位，并对两种语言中的分裂句进行逻辑式的描写；最后，从语义真值，语义预设和语义蕴涵三个方面，对英汉语分裂句进行深入分析。
事物之间都存在着共性与个性的关系，语言亦复如此。
英汉语言之间的对比有着十分重要的作用，能够让我们更好地理解这两种语言。
通过观察和分析，我们发现，英汉两种语言具有相似性，其共性大于个性，因此对两种语言进行比较研究是很有意义的。
从宏观上来说，运用最简方案理论对英汉语分裂句的结构进行对比研究，可以帮助我们理解英汉分裂句句型结构上的异同，从微观上来说，可以加深我们对这两种语言本质上的认识。
关键词：
最简方案；句法；分裂句；语义学；焦点
ListsofFigures
Figure1……………………………………………………………………………
Figure2…………………………………………………………………………….
Figure3……………………………………………………………………………
Figure4…………………………………………………………………………....
Figure5……………………………………………………………………………
Figure6…………………………………………………………………………...
Figure7……………………………………………………………………………
Figure8…………………………………………………………………………….
Figure9…………………………………………………………………………….
Figure10……………………………………………………………………………
Abbreviations&Symbols
Agr…………………………………………………….…………Agreement/一致
C…………………………………………………………Complementizer/标句语
CP…………………………………..………ComplementizerPhrase/标句语短语
D………………………………………………………………Determiner/限定词
DP………………………………………..………DeterminerPhrase/限定词短语
D-Structure…………………………….……………….DeepStructure/深层结构
EPP……………………..…………ExtendedProjectionPrinciple/扩展投射原则
FI……………………………………………………FullInterpretation/充分解释
GB…………………………...……………GovernmentandBinding/管辖与约束
Infl…………………………………………………………Inflection/屈折变化词
LEX……………………………………………….…………………Lexicon/词库
LF…………………………………………..…………………LogicForm/逻辑式
MP…………………………………………………MinimalistProgram/最简方案
NP…………………………………………….……………NounPhrase/名词短语
PF…………………………………………...………………PhoneticForm/语音式
Φfeatures………………………………………………….…………………phi-特征
PP……………………………………………….……PrepositionPhrase/介词短语
S-Structure……………………………………….…....SurfaceStructure/表层结构
T……………………………………………………………………...Tense/体态词
TP……………………………………………………..……TensePhrase/时态短语
UG………………………………………………..…UniversalGrammar/普遍语法
V………………………………………………………….………………Verb/动词
VP……………………………………………………………VerbPhrase/动词短语
*………………………………………ungrammaticalorunacceptable/不合语法的
Chapter1INTRODUCTION
1.1ResearchBackground
Asawidelyusedtechnique,emphasizingisthemostpopularwaytoexpressspeaker’sintension.Itmakeslistenerunderstandeasilyaboutwhatthespeakerwanttosay.Differentpeoplelikeusingdifferentmethodstoexpressemphaticmeaning.Cleftsentencesareoneofthemostpopularways.
Foralongtime,cleftsentencesinEnglishandChineselanguageshavebeenaheatedtopicamonglinguisticsresearchfield.Fromdifferentperspectivesandtheories,thereareconsiderablepapersandbookspublished.CleftsentencesexistsbothinEnglishandChineselanguages.Itisanefficientandconvenientwaytostudylanguagethroughasmallpoint.BecauseChineseandEnglishlanguagesarebelongingtodifferentlanguagefamilies,whenwestudyonasentencepatternthatbothexistintwodifferentlanguages,itcanhelpusunderstandtwodifferentlanguagesthoroughly.
Fromthemacrol
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