雅思大作文写作方法.docx
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雅思大作文写作方法
雅思大作文写作方法+常用表达
6大作文task2
6.1雅思大作文评分标准细则
Band
Taskresponse
Coherence&cohesion
Lexicalresource
Grammerrangeandaccuracy
9
•fullyaddressesallpartsofthetask
•presentsafullydevelopedpositioninanswertothequestionwithrelevant,fullyextendedandwellsupportedideas
•usescohesioninsuchawaythatitattractsnoattention
•skilfullymanagesparagraphing
•usesawiderangeofvocabularywithverynaturalandsophisticatedcontroloflexicalfeatures;rareminorerrorsoccuronlyas‘slips’
•usesawiderangeofstructureswithfullflexibilityandaccuracy;rareminorerrorsoccuronlyas‘slips’
8
•sufficientlyaddressesallpartsofthetask
•presentsawell-developedresponsetothequestionwithrelevant,extendedandsupportedideas
•sequencesinformationandideaslogically
•managesallaspectsofcohesionwell
•usesparagraphingsufficientlyandappropriately
•usesawiderangeofvocabularyfluentlyandflexiblytoconveyprecisemeanings
•skilfullyusesuncommonlexicalitemsbuttheremaybeoccasionalinaccuraciesinwordchoiceandcollocation
•producesrareerrorsinspellingand/orwordformation
•usesawiderangeofstructures
•themajorityofsentencesareerror-free
•makesonlyveryoccasionalerrorsorinappropriacies
7
•addressesallpartsofthetask
•presentsaclearpositionthroughouttheresponse
•presents,extendsandsupportsmainideas,buttheremaybeatendencytoover-generaliseand/orsupportingideasmaylackfocus
•logicallyorganisesinformationandideas;thereisclearprogressionthroughout
•usesarangeofcohesivedevicesappropriatelyalthoughtheremaybesomeunder-/over-use
•presentsaclearcentraltopicwithineachparagraph
•usesasufficientrangeofvocabularytoallowsomeflexibilityandprecision
•useslesscommonlexicalitemswithsomeawarenessofstyleandcollocation
•mayproduceoccasionalerrorsinwordchoice,spellingand/orwordformation
•usesavarietyofcomplexstructures
•producesfrequenterror-freesentences
•hasgoodcontrolofgrammarandpunctuationbutmaymakeafewerrors
6
•addressesallpartsofthetaskalthoughsomepartsmaybemorefullycoveredthanothers
•presentsarelevantpositionalthoughtheconclusionsmaybecomeunclearorrepetitive
•presentsrelevantmainideasbutsomemaybeinadequatelydeveloped/unclear
•arrangesinformationandideascoherentlyandthereisaclearoverallprogression
•usescohesivedeviceseffectively,butcohesionwithinand/orbetweensentencesmaybefaultyormechanical
•maynotalwaysusereferencingclearlyorappropriately
•usesparagraphing,butnotalwayslogically
•usesanadequaterangeofvocabularyforthetask
•attemptstouselesscommonvocabularybutwithsomeinaccuracy
•makessomeerrorsinspellingand/orwordformation,buttheydonotimpedecommunication
•usesamixofsimpleandcomplexsentenceforms
•makessomeerrorsingrammarandpunctuationbuttheyrarelyreducecommunication
5
•addressesthetaskonlypartially;theformatmaybeinappropriateinplaces
•expressesapositionbutthedevelopmentisnotalwaysclearandtheremaybenoconclusionsdrawn
•presentssomemainideasbutthesearelimitedandnotsufficientlydeveloped;theremaybeirrelevantdetail
•presentsinformationwithsomeorganisationbuttheremaybealackofoverallprogression
•makesinadequate,inaccurateorover-useofcohesivedevices
•mayberepetitivebecauseoflackofreferencingandsubstitution
•maynotwriteinparagraphs,orparagraphingmaybeinadequate
•usesalimitedrangeofvocabulary,butthisisminimallyadequateforthetask
•maymakenoticeableerrorsinspellingand/orwordformationthatmaycausesomedifficultyforthereader
•usesonlyalimitedrangeofstructures
•attemptscomplexsentencesbutthesetendtobelessaccuratethansimplesentences
•maymakefrequentgrammaticalerrorsandpunctuationmaybefaulty;errorscancausesomedifficultyforthereader
4
•respondstothetaskonlyinaminimalwayortheansweristangential;theformatmaybeinappropriate
•presentsapositionbutthisisunclear
•presentssomemainideasbutthesearedifficulttoidentifyandmayberepetitive,irrelevantornotwellsupported
•presentsinformationandideasbutthesearenotarrangedcoherentlyandthereisnoclearprogressionintheresponse
•usessomebasiccohesivedevicesbutthesemaybeinaccurateorrepetitive
•maynotwriteinparagraphsortheirusemaybeconfusing
•usesonlybasicvocabularywhichmaybeusedrepetitivelyorwhichmaybeinappropriateforthetask
•haslimitedcontrolofwordformationand/orspelling;errorsmaycausestrainforthereader
•usesonlyaverylimitedrangeofstructureswithonlyrareuseofsubordinateclauses
•somestructuresareaccuratebuterrorspredominate,andpunctuationisoftenfaulty
3
•doesnotadequatelyaddressanypartofthetask
•doesnotexpressaclearposition
•presentsfewideas,whicharelargelyundevelopedorirrelevant
doesnotorganiseideaslogically
•mayuseaverylimitedrangeofcohesivedevices,andthoseusedmaynotindicatealogicalrelationshipbetweenideas
usesonlyaverylimitedrangeofwordsandexpressionswithverylimitedcontrolofwordformationand/orspelling
•errorsmayseverelydistortthemessage
attemptssentenceformsbuterrorsingrammarandpunctuationpredominateanddistortthemeaning
雅思大作文评分标准细则
成绩
任务回应
连贯与衔接
词汇资源
语法结构的范围和准确性
9
▪完全回应题目所有要求
▪立场表达清晰,论证完全;
▪观点相关性好,扩展充分,论据充足;
▪不留痕迹地衔接;
▪分段得体;
▪词汇使用广泛、自然而老到;极少出现小错误如“笔误”;
▪语法结构的使用广泛、准确而灵活;极少出现小错误如“笔误”;
8
▪•充分回应题目所有要求;
▪•观点相关,有扩展,有论据;
▪信息和观点的安排有逻辑性;
▪衔接良好;
▪分段恰当;
▪能流畅、灵活地使用多样词汇来准确表达思想;
▪能巧妙使用较不常见单词和习语,尽管偶尔有词汇选择和搭配上的不准确;
▪拼写和构词法错误极少;
▪灵活使用多种结构;
▪大部分语句无误;
▪极偶尔情况下出现错误或不准确;
7
▪回应题目所有要求;
▪自始至终立场清晰;
▪表达了主要观点,提供了论据并进行了扩展,但有可能太宽泛或对观点的支持太分散;
▪信息和观点组织有逻辑性;文章从头至尾有延续性;
▪衔接手段使用合理,虽然可能有一些使用过少或过多;
▪每段都有清晰的中心论点;
▪词汇使用丰富、有一定的准确性和灵活性;
▪能使用较不常见词汇,对语体和搭配有所了解;
▪在词汇的选择、拼写和构词法上偶尔有错误;
▪使用多种复杂结构;
▪多数语句无误;
▪语法和标点掌握较好,但可能会犯一些错误;
6
▪回应题目所有要求,然而有些论证多一些,有些论证少一些;
▪立场切题,尽管结论不清晰或重复;
▪主要观点有相关性,然而一些可能没有充分论证,或不清晰;
▪信息和观点组织连贯;文章有延续性;
▪衔接手段使用有效,但是句子内部和句子之间的衔接可能有误或过于机械;
▪有分段,但可能有时缺乏逻辑性
▪使用适当范围的词汇;
▪试图使用较不常见词汇,但有一些不准确;
▪在拼写和构词法上有错误,但这些错误不至于影响交际;
▪能使用简单和复杂句子结构;
▪语法和标点出现一些错误,尽管这些错误很少导致交流障碍;
5
▪部分回应题目要求,一些地方格式不正确;
▪表达了立场,但论证不是一直清晰,也可能没有结论;
▪给出了一些主要观点,但没有充分扩展,可能出现无关细节;
▪对信息进行了一定组织,但整体缺乏延续性;
▪过渡手段不够、不准确或过多;
▪过渡手段重复;
▪没有分段,或分段不足;
▪使用有限词汇量,但只是在最低层面上满足题目;
▪拼写和构词法上可能出现明显错误,造成读者的某些阅读困难;
▪只能使用基本句子结构;
▪试图使用复杂句,但复杂句的使用准确性不如简单句;
▪语法错误较多,标点有误用;错误造成读者的某些阅读困难;
4
▪任务回应极少,不切题,或格式不恰当;
▪表达了观点,但观点不清晰;
▪提出了一些主要观点,但很难区分,且观点重复、不相关或没有论据支持;
▪提供信息和观点,但安排不连贯,也没有清晰的连续性;
▪使用一些基本的衔接手段,但可能不准确或重复
▪只使用基本词汇,可能重复,可能使用不得体;
▪构词法和拼写掌握有限;
▪错误导致读者理解困难;
▪只使用有限的句子结构,从句很少见;
▪有的结构准确但错误较多,标点经常错误;
3
▪对任务任一部分都没有足够的回应;
▪没有表达清晰立场
▪提出了极少观点,且基本没有扩展或不相关;
▪没有逻辑性地组织观点;
▪衔接手段的使用非常有限,不能表明观点之间的逻辑关系;
▪只使用非常有限的单词和表达,对于构词法和拼写的掌握很有限;
▪错误严重干扰信息的传递;
▪试图写出句子但语法和标点错误非常多,扭曲了意思
2
▪几乎没有回应任务;
▪没有表达立场;
▪可能试图提出一两个观点,但没有扩展;
▪对组织结构的掌握极少
▪词汇使用极其有限;基本没有掌握构词法和拼写
▪除了背诵的短语以外无法使用句子
1
▪回答与任务完全无关;
▪无法交流任何信息
▪只能使用一些零散单词
▪完全无法使用句子
0
缺席考试;
交白卷;
完全抄袭背诵好的范文
6分:
文章切题,语句通顺,没有明显错误(小错在6个以内),有一些比较不错的语句(复杂句、排比、倒装、从句等等)就是6分的标准了。
7分:
文笔流畅,错误极少,有个别闪光点就是7分。
8分:
论点新颖、别具一格,就是8分。
或者论点一般,但十分切题,语言很漂亮,令人印象深刻。
也是8分(不过一般这样也可以给7分)。
6.25~9分范文
范例6-1
Thegovernmentshouldcontroltheamountofviolenceinfilmsandontelevisioninordertodecreaseviolentcrimesinsociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
Ithasbeensuggestedthatthegovernmentshouldtakeactionontheviolentfilmsandtelevisionswhichposedtheviolentcrimesinsociety.Theimplicationandveracityofthisideaseemreasonablebutinfactrequirecloserexamination.
Firstofall,thecourseoftheincreasingofthecruxoftheviolentcrimesisnottheviolentfilmsandtelevisions.Themajorreasonisthatthebiggapbetweenthepoorandtherichandwithpeople’smoralcharacteraswell.AsIseeit,thegovernmentsareobligatedtodeveloptheeconomyandtheconsciousness.
Inaddition,ifforbidtheviolenceinfilmsandontelevisions,wewilllosesomeexcellentfilms,becausetosomeactionfilms,thequintessentialpartisviolenceandtherefore,itisnobenefitforneitherfilmextentorculture.
What’smore,violentfilmsandtelevisionsaregoodnegativeexamples,foritgivespeoplefearswhocommitviolentcrimes.Aboyinmyclass,whohasafierytemper,oftenfightswithothers,Oncehesawaviolentfilmofacrippledactorbecauseoftheviolence,hewasworriedandhadalessononitwhicheffectshimalot,finallyhebecameadisciplinedboy.
ForthesereasonsIfeelstronglythatthefilmofviolenceshouldnotbecontrolledandthatweshouldobjectivelyevaluateandcriticizetheissue,becauseweneeddifferentfilmsandtelevisions,sowecanlearnsomethingfromthem.(245words)
得分:
5分
文章结构清晰,是一篇5段式的作文,但是在第4段中,作者其实是论述了与前两段不同的观点,但用的连接词却是what’smore使得这段的真正意图没有体现出来。
从语言方面来说,似乎文章用了一些好词,如implicationandveracity,crux,beobligatedto等等,但是仍然有些低级的语法错误,如ifforbidtheviolenceinfilmsandontelevisions这个句子是没有主语的句子,是非常严重的错误,给考官的印象非常的不好。
其次,很明显,文章单词等级的跳跃性很大,第一段用的词都不较高级别,而第3段的词句很简单而且有严重的错误。
此外,由于文章的词数也没有达到最低要求,导致失分。
范例6-2
Somepeoplethinkthefunctionofuniversityeducationistopreparestudentsfortheirfutureemployment.However,othersbelievethatitmusthaveotherimportantfunctions.Discussandindicatewhatotherfunctionstheuniversityeducationcanprovide.
Someholdthatthefunctionofuniversityorcollegeeducationistohelpstudentstogetreadyfortheirfuturepaying-job.Whileothersconsiderthattheuseofuniversityorcollegeeducationis