18学年下学期高二联考英语试题附答案.docx

18学年下学期高二联考英语试题附答案.docx

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18学年下学期高二联考英语试题附答案

2017—2018学年度下学期省六校协作体高二联合考试

英语试题

命题学校：

凤城一中命题人：

高二英语组校对人：

高二英语组

第I卷

第一部分：

听力（共两节，满分30分）

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Lifeinspacewillcertainlytakesomegettingusedto!

Butthespacestationhasbeendesigned tokeeptheastronautsascomfortableaspossible—themodules（舱）areroomy，bright，andkeptataconstant21°C.It’simportantthecrewmembersarecomfortablebecausethey’llbebusyaboardthestation.Inatypicalworkday，crewmemberswillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals，and8.5hourssleeping.Herearesomeotherfunfactsaboutlifeaboardthestation：

Food

Comemealtime,astronautswillhaveaspecialdiningkitchen.Spacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.Inearlyspacemissions,astronautscouldeatonlyfreeze-driedfoodthatdidn’trequireanypreparation.Butthespacestationisequippedwithwater,microwaveovens,andrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetables,andicecream!

Sleep

Eachcrewmemberhasaprivateroom.Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway！

Thatmightsoundlikeastrangewaytosleep,butastronautsfrompastspacemissionsreportthatsleepinginspaceisactuallyprettygreat!

Exercise

Youmightnotthinkit,butexerciseisevenmoreimportantonthestationthanitisonEarth.Thereisnotmuchgravityinspace.Astronautsdon’tstandup,sitdownorwalkinspace,sotheirmusclesandbonesdon’thavetoworkmuch—andthismuscleandbonelosscanbedangerousbackonEarth.Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.

Clothing

AstronautswillhavetowearspecialspacesuitswhiletravelingaboardtheU.S.shuttleorRussianrockets.Butoncethey’resafeinsidethespacestation,crewmemberscanwearregularclothing.Ofcourse,aspeciallydesignedpressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.Ithastobearflyingpiecesandprotecttheastronautsfromdramatictemperaturechanges.Itcanrangefrom-84°Cintheshadowofthestationto121°Cinthehotsun.

PersonalCleanliness

Simpletaskslikebrushingyourteethcanbechallenginginaweightlessenvironment.Alittlewaterdoesn’tflowinastream.Astronautswilluseafreshwaterhose（软管）totakeshowers,shampoo，andwashoff—thenasecondvacuumhosetosuction（吸）offthedirtywater.Andhowdoyougotothebathroominspace?

Withaspecial“airtoilet”thatusesflowingairinsteadofwatertogetridofwaste.

21.Thetextismainlyabout___________

A.waystogetusedtolifeinspace

B.funfactsaboutlifeinspace

C.temperaturechangesinspace

D.atypicalworkdayinspace

22.Whatdoweknowaboutspacefoodfromthetext?

A.Astronautscouldeatapplesinspaceinthepast

B.Astronautseatonlyfruit,vegetablesandicecreamnow.

C.Spacefoodisgettingbetternowthanbefore.

D.Freshfoodisn’tavailabletoastronautsinspace.

23.WhyisexercisemoreimportantinspacethanonEarth?

A.Becauseitcanmakeastronautsfeelrelaxedinspace.

B.Becauseitcanhelpastronautsspendtheirsparetimehappily.

C.Becauseastronauts’livesaremoreimportantinspacethanonEarth.

D.Becauseitcanpreventastronautsfromcausingmuscleandboneloss.

24.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheparagraph“Clothing”?

A.Thetemperatureisquitedifferentindifferentplacesinspace.

B.Astronautswearpressurizedspacesuitsjusttokeepwarm.

C.Astronautsmustwearspecialspacesuitsallthetimeinspace.

D.Astronautscanwearregularclothingforspacewalksnow.

B

It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.

ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone（荷尔蒙）sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.

Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates（使活跃）brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.   

Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.

   So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecial,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.

25.Theauthordescribestwosituationsinthefirstparagraphto_______.

A. remindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.

B. deepentheunderstandingofhunger.

C. reportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.

D.introducethetopicofthewholepassage.

26.Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?

A. Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.

B. Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.

C. Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.

D. Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.

27.What'sthelikelyresultofdieting?

A. Thedecreaseofchemicals.                B. Theincreaseoffooddesire.

C. Therefusaloffatandsugar.              D. Thedisappearanceofappetite.

28.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyouseethispassage?

A. Education             B. Entertainment

C. Science         D. Economy

C

 NASAmightbefamousforsendingrocketsuptospacequickly.Butitwillbemorefamousformakingyournextholidaycomemorequickly.

   Thespaceagencyisworkingonanewplane,whichcouldsolvetheproblemsofsupersonic（超音速的）flightandvastlyincreasethespeedofjourneysabroad.Ifsuccessful,theplanewouldbeabletoflybetweenNewYorkandLondoninjustthreehours.Anditwouldreducethetimespentflyingotherjourneysbyahalf,sinceitcouldbeusedmorebroadly.Untilnow,theproblemwithsuchplaneshasbeenthesonicboom（声爆）,madefamousbytheoriginalConcorde（协和客机）.Thathappenswhenaplanereachessupersonicspeeds.

   Itisathunderousnoisethatupsetspeopleontheground—disturbinganimalsandevencausingphysicalproblemstomaterialsandhousesunderneath.ItwasthateffectthatledCongresstobansuchplanesfrombeingusedovertheUSland,adecisionthatinturnwasresponsibleforConcorde'sfailingtobecommerciallyused.

   Inviewoftheproblem,thespaceagencyhasdevelopedanewtechnologyandtrieditoutinwindtunnels,andnowbelievesthatitcouldbeputtocommercialuse.Thatplanewillflyashighas55,000feet—farhigherthannormalplanes—andmakeasoundofonly60decibels.That'sfarlessthan90decibelsthrownoutbynormalplanes,andisroughlyinlinewithacaronthemotorwayorabusyrestaurant.

   “Aslongaswecangetendorsementfromthegeneralpublic,theplanewillprobablybesomethingthat'sacceptable,”saidPeterCoen,projectmanagerforNASA'scommercialsupersonicresearchteam,inanewBloombergreport.“Ifwegetapproved,wewillhavethefull-sizedversionoftheplanetriedoutandtheplanewillbeputintouse.”

29.WhydoestheauthormentionConcorde?

A. TosuggesttherapiddevelopmentofplanesintheUSA.

B. Tomakeusknowthenegativeeffectofthesonicboomsbetter.

C. Tointroducehowacommercialplaneisdesigned.

D. ToshowusthatConcordefinallyfailedtobecommerciallyused.

30.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Thebasicdataofthenewplane.

B. Theworkingprincipleofthenewplane.

C. Theproblemsofthenewplane.

D. Thepotentialmarketofthenewplane.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorsement”inparagraph5mean?

A. response         B. commitment        

C. investment       D. agreement

32.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?

A. BecausehewantstoinformpeopleofNASA'snewplane.

B. Becausehewantstoprovethedisadvantagesofsupersonicflight.

C. Becausehewantstoexplainwhyspeedmattersinsupersonicflight.

D. Becausehewantstoclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutcommercialplanes.

D

Ofallnaturaldisasters,forestfiresareoftenconsideredthemostfrightening.Movingatlightningspeed,hugewallsofflamescanburnacresoflandinjustafewminutes.Andalthoughtechnology,includingtheuseoffire-retardantchemicals,hasgreatlyhelpedthefightagainstforestfires,theystilldogreatdamage.

   AccordingtotheNationalInteragencyFireCenter,thefireseasonlastyearwastheworstonrecordintermsofthenumberoffiresandacresburned.Therewere96.385firesand9.873429acresaffectedbyfireinayearthatwas125%moredestructivethanthe10-yearaverage.Thesefirescostthefederalgovernment$1.5billiontofight,andthisfiguredoesnot