高中英语语法复习定语从句复习指导附练习.docx
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高中英语语法复习定语从句复习指导附练习
高中英语语法定语从句复习指导附练习
(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、关系副词:
when,where,why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:
1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句:
从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定语从句:
从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1)用that而不用which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2)用which而不用that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词+关系代词。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3)as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。
通常用下列句型:
asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
2.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?
Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1.Theperson________ ________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________ ________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________ ________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________ ________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________ ________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________ ________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、选择填空:
1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.who B.which C.whom D.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.that B.which C.what D.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.when B.where C.which D.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.which B.that C.whom D.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whom B.which C.who D.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.when B.where C.which D.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.who B./ C.that D.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.who B.whom C.towhom D.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.
A.withwhom B.when C.towhom D.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohim B.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingto D.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowed B.youshowedhim C.youshowed D.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhom B.fromwhom C.aboutthat D.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.where B.who C.inwhich D.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.that B.whom C.when D.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.that B.which C.whatever D.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthem B.mostofthat C.mostofwhom D.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.who B.which C.that D.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.where B./ C.when D.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.where B.that C.which D.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.which B.inwhich C.that D./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,what B.what,that C.which,what D.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.that B.which C.its D.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whom B.who C.towhom D.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theone B.which C.that D.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theone B.where C.inwhich D./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.it B.which C.that D.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewere B.whichtherewere C.thattherewere D.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.which B.whose C.where D.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?
----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeit B.gametheylike C.bestgametheylike D.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.which B.whichtime C.duringwhichtime D.