Spatial Planning and Sustainable Community assignment.docx

Spatial Planning and Sustainable Community assignment.docx

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SpatialPlanningandSustainableCommunityassignment

SustainabledevelopmentofOurCommunities

Name:

WenmingMa

Course:

SpatialPlanningandSustainable

StudentNumber:

D1*******

Date:

4January2014

Contents

1IntroductionofSustainableDevelopment2

1.1DefinitionofsustainableDevelopment2

1.2TheHistoryofSustainableDevelopment3

1.2SustainableDevelopmentisapriorityforIreland4

1.3Sustainablecommunity6

1.3.1DefinitionofSustainablecommunity6

2Ballymun8

2.1BackgroundofBallymun8

2.2TheoriginsofBallymun’sproblems8

2.3RefurbishmentofHighRiseFlatsPhase9

2.4SustainingRegeneration9

2.4.1Introduction9

2.5RegenerationtoBallymun’sDevelopment10

2.6Summary13

3KaikourainNewZealand15

3.1GreenGlobe16

3.2BenefitsofKaikoura’sinvolvementinGreenGlobe16

3.2.1Economic16

3.2.2Environmental17

3.2.3Society17

3.3Summary18

4Conclusion19

Reference20

Acknowledgement22

1IntroductionofSustainableDevelopment

1.1DefinitionofsustainableDevelopment

‘SustainableDevelopmentwasdefinedas‘developmentwhichmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds,however,itcan’tposeahazardtopeople’（WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment,1987）.Theyareaninseparablesystem,itisnecessarytoachievethepurposeofeconomicdevelopment,butalsotoprotecttheenvironmentofhuman’ssurvival,atmosphere,freshwater,oceans,landandforestandothernaturalresources,sothatdescendantcanlivecanliveinpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Thereisarelationshipexistedbetweensustainabledevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection,however,whichisnotequal.Environmentalprotectionisanimportantaspectofsustainabledevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmentisthecoreofdevelopment,whichrequiresstrictcontrolofpopulation,improvingqualityofpopulationandenvironmentalprotection,sustainableuseofresourcestodevelopeconomyandsociety（Enda,K,2012）.

Thereare3corepillarsofsustainabledevelopment:

theenvironment,theeconomic,andthesocial:

1.Environment：

thisrelatetotheresourcesandvulnerabilityofthephysicalenvironmentandtheeffectsonitofhumanactivityanddecisions.Andtheenvironmentalissuescommittedintothedevelopmentofsocialandeconomicpolicy.

2.Economic:

Sustainableeconomicdevelopmentisareasonableformofeconomicdevelopment.Throughimplementationofstrategyofsustainableeconomicdevelopment,itcanmakesocialeconomyformapatternofsustainableeconomicdevelopment.Theessenceofthismodelisamodernecologicaleconomicdevelopmentpattern,itcorrectlyachieveeconomic,social,ecologicalcoordinationandsustainableinthedifferentlevels.Then,itpromotetheproduction,consumptionanddistributiontoconformrequirementsofthesustainabledevelopmentofeconomy,whichestablishecologicalagricultureandecologicalindustryinthedevelopmentofindustryandbuildaruralandurbaneconomicsustainableofdevelopmentmodelontheregionaldevelopment.

3.Social:

Itisanunderstandingofsocialsystem,andtheirrolekeepchanginganddevelopmentallthetime,aswellasthedemocraticandparticipatorysystemwhichgivechancetoexpresstheopinion,theselectionofgovernments,theestablishmentofconsensusandtheresolutionofdifferences（Education,2012）.

Economy,society,environmentisthefundamentalofsustainabledevelopment.First,sustainableutilizationofresourcesandgoodecologicalenvironmentisthebasicofsustainabledevelopment.Inaddition,sustainabledevelopmenttreateconomicsustainableaspremise.Thirdly,thecoreofsustainabledevelopmentishuman,whichseektheoverallprogressofsocietyasthegoal.Sustainabledevelopmentpursuittoachievethegoalofshorttimeandlongtime,accesstheshort-termprofitandlong-termprofitatthesametime,andeconomic,social,population,resources,environmentcoordinatingcomprehensivedevelopment.

1.2TheHistoryofSustainableDevelopment

Inthe1972,UnitedNationsconferenceontheHumanEnvironmentheldinStochholm,theschemeisthatindustrializedcountriesanddevelopingcountriestogetherdepictthe“right”humanfamilytoahealthyandproductiveenvironment.Afteraseriesofsuchconferences,the“right”ofpeopleincludesadequatefood,impeccablehouse,safewater,andassesstowayoffamilyplanning（Uncsd,2012）.

UnitedNationsconferenceonenvironmentanddevelopmentinRioDEjaneiroin1992approvedadeclarationcallingforthecomprehensiveplanofactionallovertheworldtoachieveamoresustainabledevelopmentpatterninthe21stcentury.AttheworldsummitforsustainabledevelopmentinJohannesbugin2002afurtherdeclarationandplanofimplementationhavebeenagreedtosettheinternationalcontextforsustainabledevelopmenttogether.

SustainabledevelopmentisalsogivenpriorityattheEuropeanlevel.In1997,itbecameabasicgoalwasincludedintheTreatyofAmsterdamasoverallgoalofEuropeanUnionpolicies.InsummitofGothnburginJune2001,EUleaderslaunchedthefirststrategyofEUSustainableDevelopment,whichisbasedonthecommission’sproposals.NewsustainabledevelopmentstrategyhasbeenpassedintheEuropeanCouncilinJune2006（Uncsd,2012）.

TheoverallobjectiveofstrategyofEuropeanUnionsustainabledevelopmentistoidentifyanddevelopactionstoenabletheEUtoachievecontinuousimprovementinqualityoflifeforcurrentandfuture.Peoplecaneffectivelymanagetheresourcesanduseofresourcesbycreatingsustainablecommunities,whichcanensureprosperity,environmentalprotectionandsocialcohesion.

OnDecember24th,2009,theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyadoptedaresolution（a/RES/64/236）agreewiththemeetingoftheUnitedNationsconferenceonsustainabledevelopmentwouldbeheldin2012（Uncsd,2012）.Meetingforthethreegoals:

toensurethesustainabledevelopmentofthenewpoliticalcommitment,assessprogressandimplementationofthegap,andaddressnewandemergingchallenges.Memberstateshaveagreedtothefollowingtwoconferencethemes:

withinthesustainabledevelopmentofgreeneconomyandeliminatepoverty,andtheinstitutionalframeworkofsustainabledevelopment.TheLisbontreaty（2009）pointedoutthattheEUisoneofthegoalsofworkforthesustainabledevelopmentofEurope,especiallyinahighlevelofprotectionandimprovementofthequalityoftheenvironment.Althoughtheideaofsustainabledevelopmentisincludeintheexistingtreaty,buttheLisbontreatystrengthenanddefinethisgoal.

1.2SustainableDevelopmentisapriorityforIreland

In2012,Ireland’seconomicsituationwasverydifferentfromearlierofthepasttenyears.ReferredtostandardindexofGrossNationalProduct,GrossNationalProduct,Economicdevelopmenttrend,Newhousingoutput,taxrevenuesandthelevelsofemployment,allofthesedroppeddownsharply.Wehadalsoseenariseinunemployment,bankingcrisisandrealestatemarketafterthecollapse.Manyfactorscausedtheseunsustainabletrends,including:

rapidgrowthinemployment,massiveinwardmigration（annualimmigrationrosesharplyfrom52600personsin2000topeakat109,500in2007）,rapidnaturalpopulationgrowth,financialincentivefortheconstructionsector,risingcarownershipandweaknessinstrategicwaytospatialplanning.Inarapidrisingdevelopmentandtheprosperity,theexistingstructureandcontrolsweresonotstrongthatcan’twithstandthepressuresthatinevitablyarose.

IrelandandotherEUmemberstatesandtheEuropeanUnionItselfisoneof193countieswhoarepartiestoconventiononbiologicalDiversity.Theconventioncoversallecosystems,speciesandgeneticresourcesandadmitsthattheymustbeusedforthebenefitofmankind,butinsistedthatitshouldbedoneinsomewayandseed,whichdon’tleadtoalong-termdeclineinbiodiversity.Irelandneedsalotofinvestmenttoprotectbiodiversity,buttheconventionthatprotectionwillbringusgreatenvironmental,economic,andsocialbenefits.ForIrelandwiththeexistingresourcesandenvironment,peopleshouldconsiderhowtoprotectandusetheseresources.Thesustainabledevelopmentofenvironmentistheonlyroadofdevelopmentinthefuture,theyneedtoprotecttheecologicaldiversityandecosystem.Forusingresources,peopleshouldconverttonewenergyresources,andthereasonabledevelopmentandutilizationofnewenergyistherequirementofthesustainabledevelopmentstrategy.

TheEurope2020StrategywasimplementedinIreland,EUadoptedtheLisbonStrategyasitssuccessoronGrowthandCompetitiveness.Itwasusedtoassistinrespondingtotheeconomicchallengesbyhelptothecreationofemploymentandsmart,sustainableandinclusivegrowth.AnditwillensureIrelandbecomesalow-carbon,competitive,resource-efficientandclimate-resilientcountry.

TheEurope2020StrategylaysdownfiveimportantgoalsfortheEUovertheperiodto2020:

1.Employment-75%of20-64yearoldstobeemployed;

2.ResearchandDevelopmentInnovation-3%oftheEU’sGDPtobeinvestedinInnovation;

3.Climatechange-GHGemissions20%,20%ofenergyfromrenewables,20%increaseinenergyefficiency;

4.Education–reducingshoulddrop–outratesbelow10%,morethan40%of30–34year-oldscompletingthird-leveleducation;

5.Poverty/Socialexclusion–morethan20millionfewerpeopleinoratriskofpovertyandsocialexclusion;

Italsocontainssevennewflagshipprojects,oneofthecentersinEuropetobuildaconservationmindedsociety.ThiswillbeakeydrivertopromotesustainabledevelopmentandgreeneconomicagendainthefutureinEurope.Thiswillprovidealong-termfra