考研英语阅读unit10.docx

1、考研英语阅读unit10Unit 10 Pleasure comes through toil.苦尽甘来。学习内容题 材词 数建议时间得分统计做题备忘Part AText 1商业经济478/10Text 2科普知识498/10Text 3生态环境417/10Text 4社会生活438/10Part B商业经济550/10Part C科普知识379/10Part ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1Ash Upadhyaya i

2、s no tree hugger. Yet he has spent the past two years studying environmentally sustainable business at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. “Am I really driven to do this by my values? The honest answer is no,” says Upadhyaya, who wants to work for a private-equity fund when he graduates in Jun

3、e. “It just makes good business sense to be sustainable.”Environmentalists and capitalists have typically eyed each other with suspicion, even disdain. A new breed of M.B.A. students thinks its possible to make a bunch of green by going green. For some, studying sustainable business practices just g

4、ives them a competitive edge. For others, its a fresh way of thinking about business. These eco-M. B. A. s talk about the “triple bottom line” people, planet, profit. Thousands are joining Net Impact, a networking group for business leaders interested in societal problems.Slowly, business schools ar

5、e catching up. “This is all student-driven,” says Stanford B-school professor Erica Plambeck. Seven years ago she offered the first environmental elective at the business school. Today Stanford ranks No. 1 on the Aspen Institutes 2007 “Beyond Grey Pinstripes” report, which rates how business schools

6、 integrate social and environmental responsibility into their curricula.Mainstream schools werent changing fast enough for green-business icon Hunter Lovins. The book she coauthored in 1999, “Natural Capitalism,” has become the textbook for sustainable management. In it, she argues that companies do

7、nt factor the environment into their spreadsheets. “We treat it as if it has a value of zero, and thats bad capitalism,” she says. Business leaders needed to start thinking differently. So in 2003 Lovins helped found Presidio School of Management in San Francisco, where climate change permeates ever

8、y part of the curriculum.Critics say such boutique business schools themselves are unsustainable. But Green M. B. A. s insist they learn traditional skills while fostering unconventional business values. For the final project in accounting at Presidio, students analyze both a companys finances and i

9、ts CSR (corporate social responsibility). One group gave United Parcel Service credit for mapping routes so drivers can avoid gas-wasting left turns. Green M. B. A. s take macroeconomics, but it includes the emerging field of “ecological economics.” The cases they study examine companies like Clif B

10、ar, which makes organic energy snacks. But its the atmosphere at Presidio that makes it so different from Harvard. For Presidio student Taja di Leonardi, it was never for the money. A nature lover, she wanted to go to business school without feeling as if she was selling her soul. At Presidio, her q

11、uest to design her own green kitchen grew into a business plan for something she called Ecohome Improvement. Since Ecohome Improvement opened in 2005, di Leonardi has doubled the stores square footage, increased her staff from one to 10 and seen a 200 percent increase in revenues. Soul intact, she i

12、s cashing in. 1. Why is Ash Upadhyaya interested in environmentally sustainable business?A He is an activist in environmental protection.B He believes environmental issues are important to businesses.C He has just taken a course at Stanford Graduate School of Business.D Upon graduation he wants to w

13、ork for a fund for green causes.2. The new breed of M.B.A. students believeA profit cannot be made by sacrificing the environment.B environmental knowledge is important to business school students.C social issues are closely related to environmental issues.D businesses can make money by going green.

14、3. Which of the following is true according to the text?A Net Impact is a group interested in how the Net affects businesses.B Mainstream schools still resist offering environmental courses.C Hunter Lovins is an M. B. A. teacher as well as a business person.D Stanford B-school is the first to offer

15、related environmental courses.4. The students at PresidioA accomplish their research projects at related businesses.B can choose whatever courses they like to take.C take environmental factors into account in their research.D turn away from traditional skills to unconventional business practices.5.

16、It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA di Leonardi has made a fortune from her environment friendly project.B di Leonardi has to pay a price for her environment friendly project.C di Leonardi has met great difficulty in keeping her business sustainable.D di Leonardi would have made more mo

17、ney if she had sold her soul.Text 2Genius is something that is difficult to measure quantitatively, since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. By contrast, intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic character that

18、 can be molded by the environment. But in the particular case we would like to know how much is contributed by heredity and how much by the environment, since it has important social and educational implications. In an attempt to resolve the relative contributions made by heredity on the one hand an

19、d the environment on the other, human geneticists have turned to studies of twins. Twins are of two kinds: dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins, who are always the same sex and often so alike that it is difficult to tell them apart. Dizygotic twins arise from two separate eggs fertilized by two spe

20、rmatozoa, the two fertilizations occurring very close together in time. Monozygotic twins, on the other hand, arise from the same fertilized egg, which separates into two at an early stage in cleavage, so that each part develops into two separate embryos which are genetically identical.How could mon

21、ozygotic and dizygotic twins be used to determine the relative contributions made to the human phenotype by heredity and environment, given the ethical and other constraints associated with experiments on human beings? Measurement could be made on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. One would expe

22、ct that there might be a higher degree of similarity in all characters measured for monozygotic twins, because they have the same genotype, provided that they are brought up in similar environments. Dizygotic twins do not show such a strong similarity since they have different genotypes, even if the

23、y come from the same environment. To measure the effect of differences in the environment，one would measure the same characters in monozygotic twins which by circumstance have been separated at birth, and then reared with different families in different social conditions. Intelligence is a quantitat

24、ive trait, which does have a genetic component, but we should not assume that it has a single dimension of expression. There are severe limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes. Any number of gene combina

25、tions may predispose an individual to, say, musical genius, or to painting, or to designing computer programs, or to sagacity for hunting and surviving in Arctic. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in m

26、arkedly different ways in markedly different environments. For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with nutritional state, illness and disease, educational, social and economic levels. Indeed, people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to di

27、fferences in intelligence between races are statistically naive.6. The scientists study twins in order to A measure if their intelligence can be molded by environment.B tell the differences between dizygotic and monozygotic twins.C search for the important social and educational implications behind

28、them.D find out the contributions of heredity and the environment to intelligence.7. The word “cleavage”(Line 11, Para. 2) probably meansA whole B growthC area D division8. Dizygotic twins reared in similar environment may behave differently becauseA they have the same genes.B they develop from sepa

29、rate embryos.C they have different genotypes.D they receive different education.9. To tell the environments effect on intelligence, scientists would studyA dizygotic twins.B monogotic twins.C twins of the both kinds.D as more twins as possible. 10. What might be the authors attitude toward IQ test?A

30、 It is applicable as intelligence can be measured quantitatively.B It is scientific because intelligence is decided mainly by genes.C It has restrictions to measure intelligence by a signal dimension.D It has no scientific support and should be abandoned.Text 3The energy crisis, which is being felt

31、around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destru

32、ction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earths atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have