高一英语名词性从句讲解2.docx
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高一英语名词性从句讲解2
名词性从句
1.种类
2.宾语从句的时态。
3.that什么情况下可以省略,什么情况下不可以省略。
4.whether和if什么时候可以互换,什么时候不可以互换。
5.如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。
完成以下题目,并分别指出它们是什么从句
1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If
2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what
3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.
A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move
一.名词性从句的概念:
一个句子在连接词的引导下,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
二.名词性从句的功能:
相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
Hisjobisimportant.(主语)
Whathedoesisimportant.(主语)
Thisishisjob.(表语)
Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.(表语)
Idon’tlikehisjob.(宾语)
Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.(宾语)
Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.(同位语)
Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.(同位语)
得出结论:
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为四类,即:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
三.引导名词性从句的连接词:
1、连接代词:
who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,which。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
●Idon’tbelieve__________hehasachievedsofar.
●__________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2、连接副词:
when,where,why,how。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
●__________wewillhandintheprojectwillbediscussedlater.
●Parentsarethoughttounderstand__________importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.
●Thereason__________hewasabsentwasthathewasill.
3、连接词:
that,whether,if,asif,asthough。
that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
●Idon’tcareabout__________youhavemoneyornot.
●Theproblemis__________Tomisabletoarriveontime.
●__________themeetingwillbeheldhereisnotdecidedyet.
●Itlooks__________itisgoingtorain.
●Thetruthis__________hedidn’tcomefortheconcert.
●__________theearthisroundistrue.
四.名词性从句的类型:
1.主语从句:
在复合句中作主句的主语。
连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
●__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.
●__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
●__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
●__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.
注意:
1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
记住以下it作形式主语的句型:
It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…
Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…
It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…
It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…
●Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
●Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.
A.howB.thatC.whenD.what
●Itisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
2.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用句单数形式;如果是两个或两个以上的主语作
主语,谓语动词则视情况而定。
Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.
Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven’tbeenfound.
Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.
Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.
Exercises:
●.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
●______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.
A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How
●It’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.
A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That
●______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail
account.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires
2.表语从句:
在复合句中作主句的表语。
引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。
如:
●Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.
●Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.
●Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.
●Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.
●Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied.
注意:
1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.
2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是,…的原因是…
Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.
Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.
A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because
3.Itisbecause…这是因为…
Exercises:
●Thisis______shewasborn.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
●Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
●Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what
●Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.
A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto
●______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
●Energyis______makesthingswork.
A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything
3.宾语从句:
在复合句中作主句的宾语。
引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
(1)V+宾语从句,即“动宾”:
Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?
/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.
●Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasone
mightexpect.
A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis
●---Don’tyoubelieveme?
---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.
A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever
●“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
”“Theyalwaysletmedo______Ithink
Ishould.”
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
.
(2)prep+宾语从句,即“介宾”:
He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.
●Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.
A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone
●Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
●Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
(3)adj+宾语从句,即“形宾”:
I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.
不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.
如:
ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
注意:
(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换成if。
Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether可与不定式连用,构成whethertodo结构。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。
但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
Exercises:
●Iaskedher__________shehadabike.
●__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
●We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.
●Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.
●Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.
●Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.
●Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.
(2)如果宾语从句是由that引导,and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略,第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.
Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.
Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.
如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,就用it作形式宾语,将宾语从句后置,并且that不可以省略.
Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.
IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.
(3)表示“建议,命令,要求”的宾语从句,如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等,从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略。
(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中,其否定形式要用否定转移,即主句否定,从句肯定。
Idon’tthinkhewillcome.
Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.
Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.
(5)宾语从句的时态呼应:
a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.
b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.Hetoldme_______________________________.
他说他已离开家乡十年了。
Hetoldme_________________________________.
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.
Exercises:
●Doyousee______Imean?
A.thatB./C.howD.what
●Tellme______isonyourmind.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why
●Wemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.
A.whatB.thatC./D.how
●Letmesee______.
A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whetherIcanrepairtheradio
C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio
●Keepinmind______.
A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay
C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid
4.同位语从句:
在复合句中起同位语的作用。
一般放在名词idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。
常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和which不引导同位语从句)
●Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
●Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
●Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.
A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if
●Theyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when
●Thefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
注意:
1.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语