高一升高二英语衔接暑期英语新高二英语语法专题之非谓语动词1.docx
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高一升高二英语衔接暑期英语新高二英语语法专题之非谓语动词1
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年级:
新高二课时数:
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
授课类型
C非谓语动词基础知识梳理
C非谓语动词语法填空易错点梳理
T能力提升
授课日期及时段
教学内容
1.专题知识梳理
非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:
非谓语形式
构成
特征和作用
时态和语态
否定式
复合结构
不定式
todo
tobedoing
tohavedone
tobedone
tohavebeendone
在非谓语前加not
forsb.todosth.
具有名词,副词和形容词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定、表、补和状语
分词
现在分词
doing
havingdone
beingdone
havingbeendone
具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词
done
动名词
doing
havingdone
beingdone
havingbeendone
sb’sdoing
具有名词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定和表语
二.专题精讲
1.做宾语的非谓语动词比较:
情况
常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词
hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen,demand,refuse,learn,choose
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,deny,prevent,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider(考虑)
can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,
insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,
lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto
两者都可以
意义基本相同
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词
多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反
stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事
stopdoing停止正在做的事
意义不同
remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)
goontodo(接着做另外一件事)
goondoing(接着做同一件事)
trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)
trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)
meantodo(打算做,企图做)
meandoing(意识是,意味着)
can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)
2.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
不定式
ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage
主谓关系。
强调动作将发生或已经完成
Weshouldencouragestudentstofindthemistakesbythemselves.
Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.
have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make
现在分词
notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系。
强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.
过去分词
动宾关系。
动作已经完成,多强调状态
We
foundthevillagegreatlychanged.
3.非谓语动词做定语的区别:
区别
举例
不定式
与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生
Ihavealotofpaperstotype.
Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.
动名词
通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系
Shallwegototheswimmingpool?
现在分词
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,
示动作与谓语动作同时发生
theboilingwater/theboiledwater
thedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountry
thefallingleaves/thefallenleaves
过去分词
与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成
4.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:
区别
举例
不定式
多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。
做表语有时可和主语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。
Mydreamistobecomeateacher.
Toobeythelawisimportant.
(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主语时常用)
动名词
与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也可以用it做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置。
Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.
Teachingismyjob.
分词
无名词的性质,不能做主语。
但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。
现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,说明主语的性质特征,多表示主动,主语多为物。
过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…”之意,主语多是人。
Thesituationisencouraging.
Thebookiswellwritten.
(常见分词有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)
5.非谓语动词做状语的区别:
区别
举例
不定式VS分词
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。
动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:
not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意义
b:
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:
find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。
c:
不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。
Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.(伴随)
Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.(目的)
Readingattentively,heforgotthetimeforlunch.(原因)
Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore.(时间)
Readingcarefully,you'lllearnsomethingnew.(条件)
Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.(结果)
Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.(结果)
Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)
动名词
不作状语
现在分词VS过去分词
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Hewentout,shuttingthedoorbehindhim.
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.
三.专题过关
1.Tomadmitted____________thedocumentinthemorningwithoutgettinghismanager’spermission.
A.readB.beingreadC.toreadD.havingread
2.You’llfindthehotissuethatDaVinciFurnitureCo.,Ltdsoldfraudfurniture_________alloverChina.
A.talkaboutB.totalkaboutC.talkingaboutD.talkedabout
3.Whatafantasticviewitis!
Weseemillionsofgoldenrapeflowers,rowsofhousesandsmoke__________frombehindthem.
A.roseB.toriseC.risingD.risen
4.Adisabledboybeggingonthestreetwasreported___________byacar,butthedriverfledinsteadofsendinghimtohospital.
A.beinghitB.tobehitC.havingbeenhitD.tohavebeenhit
5.Oneofthebasicprinciplesofwildlifeprotectioninvolves_______adequatenaturalfoodandsheltertomaintainpopulationsofeachspeciesinagivenenvironment.
A.providedB.providingC.toprovideD.provide
6.Wearingshoes_______fortheactivityyouaredoingcanhelpavoidsomefootinjuriestoalargeextent.
A.designB.designingC.designedD.todesign
7.Thisscientistisknown_______onthisproblemforabouttenyears.
A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohavebeenworkingD.tohavebeenworked
8.________thoroughly,thegardenlookedmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.
A.CleaningB.HavingbeencleanedC.HavingitcleanedD.Hehadcleanedit
9.Somethingassimpleas______thoughtsopenlycanmakeapowerfuldifferencetoone’shealth.
A.toshareB.sharingC.shareD.shared
10.TheInternetgivespeoplethechancetohavetheinformation____tothemquicklyandcheaply.
A.deliverB.deliveringC.deliveredD.todeliver
11.ThespeechtheministermadeonTV______theeducationreformmadebothteachersandstudentsexcited.
A.beingconcernedB.toconcernC.concernedD.concerning
12.______nottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous.
A.BeingremindedB.ToremindCHavingremindedD.Reminded
13.Tonyisaquietboyandheisaccustomed______atmeals,whichisalwaysappreciated.
A.nottotalkB.tonottalkC.tonottalkingD.nottotalking
14.______wonderingwhichwaytotake,thelittleboybehavedlikearealgentlemanwhocomfortedhissisterfromtimetotime.
A.LeavingB.HavingleftC.ToleaveD.Left
15.Shanghainowincreasesthesupplyofsmallerhouses,______tohelplow–incomefamilies
tobuyhousesoftheirown.
A.aimedB.beingaimedC.aimingD.havingaimed
16Peoplehopethenewmeasures______houseprices,takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.
A.tocontrolB.controlledC.controllingD.havingcontrolled
17Istayeduplatedoingmyhomeworkyesterday,soIhadtrouble_____upearlythismorning.
A.getB.gettingC.gotD.toget
18.“Haveaniceday!
”isawonderfulexpression,_____us,ineffect,toenjoythemomentandtovaluethisveryday.
A.remindsB.toremindC.toberemindingD.reminding
19.Seedplants–plants_____fromseeds–needwater,sunlightandmineraltogrowvigorously.
A.grownB.togrowC.tobegrownD.havinggrown
20.Itisthedutyofateacher_____theinterestofstudentsandpassonknowledgetothem.
A.tobestimulatingB.tohavestimulatedC.tobestimulatedD.tostimulate
21.Badly_____charitiesoftengiveaportionofdonationstotheircauseswhilespendingthemajorityofmoneyonsalaries.
A.managingB.managedC.havingmanagedD.tobemanaged
22.Wefirmlybelievethattheproject,if____accordingtotheplan,willdefinitelyworkoutwell.
A.carryingoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.tobecarriedout
23.Don’tansweranye-mails______yourprivateinformation,howeverofficialtheylook.
A.requestingB.torequestC.requestedD.havingrequested
24.WhatpeoplelearnedfromChinaGotTalentedwasthatthereweresomanytalentedpeopleouttherewaiting______.
A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered
25.______theburdenofcarryingheavyschoolbags,someschoolsintroducediBooksafewweeksago.
A.EliminatingB.EliminatedC.ToeliminateD.Havingeliminated
26.______inatop-leveluniversityabroadiswhatmanystudentswishfor.
A.EducatedB.BeingeducatedC.ToeducateD.Educating
27.Judgingfromthedate_______onthegoldcoin,wecantellthatitwasmade500yearsago.
A.beingmarkedB.markedC.tomarkD.tobemarked
28.______alittlemoneyfromherpocketmoney,Alicewasabletobuyhermotheralovelyscarf.
A.TosaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Havingsaved
29.People_____silverorwhitecarswere50%lesslikelytosufferseriousinjuryinacrash,comparedwithdriversofdarkcolorcars.
A.driveB.drivingC.drivenD.todrive
30.Medicalteamsarereported________toisolatedvillagestohelppeoplefightagainstthecoldsnapinEurope.
A.tohavebeensentB.tobesentC.sentD.havingbeensent
四.学法提炼
本次专题详细梳理了非谓语动词的基础知识点及核心考点,并通过练习落实学生对于知识点的掌握。
一.专题知识梳理
非谓语动词解题步骤(有提示词)-“三步走”
1)找逻辑主语---找非谓语动词的逻辑主语
注意:
找逻辑主语先要弄清楚非谓语所充当的成分
A.充当定语---逻辑主语即为所修饰的名词或者代词
1.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.
2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_________(repair)firstisthelibrary.
B.充当状语---逻辑主语是主句的主语
1._________(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.
2.Itr