高一英语名词性从句讲解2.docx

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高一英语名词性从句讲解2.docx

高一英语名词性从句讲解2

名词性从句

1.种类

2.宾语从句的时态。

3.that什么情况下可以省略,什么情况下不可以省略。

4.whether和if什么时候可以互换,什么时候不可以互换。

5.如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。

完成以下题目,并分别指出它们是什么从句

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If

2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.

A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what

3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether

4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.

A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move

一.名词性从句的概念:

一个句子在连接词的引导下,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

二.名词性从句的功能:

相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。

Hisjobisimportant.(主语)

Whathedoesisimportant.(主语)

Thisishisjob.(表语)

Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.(表语)

Idon’tlikehisjob.(宾语)

Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.(宾语)

Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.(同位语)

Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.(同位语)

得出结论:

因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为四类,即:

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

三.引导名词性从句的连接词:

1、连接代词:

who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,which。

有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

●Idon’tbelieve__________hehasachievedsofar.

●__________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.

2、连接副词:

when,where,why,how。

有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。

●__________wewillhandintheprojectwillbediscussedlater.

●Parentsarethoughttounderstand__________importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.

●Thereason__________hewasabsentwasthathewasill.

3、连接词:

that,whether,if,asif,asthough。

that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。

●Idon’tcareabout__________youhavemoneyornot.

●Theproblemis__________Tomisabletoarriveontime.

●__________themeetingwillbeheldhereisnotdecidedyet.

●Itlooks__________itisgoingtorain.

●Thetruthis__________hedidn’tcomefortheconcert.

●__________theearthisroundistrue.

四.名词性从句的类型:

1.主语从句:

在复合句中作主句的主语。

连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。

如:

●__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.

●__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.

●__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.

●__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.

注意:

1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。

记住以下it作形式主语的句型:

It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…

Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…

It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…

It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…

It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…

●Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

●Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.

A.howB.thatC.whenD.what

●Itisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

2.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用句单数形式;如果是两个或两个以上的主语作

主语,谓语动词则视情况而定。

Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.

Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven’tbeenfound.

Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.

Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.

Exercises:

●.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.

A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever

●______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.

A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How

●It’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.

A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That

●______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail

account.

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires

2.表语从句:

在复合句中作主句的表语。

引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。

如:

●Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.

●Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.

●Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.

●Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.

●Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied.

注意:

1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.

2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是,…的原因是…

Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.

Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.

A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because

3.Itisbecause…这是因为…

Exercises:

●Thisis______shewasborn.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what

●Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when

●Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what

●Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.

A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto

●______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that

●Energyis______makesthingswork.

A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything

3.宾语从句:

在复合句中作主句的宾语。

引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。

如:

(1)V+宾语从句,即“动宾”:

Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?

/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.

●Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasone

mightexpect.

A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis

●---Don’tyoubelieveme?

---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.

A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever

●“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?

”“Theyalwaysletmedo______Ithink

Ishould.”

A.whenB.thatC.howD.what

.

(2)prep+宾语从句,即“介宾”:

He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.

●Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.

A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone

●Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

●Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever

(3)adj+宾语从句,即“形宾”:

I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.

不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.

如:

ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.

注意:

(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。

但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。

Iwonderifitdoesn’train.

②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。

Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)

③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换成if。

Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。

whether可与不定式连用,构成whethertodo结构。

whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。

但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。

Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.

Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.

Exercises:

●Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

●__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

●We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.

●Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.

●Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.

●Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.

●Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

(2)如果宾语从句是由that引导,and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略,第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.

Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.

Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.

如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,就用it作形式宾语,将宾语从句后置,并且that不可以省略.

Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.

IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.

WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.

(3)表示“建议,命令,要求”的宾语从句,如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等,从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略。

(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中,其否定形式要用否定转移,即主句否定,从句肯定。

Idon’tthinkhewillcome.

Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.

Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.

(5)宾语从句的时态呼应:

a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.

他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.

b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。

他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.Hetoldme_______________________________.

他说他已离开家乡十年了。

Hetoldme_________________________________.

老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.

Exercises:

●Doyousee______Imean?

A.thatB./C.howD.what

●Tellme______isonyourmind.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why

●Wemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.

A.whatB.thatC./D.how

●Letmesee______.

A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whetherIcanrepairtheradio

C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio

●Keepinmind______.

A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay

C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid

4.同位语从句:

在复合句中起同位语的作用。

一般放在名词idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。

常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和which不引导同位语从句)

●Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether

●Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

●Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.

A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if

●Theyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when

●Thefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what

注意:

1.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语

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