最简方案框架下英汉分裂句句法语义研究DOC.docx

1、最简方案框架下英汉分裂句句法语义研究DOC最简方案框架下英汉分裂句句法语义研究 罗 洋 西安理工大学分类号 UDC密 级学 号 硕士学位论文 论文题目：最简方案框架下英汉分裂句 句法语义研究 专 业： 外国语言学及应用语言学 界 别： 2013 姓 名： 罗 洋 导 师： 尹丕安 原创性声明ContentsAbstract摘 要List of FiguresAbbreviations & SymbolsChapter 1 INTRDUCTION. 1.1 Research Background. 1.2 Research Significance. 1.3 Sources of the Dat

2、a. 1.4 Organization of the Thesis.Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.2.1 Studies of Minimalist Program 2.1.1 Studies of Minimalist Program Abroad. 2.1.2 Studies of Minimalist Program at Home2.2 Studies of Cleft Sentences2.2.1 Studies of Cleft Sentences Abroad.2.2.2 Studies of Cleft Sentences at Home.Chapte

3、r 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK3.1 Minimalist Program3.1.1 Development Stages of Generative Grammar3.1.2 Theoretical Connotations of Minimalist Program. 3.2 Cleft Sentences. 3.2.1 Characteristics of Cleft Sentences. 3.2.2 Universality and Individuality of Cleft Sentences in English and Chinese Languages.

4、3.3 Minimalist Program and Cleft Sentences. 3.3.1 Relationship between MP and Cleft Sentences. 3.3.2 Explanatory Power of MP for Cleft Sentences.Chapter 4 SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF CLEFT SENTENCESS IN BOTHTHE ENGLSIH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES.4.1 Construction of English and Chinese Cleft Sentences.4.1.1 C

5、onstruction of English Cleft Sentences.4.1.2 Construction of Chinese Cleft Sentences4.1.3 Contrastive Analysis of Construction of English and Chinese Cleft Sentences4.2 Pseudo-Cleft Sentences and their Syntactic Features. 4.2.1 Construction of English Pseudo-Cleft Sentences. 4.2.2 Construction of Ch

6、inese Pseudo-Cleft Sentences. 4.2.3 Contrastive Analysis of Pseudo-Cleft sentences in English and Chinese Languages.4.3 Syntactic Features in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences.4.3.1 The Link Verb “Is” in English Cleft Sentences. 4.3.2 The Features of “是” in Chinese Cleft Sentences. 4.3.3 The Subje

7、ct in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences.4.4 Focus Movement and its Logical Formula in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences 4.4.1 Focus Movement and its Logical Form in English Cleft Sentences.4.4.2 Focus Movement and its Logical Form in Chinese Cleft Sentences.4.4.3 Contrastive Analysis of Focus Mo

8、vement in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences4.5 Semantic Issues in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences 4.5.1 Truth Value in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences.4.5.2 Presupposition in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences. 4.5.3 Entailment in English and Chinese Cleft Sentences.Chapter5 CONCLUSIONS.5

9、.1 Research Findings 5.2 Research Limitations.5.3 Implications for Further Studies.Bibliography.AcknowledgementsPublication.AbstractDespite the fact that the English and Chinese languages, which belong to different language systems, possess striking differences, they do share some similarities. The

10、unique sentence pattern, cleft sentences, is a case in point. A fact that should be noted is that the structure of Chinese cleft sentences and this of the English language are greatly different. In English, there is a fixed structure in both cleft sentences and the pseudo-cleft sentences. The purpos

11、e is to put emphasis on different sentence constituents. By moving different focuses, the whole sentence can get different meanings. However, in the Chinese language, there are more than one way to mark the focus in cleft sentences and the pseudo-cleft sentences.Linguists both at home and abroad hav

12、e done much research on cleft sentences from different perspectives, and they have achieved considerable achievements, however, there is still much room for improvement in some areas of this branch of study, for instance, the combination of syntax and semantics of cleft sentences and also the analys

13、is of daily life language materials, etc. In recent years, Syntax-Semantics Interface has become an important subject of modern linguistic study. Accordingly, within the framework of Minimalist Program, and based on the relevant concepts of semantics, the present thesis will expound and analyze in d

14、epth the cleft sentences of both the English and Chinese languages in a contrastive manner. This thesis is intended to do researches in the following aspects: firstly, it explicates the construction of cleft sentences both in English and Chinese languages, and the classifications of cleft sentences

15、and pseudo-cleft sentences. Secondly, it makes contrastive analyses of the English and Chinese cleft sentences from the perspective of syntax. Thirdly, it examines the focus movement of English and Chinese cleft sentences, and it also makes a description of the logical form of cleft sentences. Last

16、but not least, with the combination of semantic truth-value, semantic presuppositions, and semantic entailment, this study analyzes English and Chinese cleft sentences comprehensively.It is true that both universality and individuality exists in everything, and language is no exception. The comparis

17、on between English and Chinese languages is worthwhile in that it helps shed light on the two languages. By way of observation and analyses, it is found that, in spite of the differences, the universality is more prevalent than the individuality in the two languages. Thus, the comparison between two

18、 languages is fairly significant and meaningful. Generally speaking, the present study, the contrastive analysis of cleft sentences between the English and Chinese languages within the framework of Minimalist Program, is valuable at two levels: from the macro level, can help us better understand the

19、 similarities and differences of cleft sentences structure; from the micro level, it helps to deepen our knowledge about the nature of English and Chinese languages.Key words：Minimalist Program; Syntax; Cleft sentences; Semantics; Focus摘 要分裂句是英语和汉语两种语言中都存在的一种特殊句型，隶属于不同语系的英汉两种语言虽然差异很大，但也存在着一些相似的地方，具有

20、强调作用的分裂句，就是一个很好的例子，只是英汉分裂句有着不同的结构。在英语中，分裂句和准分裂句都有一个固定的结构，其目的就是通过焦点的移动，来强调相应的句子成分，从而得以体现语义的变化；而汉语中的分裂句和准分裂句则采取不同的手段来凸显焦点。国内外语言学家从不同角度对英汉语分裂句的结构进行研究，取得了一些成果，但是在诸如句法与语义，以及实际语料的分析方面仍然需要做进一步研究。近年来，句法语义接口也是现代语言学研究中的一个重要课题。有鉴于此，本论文以乔姆斯基的最简方案为理论框架，并结合语义学的相关概念，拟对英汉语分裂句进行深入的对比分析。本论文主要进行以下几个方面的研究：首先阐述英汉语中分裂句的构

21、成，包括分裂句和准分裂句的划分；其次从句法方面对英汉语分裂句进行对比分析；再次，考察了英汉分裂句的焦点移位，并对两种语言中的分裂句进行逻辑式的描写；最后，从语义真值，语义预设和语义蕴涵三个方面，对英汉语分裂句进行深入分析。事物之间都存在着共性与个性的关系，语言亦复如此。英汉语言之间的对比有着十分重要的作用，能够让我们更好地理解这两种语言。通过观察和分析，我们发现，英汉两种语言具有相似性，其共性大于个性，因此对两种语言进行比较研究是很有意义的。从宏观上来说，运用最简方案理论对英汉语分裂句的结构进行对比研究，可以帮助我们理解英汉分裂句句型结构上的异同，从微观上来说，可以加深我们对这两种语言本质上的

22、认识。关键词：最简方案；句法；分裂句；语义学；焦点 Lists of FiguresFigure 1 Figure 2.Figure 3 Figure 4 .Figure 5 Figure 6 .Figure 7 Figure 8.Figure 9.Figure 10Abbreviations & SymbolsAgr.Agreement / 一致 CComplementizer / 标句语 CP.Complementizer Phrase / 标句语短语 DDeterminer / 限定词 DP.Determiner Phrase / 限定词短语 D-Structure.Deep Struc

23、ture / 深层结构 EPP.Extended Projection Principle / 扩展投射原则 FIFull Interpretation / 充分解释 GB.Government and Binding / 管辖与约束 InflInflection / 屈折变化词 LEX.Lexicon / 词库 LF.Logic Form / 逻辑式 MPMinimalist Program / 最简方案 NP.Noun Phrase / 名词短语 PF.Phonetic Form / 语音式 features.phi-特征 PP.Preposition Phrase / 介词短语 S-St

24、ructure.Surface Structure / 表层结构 T.Tense / 体态词TP.Tense Phrase / 时态短语 UG.Universal Grammar / 普遍语法 V.Verb / 动词 VPVerb Phrase / 动词短语 *ungrammatical or unacceptable / 不合语法的 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Research BackgroundAs a widely used technique, emphasizing is the most popular way to express speakers in

25、tension. It makes listener understand easily about what the speaker want to say. Different people like using different methods to express emphatic meaning. Cleft sentences are one of the most popular ways.For a long time, cleft sentences in English and Chinese languages have been a heated topic amon

26、g linguistics research field. From different perspectives and theories, there are considerable papers and books published. Cleft sentences exists both in English and Chinese languages. It is an efficient and convenient way to study language through a small point. Because Chinese and English languages are belonging to different language families, when we study on a sentence pattern that both exist in two different languages, it can help us understand two different languages thoroughly.From the macro l