考研英语阅读unit10.docx

考研英语阅读unit10.docx

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考研英语阅读unit10

Unit10

Pleasurecomesthroughtoil.

苦尽甘来。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

商业经济

478

/10

Text2

科普知识

498

/10

Text3

生态环境

417

/10

Text4

社会生活

438

/10

PartB

商业经济

550

/10

PartC

科普知识

379

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

AshUpadhyayaisnotreehugger.YethehasspentthepasttwoyearsstudyingenvironmentallysustainablebusinessattheStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness.“AmIreallydriventodothisbymyvalues?

Thehonestanswerisno,”saysUpadhyaya,whowantstoworkforaprivate-equityfundwhenhegraduatesinJune.“Itjustmakesgoodbusinesssensetobesustainable.”

Environmentalistsandcapitalistshavetypicallyeyedeachotherwithsuspicion,evendisdain.AnewbreedofM.B.A.studentsthinksit’spossibletomakeabunchofgreenbygoinggreen.Forsome,studyingsustainablebusinesspracticesjustgivesthemacompetitiveedge.Forothers,it’safreshwayofthinkingaboutbusiness.Theseeco-M.B.A.stalkaboutthe“triplebottomline”—people,planet,profit.ThousandsarejoiningNetImpact,anetworkinggroupforbusinessleadersinterestedinsocietalproblems.

Slowly,businessschoolsarecatchingup.“Thisisallstudent-driven,”saysStanfordB-schoolprofessorEricaPlambeck.Sevenyearsagosheofferedthefirstenvironmentalelectiveatthebusinessschool.TodayStanfordranksNo.1ontheAspenInstitute’s2007“BeyondGreyPinstripes”report,whichrateshowbusinessschoolsintegratesocialandenvironmentalresponsibilityintotheircurricula.

Mainstreamschoolsweren’tchangingfastenoughforgreen-businessiconHunterLovins.Thebookshecoauthoredin1999,“NaturalCapitalism,”hasbecomethetextbookforsustainablemanagement.Init,shearguesthatcompaniesdon’tfactortheenvironmentintotheirspreadsheets.“Wetreatitasifithasavalueofzero,andthat’sbadcapitalism,”shesays.Businessleadersneededtostartthinkingdifferently.Soin2003LovinshelpedfoundPresidioSchoolofManagementinSanFrancisco,whereclimatechangepermeateseverypartofthecurriculum.

Criticssaysuchboutiquebusinessschoolsthemselvesareunsustainable.ButGreenM.B.A.sinsisttheylearntraditionalskillswhilefosteringunconventionalbusinessvalues.ForthefinalprojectinaccountingatPresidio,studentsanalyzebothacompany’sfinancesanditsCSR（corporatesocialresponsibility）.OnegroupgaveUnitedParcelServicecreditformappingroutessodriverscanavoidgas-wastingleftturns.GreenM.B.A.stakemacroeconomics,butitincludestheemergingfieldof“ecologicaleconomics.”ThecasestheystudyexaminecompanieslikeClifBar,whichmakesorganicenergysnacks.

Butit’stheatmosphereatPresidiothatmakesitsodifferentfromHarvard.ForPresidiostudentTajadiLeonardi,itwasneverforthemoney.Anaturelover,shewantedtogotobusinessschoolwithoutfeelingasifshewassellinghersoul.AtPresidio,herquesttodesignherowngreenkitchengrewintoabusinessplanforsomethingshecalledEcohomeImprovement.SinceEcohomeImprovementopenedin2005,diLeonardihasdoubledthestore’ssquarefootage,increasedherstafffromoneto10andseena200percentincreaseinrevenues.Soulintact,sheiscashingin.

1.WhyisAshUpadhyayainterestedinenvironmentallysustainablebusiness?

[A]Heisanactivistinenvironmentalprotection.

[B]Hebelievesenvironmentalissuesareimportanttobusinesses.

[C]HehasjusttakenacourseatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness.

[D]Upongraduationhewantstoworkforafundforgreencauses.

2.ThenewbreedofM.B.A.studentsbelieve

[A]profitcannotbemadebysacrificingtheenvironment.

[B]environmentalknowledgeisimportanttobusinessschoolstudents.

[C]socialissuesarecloselyrelatedtoenvironmentalissues.

[D]businessescanmakemoneybygoinggreen.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]NetImpactisagroupinterestedinhowtheNetaffectsbusinesses.

[B]Mainstreamschoolsstillresistofferingenvironmentalcourses.

[C]HunterLovinsisanM.B.A.teacheraswellasabusinessperson.

[D]StanfordB-schoolisthefirsttoofferrelatedenvironmentalcourses.

4.ThestudentsatPresidio

[A]accomplishtheirresearchprojectsatrelatedbusinesses.

[B]canchoosewhatevercoursestheyliketotake.

[C]takeenvironmentalfactorsintoaccountintheirresearch.

[D]turnawayfromtraditionalskillstounconventionalbusinesspractices.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]diLeonardihasmadeafortunefromherenvironmentfriendlyproject.

[B]diLeonardihastopayapriceforherenvironmentfriendlyproject.

[C]diLeonardihasmetgreatdifficultyinkeepingherbusinesssustainable.

[D]diLeonardiwouldhavemademoremoneyifshehadsoldhersoul.

Text2

Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasurequantitatively,sinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.Bycontrast,intelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolygeniccharacterthatcanbemoldedbytheenvironment.Butintheparticularcasewewouldliketoknowhowmuchiscontributedbyheredityandhowmuchbytheenvironment,sinceithasimportantsocialandeducationalimplications.

Inanattempttoresolvetherelativecontributionsmadebyheredityontheonehandandtheenvironmentontheother,humangeneticistshaveturnedtostudiesoftwins.Twinsareoftwokinds:

dizygotictwinsandmonozygotictwins,whoarealwaysthesamesexandoftensoalikethatitisdifficulttotellthemapart.Dizygotictwinsarisefromtwoseparateeggsfertilizedbytwospermatozoa,thetwofertilizationsoccurringveryclosetogetherintime.Monozygotictwins,ontheotherhand,arisefromthesamefertilizedegg,whichseparatesintotwoatanearlystageincleavage,sothateachpartdevelopsintotwoseparateembryoswhicharegeneticallyidentical.

Howcouldmonozygoticanddizygotictwinsbeusedtodeterminetherelativecontributionsmadetothehumanphenotypebyheredityandenvironment,giventheethicalandotherconstraintsassociatedwithexperimentsonhumanbeings?

Measurementcouldbemadeonbothmonozygoticanddizygotictwins.Onewouldexpectthattheremightbeahigherdegreeofsimilarityinallcharactersmeasuredformonozygotictwins,becausetheyhavethesamegenotype,providedthattheyarebroughtupinsimilarenvironments.Dizygotictwinsdonotshowsuchastrongsimilaritysincetheyhavedifferentgenotypes,eveniftheycomefromthesameenvironment.

Tomeasuretheeffectofdifferencesintheenvironment，onewouldmeasurethesamecharactersinmonozygotictwinswhichbycircumstancehavebeenseparatedatbirth,andthenrearedwithdifferentfamiliesindifferentsocialconditions.

Intelligenceisaquantitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butweshouldnotassumethatithasasingledimensionofexpression.Thereareseverelimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinearscalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes.Anynumberofgenecombinationsmaypredisposeanindividualto,say,musicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,ortosagacityforhuntingandsurvivinginArctic.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithnutritionalstate,illnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels.

Indeed,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallynaive.

6.Thescientistsstudytwinsinorderto

[A]measureiftheirintelligencecanbemoldedbyenvironment.

[B]tellthedifferencesbetweendizygoticandmonozygotictwins.

[C]searchfortheimportantsocialandeducationalimplicationsbehindthem.

[D]findoutthecontributionsofheredityandtheenvironmenttointelligence.

7.Theword“cleavage”（Line11,Para.2）probablymeans

[A]whole[B]growth

[C]area[D]division

8.Dizygotictwinsrearedinsimilarenvironmentmaybehavedifferentlybecause

[A]theyhavethesamegenes.

[B]theydevelopfromseparateembryos.

[C]theyhavedifferentgenotypes.

[D]theyreceivedifferenteducation.

9.Totelltheenvironment’seffectonintelligence,scientistswouldstudy

[A]dizygotictwins.

[B]monogotictwins.

[C]twinsofthebothkinds.

[D]asmoretwinsaspossible.

10.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardIQtest?

[A]Itisapplicableasintelligencecanbemeasuredquantitatively.

[B]Itisscientificbecauseintelligenceisdecidedmainlybygenes.

[C]Ithasrestrictionstomeasureintelligencebyasignaldimension.

[D]Ithasnoscientificsupportandshouldbeabandoned.

Text3

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcities,thebreakupofthefamily,andthepollutionnotonlyoflocalair,butalsooftheearth’satmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehave