BPdebate.docx
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BPdebate
1、BP制是BritishParliamentary（英国议会制）的简称，是仿照英国议会开会议事模式而设计的一系列辩论赛规则的总称，是全世界范围内使用最广泛的辩论规则，世界大学生辩论赛WUDC（TheWorldUniversitiesDebatingChampionships）及中国辩论公开赛ChinaOpen均使用此规则。
2、常见的BP制是四队议会制辩论，每场比赛分正反双方，设“正方上院”、“正方下院”、“反方上院”、“反方下院”四队，每队两人，故可概括为“两方、四队、八人”。
3、胜负评判为排序制，即根据各队表现在四队中排出1、2、3、4名，胜负不以正反方而论，即完全可以出现正方上院第一名而正方下院第四名的情况。
4、BP制的竞赛程序可简单描述为“角色扮演”+“交替演讲”，每位辩手均拥有一个议员角色，均拥有7分钟左右（不同赛事时长不一）发言时长，正反方从上到下交替发言，没有自由辩论等任何快速交替发言环节。
5、BP制有一种特殊的“质询”规则：
PointofInformation（“PoI”）。
PoI允许对方辩手在“非保护时间”（每人发言时间中除开第一分钟和最后一分钟之外的所有时间）示意要求提问，经发言者允许后向发言者提问质询。
质询者提问时间计入发言者时长，故针对PoI，发言者有权决定是否接受、何时接受、如何回答等事宜。
6、BP制区别于常见华语辩论赛制的最大特点在于“角色扮演”，如下表：
正方上院第一位发言者
首相（PrimeMinister）
正方一辩
反方上院第一位发言者
反对党领袖（LeaderoftheOpposition）
反方一辩
正方上院第二位发言者
副首相（DeputyPrimeMinister）
正方二辩
反方上院第二位发言者
反对党副领袖（DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition）
反方二辩
正方下院第一位发言者
政府阁员（MemberofGovernment）
正方三辩
反方下院第一位发言者
反对党阁员（MemberoftheOpposition）
反方三辩
正方下院第二位发言者
政府党鞭（GovernmentWhip）
正方四辩
反方下院第二位发言者
反对党党鞭（OppositionWhip）
反方四辩
7、除一般的“立我方、批对方”的发言责任外，BP制中每个角色还有其独特的角色责任，对该责任的实现程度构成胜负评判的最大因素。
择其精要：
首相
定义优先权：
有权对辩题中没有明确的背景、主体、对象等定义要素加以明确，除非该定义明显有悖公众一般认知或故意破坏辩论进行下去的可能性且未说明如此定义的必要性，否则对方不能拒绝该定义。
论点框架责任：
必须给出正方上院的论点框架，即使自己无法完全展开，但必须概括介绍
反对党领袖
定义接受责任：
检查定义是否明显有悖公众一般认知或故意破坏辩论进行下去的可能性且未说明如此定义的必要性，如无，则宣布接受该定义。
一旦决定不接受，则比赛即进入“挑战定义”的特殊状态。
事实上99%的情况下不会“挑战定义”。
论点框架责任：
必须给出反方上院的论点框架，即使自己无法完全展开，但必须概括介绍
副首相
论点展开责任：
在首相/反对党领袖的框架下展开论点
反对党副领袖
政府阁员
论点扩展责任：
在保持与自己的上院意见原则一致的情况下，必须提出区别于自己的上院的新论点
反对党阁员
政府党鞭
总结责任：
明确指出全场交锋点，并突出本方观点，尤其是本方下院观点的正确性
反对党党鞭
8、竞赛组织：
一般采取赛前30分钟公布辩题、公布各队所处“赛位”（角色）。
辩题又称“动议”Motion，一般以“本院认为···”ThisHouse···的句式给出。
9、评判方式：
比赛结束后评委闭门商议产生排序结论，其后由主评当场宣布结果并解释评判理由。
10、BP制中的特殊习惯：
a.表示支持不用鼓掌，而是敲击桌面
b.采取“扶帽伸手”动作表示要求质询
c.评委中的一位兼做主席，称“议长”
d.发言者须走到舞台中央的发言席发言
e.计时以发言者准备就绪开始讲话起
TheBritishParliamentaryformat
1.TheTeams
FourteamsoftwodebatersparticipateineachBritishParliamentarydebateround. Theteamssupportingthemotionarereferredtoasthe"Proposition."Theteamsarguingagainstthemotionareknownasthe"Opposition"teams. TwoteamsrepresenttheProposition:
theOpeningPropositionandtheClosingProposition. TwoteamsrepresenttheOpposition:
theOpeningOppositionandtheClosingOpposition. Eachoftheseteamscompetesagainstallotherteamsintheroundandwillberanked1stthrough4thattheconclusionofthedebate.
OpeningProposition
OpeningOpposition
ClosingProposition
ClosingOpposition
2.SpeakerOrder
Eachspeakerwillpresentasinglespeechintheorderprescribedbelow.
Speaker
CommonTitlesforSpeaker
Time
OpeningPropositionTeam,1stspeaker
"PrimeMinister"or“LeaderoftheProposition”
7minutes
OpeningOppositionTeam,1stspeaker
"LeaderoftheOpposition"
7minutes
OpeningPropositionTeam,2ndspeaker
"DeputyPrimeMinister"or"DeputyLeaderoftheProposition"
7minutes
OpeningOppositionTeam,2ndspeaker
"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"
7minutes
ClosingPropositionTeam,1stspeaker
"MemberoftheProposition""
7minutes
ClosingOppositionTeam,1stspeaker
"MemberoftheOpposition"
7minutes
ClosingPropositionTeam,2ndspeaker
"PropositionWhip"
7minutes
ClosingOppositionTeam,2ndspeaker
"OppositionWhip"
7minutes
3.Speechtiming
Eachspeechwillbe7minutes. PointsofInformationareallowedafterthefirstminuteandbeforethelastminuteofallspeeches.
Timingofthespeechbeginswhenthespeakerbeginsspeaking;allmaterial—includingacknowledgementsintroductions,etc.—willbetimed. Atimekeeperwillprovideaseriesofsignalsduringeachspeechasfollows:
Timing
Signal
1:
00
Singleringofabell（POIsallowed）
6:
00
Singleringofabell（POIsnolongerallowed）
7:
00
Doubleringofabell（Conclusionofspeakingtime）
7:
15
Continuousringing（Conclusionofgraceperiod）
Oncethedoubleringhassounded,speakershavea15-second‘graceperiod’,duringwhichtheyshouldconcludetheirremarks.Thegraceperiodisnotatimefornewmattertobeintroduced,andanynewmatterofferedinthegraceperiodmaybediscountedbytheadjudicators.Speakerscontinuingafterthis‘graceperiod’maybepenalizedbytheadjudicationpanel.
4.SpeakerRoles
Eachspeakerhasaroleandeachspeechhasaspecificpurpose.Thedescriptionsofspeakerroleslistedbelowaresuggestiveandarenotintendedtobeexhaustiveorexclusive.Forreasonsthatvaryfromdebatetodebate,speakersmaysometimesneedtofulfillrolesnotmentionedhereandspeechesmaybeconstructedtoserveotherpurposesaslongasPropositionspeakersaffirmthemotionandOppositionspeakersopposeit.
Allspeakers,exceptthefinalspeakersforthePropositionandOpposition（PropositionandOppositionWhips）,shouldintroducenewmaterial.Alldebatersshouldrefutetheopposingteams’arguments,exceptthePrimeMinister.
Speaker
RoleandResponsibility
"PrimeMinister"or"LeaderoftheProposition”
Thefirstspeaker'sresponsibilityistopresentacasesupportingthemotion.TheprimaryroleofOpeningPropositionteam,initiatedinthisspeech,istoestablishthefoundationformeaningfuldebateonthemotion.
“LeaderoftheOpposition"
TheOpeningOpposition'sprimaryteamroleistocounterthefirstPropositionteam'scasethroughdirectorindirectrefutationand/orprovidesubstantiveargumentsagainstthemotion.
"DeputyPrimeMinister"
ThisspeakershouldrefutetheLeaderoftheOpposition'sspeech,andfurtherdeveloptheOpeningPropositionteam'scase.
"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"
Thisspeakersupportshisorherteammate,answeringobjectionsfromtheothersideandintroducingadditionalargumentsorsupport.
"MemberoftheProposition"
ThisspeakershouldsupportthepositiondevelopedbytheOpeningPropositionteambyintroducinganextension. AsuccessfulextensionwilldevelopadistinctargumentidentityfortheClosingPropositionteamwhilesupportingtheOpeningPropositionteam.TheMemberofthePropositionmayalsorefutetheargumentsmadebytheDeputyLeaderoftheOpposition.
"MemberoftheOpposition"
ThisspeakershouldsupportthepositiondevelopedbytheOpeningOppositionteamandmustalsointroduceanextension. AswiththeMemberProposition,theMemberOpposition’sextensionwillbemostsuccessfulifitestablishesauniqueargumentidentitythatdistinguishestheClosingfromtheOpeningOppositionwhilecontinuingthegeneraldirectionofargumentinitiatedbytheOpeningOpposition.TheMemberOppositionmayalsodirectlyorindirectlyrefutetheargumentsoftheMemberProposition.
"PropositionWhip"
ThisspeakersummarizestheProposition’sargumentsandsummarizestherefutationoftheOppositionside. WiththeexceptionofrefutingtheMemberOpposition’sextension,thespeakershouldnotintroducepositive（new）matter.
"OppositionWhip"
Thisspeakersummarizesoppositiontotheextensionandmakesreplytoeachteam'spositioninthedebate.Thisspeakershouldnotintroducepositive（new）matter.
5.TheMotions
Asinglemotionwillbeannouncedthirtyminutespriortothebeginningofthedebateandwillbepresentedtoalldebaterssimultaneouslyinageneralassembly.Adifferentmotionwillbeusedforeachround.
Motionstypicallyfocusoncurrentissuesortimelesscontroversiesandarephrasedinawaythatisintendedtobespecificandunambiguous.
6.Focusandcontentofdebates
BritishParliamentarydebatingisacontestofideasinwhichthePropositionteamsareresponsibleforprovidingreasonswhythemotionistrueandtheOppositionteamsareresponsibleforprovidingreasonswhythemotionisnottrueorwhythePropositionhasfailedtoprovethemotiontrue. Allteamshavearesponsibilitytorefute,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,argumentspresentedbytheopposingside.
Motionsarewritteninplainlanguage. Thedebaters—particularlytheOpeningPropositionteam—shouldrespectthemeaningandfocusofthemotion. WhiletheOpeningPropositionteammayclarifythemeaningoftermsinthemotion,theyshouldnotattempttoalterthemeaningofthemotion. TheLeaderofthePropositionshouldprovideanyclarificationoftermsatthebeginningofhisorherspeech.
Inthemajorityofcases,theclarificationprovidedbytheOpeningPropositionteamwillserveasanadequatefoundationfortherestofthedebate. ShouldtheOpeningPropositionfailtomakeclearthefocusofthedebate,oriftheinterpretationofferedbytheOpeningPropositionteamcompletelyinhibitsmeaningfuldebateorcompletelymisinterpretsthemeaningthemotion,theOpeningOppositionmayofferclarificationofthetermsofthemotion. NoteamsbeyondtheOpeningPropositionandOpeningOppositionmaysubstantiallymodifythetermsofthemotion.
7.Preparation
Alldebatesshallcommence30minutesafterthemotionhasbeenannounced. Debatersmayconsultanywrittenmaterialsduringthepreparationtime.ExceptforthedesignatedCASIOelectronicdictionary,noaccesstootherelectronicmediaorelectronicstorageorretrievaldevicesispermittedaftermotionshavebeenreleased.Printedandpreparedmaterialsmaybeaccessedduringadebate.
Debatersmayconferwiththeirdebatepartnerduringpreparationtime. Debatersmayalsoconferwithonetutorfromtheiruniversityduringthepreparationtime.Debatersmaynotconferwithanyotherindividuals（i.e.:
coaches,otherdebaters,trainers,adjudicators,etc.）duringthepreparationtime.
TheOpeningPropositionshallhavetherighttoprepareinthedebatingvenue. Allotherteamsmustprepareinseparatelocations.
Teamsmustarriveattheirchamberwithinfiveminutesofthetimeofcommencementofdebate.Teamsfailingtoarriveintimewillforfeitthedebate,atthediscretionoftheChairofthepanel.
8.PointsofInformation
Debatersmayrequ
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