新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit3.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit3
新视野三版读写B2U3TextA
Journeythroughtheodysseyyears
1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:
childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild'sneedtolearn,theadult'sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior'sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.
2Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.
3Inprevioustimes,peopledidn'thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,idealybeforetheyturned30.
4Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-caledodysseyyears.Recenttrendsshowradicalchangesasyoungpeoplearefolowingadifferentagenda.Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.
5Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:
movingawayfromhome,becomingfinancialyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.
6Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents'expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesand
behaviortowardtheirparents.Theyoftenresentthepressurethey'refeelingandkeepadistaneefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPods,iPhones,.orjP.ads,lo.he®,distractthem.from.they.p^n.andstress.
7Likewise,theirparentsarefeelingmoreanxious.Theymaymakeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren'slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.Theparentsdon'tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren'slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.
8It'shardtopredictwhat'snext.Newguidelineshaven'tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionof
itself.There'sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,too.Morewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.
9Apartfromanythingelse,thishashadanimpliciteffectoncourtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.Consideringallofthis,it'sbeneficialtoknowthateventhoughgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!
10Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecoming
years.Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.
11Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn'tbedeceivedintothinkingtheycanbackoffsimplybecausethingshavebecomemoredifficult.Alargenumberofpeoplechasingrelativelyfeweropportunitiescancreatestrongcompetitivepressure.So,fromtheoutset,keepyourresumeprofessionalandup-to-date.
12Toreinforcethisessentialmessage,successmovingthroughtheodysseyyearswillcometothosewhodon'texpecttoachievetheirgoalsrightawaybutknowthattheymusthavethestrength,capacityandconfidencetoendureoverthelongterm.Ifyou'realittlelatewithyourgoals,don'tfeellikeafailure!
Staystrong,bepositive,andkeepfocused!
Somedayyouwilllookbackandwonderatthevastchangesasyoupassedthroughtheodysseyyears.
LanguagePoints:
1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:
childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Mostofusknowaboutthedifferentlifestagesthatwedescribeaccordingtodifferentagegroups:
childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.
2Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.(Para.1)Meaning:
Wesequencethelifestagesofinfancy,childhood,middleageandoldageaccordingtotheirnaturalorder,witheachparticularlifestagefacingitsownfeaturedchallenges.
Sentencestructurenote:
“withb名词/代词+现在分词”作独立主格结构
“wit+名词/代词+现在分词”构成独立主格结构,主要用作状语,可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
with之后的名词和其后的现在分词构成主谓关系,其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。
例如:
*Shesatdownatthetable,witheachdishemittingadelicioussmell.她在餐桌旁坐了下来,每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。
(状语表示伴随)
*Thegirlsattherequitesilentwithhereyesfixingonthewall.女孩坐在那里一言不发,目不转睛地盯着墙壁。
(状语表示方式)
*Withourfoodrunningout,wehadtowalktoavilageforhelp.由于我们的食物即将吃完,
我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。
(状语表示原因)*Withsummercoming,itisbecominghotterandhotter.随着夏季来临,天气变得越来越热。
(状语表示时间)Usagenote:
peculiar,characteristic,unusualpeculiar,characteristic和unusual都可用作形容词,都含有表示“有特点的;有特色的”等意思,但有细微差别。
*1从词义上说,peculiar着重“独特性”,强调“与众不同的”特征;characteristic常强调所指性质的典型性,也可以表示这些性质使某一事物区别于其他的事物;unusual强调“少见的”,与通常的情况“截然不同的”或“未曾
预料的”特征。
例如:
*Thewinehasapeculiartaste.这种酒有种独特的味道。
*It'scharacteristicofherthatshenevercomplained.从来不发牢骚是她的个性。
*Itwasnotunusualformetocomehomeattwoorthreeinthemorning.凌晨两三点回家对
我来说是很平常的事。
2从用法上说,peculiar通常和介词to搭配,表示“为某人或某物所特有”;characteristic通常和介词of搭配,表示某物或某人有…特性、特征、特色”unusual通常和介词for搭配,表示对…不同寻常”例如:
*Greatmindsingenerallookatlifeinawaypeculiartothemselves.一般来说,伟大的思想家都以自己独特的眼光来看待生活。
Withthefriendlyandgenerouscaresocharacteristicofthesepeople,theyopenedtheirhousetoover50guests.这些人以特有的友好和慷慨关爱,在家接待了50多位客人。
It'snotunusufaolrteenagerstogothroughaphasewhentheyfeelashamedoftheirparents,afraidthattheymightnotliveuptotheirfriends青少年'
经历为自己的父母感到羞愧的阶段是很平常的,他们生怕自己的父母达不到他们朋友所设的标准。
Heaskedmeiftherewasanythingunusualaboutthemanwhohadrobbedme,butIcouldn'taccuratelydescribetheman他问我那个抢劫了我的男人是否有什么不寻常之处,但我不能准确地描述那个男子。
3Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,sucasthechild'sneedtolearn,theadult'sneedtofindtherightcareafamily,andthesenior'sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.(Para.1Meaning:
Byfamiliarizingourselveswiththeparticularchallengessuchastheneedsfordifferentagegroups:
child,adult,andsenior,wecansurelyovercomeallthesechallenges.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Ifwestaypositiveandoptimistic,we'lsuccessfulyhandlethechallengesatdifferentlifestages.
4Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.(Para.2)
Meaningbeyondwords:
Sincethesentencestatesthattheideasaboutlifestagesarechanging,it'spredictablethatthefolowingtextfowciullsonthistopic.
5Inprevioustimes,peopledidn'htaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescenc(Para.3)
Meaning:
Inthepast,peopledidn'htaveaclearconceptaboutseparatingchildhoodfromadulthood.Childrenweresimplyseenasyoungsters.Likewise,peopledidn'tthinkabthoeutlifestageofadolescenceahundredyearsago.
6Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindsensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.(Para.3)
Meaning:
Peopleusedtoconsideritnormal:
Assoonasstudentsgraduatedfromcollege,theywouldbecomepartoftheadultcommunityandfindapracticalandreliablejobtowardacareer.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thingsarenolongerthesameastheywereinthepast.
Collegegraduateswon'tfindanidealjobrightaftertheygraduatefromschootakelongertimebeforetheystartwiththeircareer.
Usagenote:
sensible,sensitive
1.sensible表示明智的”,女口:
asensibleperson(—个明智的人),asensibleplan(—个切合实际的计划)。
Asensiblepersonmakesgooddecisionsandadjustmentsbasedonreasonratherthanemotion.
一个明智的人会根据理智而不是情感来做出合理的决定和判断。
*sensible还可以表示知道的;觉察的”,besensibleof表示感知某事;察觉到某事”。
例如:
*Iamsensibleofthesufferingyouareundergoing.我清楚你正在经历的痛苦。
2.sensitive在词义上表示“敏感的;易受