高中英语语法复习定语从句复习指导附练习.docx

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高中英语语法复习定语从句复习指导附练习.docx

高中英语语法复习定语从句复习指导附练习

高中英语语法定语从句复习指导附练习

(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

  1、关系代词:

who,whom,whose,which,that,as

  2、关系副词:

when,where,why

  关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,   同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

  e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)

  ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)

  3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:

1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。

  

(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

  1、限制性定语从句:

从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。

  e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)

  2、非限制性定语从句:

从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。

  e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)

  (三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

  1、that与which的区别。

  1)用that而不用which的情况:

①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。

  e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

  ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

  ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

  MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

  2)用which而不用that的情况:

①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词+关系代词。

  e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。

  Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

  3)as引导定语从句时的用法

  ①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。

  e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

  SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

  ②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。

通常用下列句型:

asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。

  e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

  3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

  ①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

  e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.

  Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.

  ②当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。

  e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.

  2.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

  e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

  ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.

  3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

  e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.

  4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。

  e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

  5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

  e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.

  6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who,且可省略。

  e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.

  练习、定语从句

  一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:

  1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.

  2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.

  3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.

  4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.

  5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.

  6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.

  7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.

  8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.

  9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

  10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.

  11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.

  12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.

  13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.

  14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.

  15.Isthatthewoman?

Herdaughterisinmyclass.

  16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.

  17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.

  18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.

  19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.

  20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.

  二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

  1.Theperson________ ________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.

  2.Thepencil________ ________hewaswritingbroke.

  3.WuDong,________ ________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

  4.Thetwothings________ ________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.

  5.Herbag,________ ________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.

  6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________ ________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.

  三、选择填空:

  1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.

  A.who                 B.which              C.whom              D.when

  2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.

  A.whose              B.who                 C.whom              D.which

  3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.

  A.that                 B.which              C.what                D.as

  4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?

  A.when               B.where                     C.which              D.who

  5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.

  A.which              B.that                  C.whom              D.as

  6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

  A.whom              B.which              C.who                 D.when

  7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?

  A.when               B.where              C.which              D.who

  8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?

  A.who                 B./                      C.that                  D.when

  9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.

  A.who                 B.whom       C.towhom                 D.towho

  10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.

  A.withwhom              B.when               C.towhom          D.which

  11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.

  A.thenurseistalkingtohim              B.whomthenurseistalking

  C.thenurseistalkingto                           D.whothenurseistalking

  12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.

  A.whichyoushowed   B.youshowedhim       C.youshowed             D.whereyoushowed

  13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.

  A.ofwhom          B.fromwhom             C.aboutthat         D.who

  14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.

  A.where              B.who                 C.inwhich           D.which

  15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?

  A.that                 B.whom              C.when               D.whose

  16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.

  A.that                 B.which                     C.whatever          D.all

  17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.

  A.mostofthem    B.mostofthat             C.mostofwhom  D.mostofthose

  18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.

  A.who                 B.which              C.that                  D.as

  19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.

  A.whoever           B.whomever        C.anyone             D.theone

  20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.

  A.where              B./                      C.when               D.what

  21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.

  A.where              B.that                  C.which              D.onwhich

  22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.

  A.which              B.inwhich           C.that                  D./

  23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.

  A.that,what         B.what,that         C.which,what             D.that,which

  24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?

  A.that                 B.which              C.its                    D.whose

  25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.

  A.whom              B.who                 C.towhom          D.formwhom

  26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?

  A.theone            B.which              C.that                  D.where

  27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?

  A.theone            B.where              C.inwhich           D./

  28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?

  A.whose              B.who                C.whom              D.which

  29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.

  A.it                     B.which              C.that                  D.he

  30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.

  A.whentherewere             B.whichtherewere             C.thattherewere         D.wheretherewere

  31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.

  A.which              B.whose              C.where              D.inthat

  32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?

                 ----The____mostistennis.

  A.gametheylikeit             B.gametheylike  C.bestgametheylike   D.bestgametheylikeit

  33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.

  A.which              B.whichtime       C.duringwhichtime    D.

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