简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致.docx
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简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致
专题一：
简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致
简单句的五种基本句型.。
动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。
你所学过的常见不及物动词有run,dance,go,come，rise,sit,set,stand,lie,更多的是不及物动词,有些动词，既是及物动词，也是不及物动词。
英语的五大句型有
主谓
主谓宾
主系表
主谓双宾语
主谓宾，宾补（复合句）
Heran.
Thesunhasrisen.
Theysatontheground.
Hehascome.
Shelikesfootball.
Theyknowme.
IwatchedTVlastnight.
连系动词
概念：
连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。
常用的连系动词有：
be,look,appear,seem,sound,smell,taste,become,turn,get,grow,go,run,come,feel,remain,keep,prove
Hebecameadoctor.
MyteacherisanAmerican.
Isityours?
ThatisallIwanttotellyou.
Hisfaceturnedred.
Thestorysoundedinteresting.
Rosessmellsweet.
Hewentred.
Keepsilent.
判断下列句子是什么句型：
Thebookisinteresting.
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.
Helivesinthehouse.
Keepsilent.
WespeakChinese.
Waterisimportant.
Heboughtadictionary.
Helookedexcited.
Helikedswimming.
主谓双宾
概念：
指的是动词的后面有两个宾语，间接宾语和直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
常见的动词有：
give,lend,show,borrow,send,bring,tell等。
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
Myfatherboughtmeapen.
Givemethebook.
Hesentmeabirthdaygiftyesterday.
Couldyoushowmethewaytotherailwaystation?
宾语补足语
概念：
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要求有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有：
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let,watch,notice,hear,observe,help,elect,feel等。
WecallhimWanglin.
Weconsiderhimanhonestman.
Isawhimyoungandstrong,andnowheisoldandworn.（年老体弱）
Youmust’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.
Wesawhimplayingfootball..
IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.
Theyfoundthecitygreatlychanged.
Ifoundthehorsetiedtoatree.
Wefoundeverythingintheroomingoodorder.
Letthefreshairin.
Isawhimoutwithhisfather.
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
练习
Hegavemeabike.
Isawhimsittingthere.
Hetoldmethenews.
Inoticedhimcomein.
Ilenthim10yuan.
Ifoundthebabyalwayshappy.
Lethimhelpyou.
Hegaveusalecture.
Wefoundthecarbroken.
Weheardhimsingingasong.
定语
概念：
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
Guilinisabeautifulcity.
Thisisanoldbook.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?
Thisisabridgebuiltlastyear.
Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.
Theyaregoingtoputupawallnewspapernextweek.
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.
DoyouknowthestudentwhoseEnglishpronunciationisthebestinyourclass?
Theteacherboughtthirtybooks
Welearnedtwoparagraghslastlesson.
Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadviceanddomoreexercises.
Mary’parentshavegoneabroad.
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.
Ican’gowithyou.Istillhavealotofworktodo.
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
Youmustn’ttakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
Whoisthegirlinred?
Anoiseoutsidemadehimturnaround.
Themanintheroombelowisfriendly.
Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.
IwillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.
状语
概念：
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
Herunsfast.
Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere.
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.
Theboxistooheavyformetolift.
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.
Notknowingwhattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforhelp.
Waitaminute.
Wouldyoupleasecomethisway?
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.
Itisverydifficulttolivewherethereislittlewater.
Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.
句子成份分析
1.Hesmiledhappily.2.WeloveEnglish.
3.Hewalkedslowly4.Hewalkedthedog.
5.Hewritescarefully.6.Hewritesaletter.
7.Hearrivedearly.8.Hearrivedatthestationearly.
9.Hedroveslowly.10.Helayinbed.
11.Ifeltsick.12.Thedishsmellssweet.
13.Itsoundsreasonable.14.Heisrunning.
15.Weweretalking.16.Tomisworking.
17..Wevisitedthefactorylastyear.
18.Thethiefenteredthebuildingafewminutesago.
19.Ifoundthempaintingabigwindow.
20.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised
21..Heattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday.
同位语
概念：
同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明他们的性质或情况，他可以由名词或代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
他也可以说是一种定语。
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.
Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.
Heisoldestamongthemfour.
Hetoldmethenewsthattheirteamhadwon.
主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。
有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。
处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。
知识点概述
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：
LearningEnglishisveryimportant.
学习英语是很重要的。
ThegirltogetherwithhertwosistershasleftforNanjing.
BothBobandTomaremyfriends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：
Asingeranddancerisgoingtoattendourmeeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each,every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。
例如：
Everyboyandeverygirlwasgivenapresent.
Eachwordandeachphraseinthedictionaryisimportant.
1.Afactoryworkerandwriteris\aregoingtogiveusatalk.
2.Afactoryworkerandawriterare\isgoingtogiveusatalk.
3.Theyare\isbusynow.
4.TeachingEnglishis\aremyjob.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。
如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。
例如：
Itseemstomethatfiveyearsissoshortatime.
Twohundreddollarswasspentonthebooks.
有些集体名词，如family,group,class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。
例如：
Myfamilyisahappyone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
1.Fivemilesis\arenotashortdistanceforaboyof7yearsold.
2.Thepolicewere\wassearchingforthethiefinthehotel.
3.Politicsis\aredifficulttolearn.
4.Heisoneofthebeststudentswhois\arepraisedinourschool.
5.Heistheonlyoneofthebeststudentswhois\arepraisedinourschool.
三、就近一致
出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。
Therebe,Herebe句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。
当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。
例如：
Thereisanorange,twoapplesandmanybananasonthetable.
Therearetwobooksandadictionaryonthedesk.
两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。
例如：
NeitheryounorIamright.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisgoingtoattendthemeeting.
但如果用aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,but,except,tather连接than,including,like等主语用靠前原则
例如：
Maryaswellasyouismyfriend.
manya,morethanone…从意义上讲是：
“很多，不止，但从语法上讲，仍是单数。
”如：
Manyastudenthasbeentiredbyhislongspeech.
Morethanonestudentisgoingtobealawyerinthefuture.
quantity，quantities的用法。
quantity作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities作主语时谓语动词用复数，不用考虑后面名词的可数与不可数。
如：
Quantitiesofwaterareneeded.
Quantityofwaterisneeded.
Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.
NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIknowsthatdirectorisgoingtoresign.
Exercises:
1.Thereis\arealotofmilkinthebottle.
2.E-mail,aswellastelephone,is\areplayinganimportantpartindailycommunication.
3.EitheryouorIam\arewrong.
倍数的表示方法：
倍数的表示方法有一下三种：
看下面的句子：
1.Thishouseisasbigasthatone.
2.Thishouseistwiceasbigasthatone.
3.Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone.
4.Thishouseistwicethesizeofthatone.
从上面的例句我们知道，比较级有三种情况：
第一种：
倍数+as+原级+as
第二种：
倍数+比较级+than
第三种：
倍数+the+size\width\length\height+of短语
must的反意疑问句
当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn’t。
当含有mustn’t（“不允许、禁止”）时，其反意疑问部分用must。
Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tsmokehere,mustn’tyou?
当must表示“推测，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后边的动词形式确定。
如：
Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?
Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?
Youmusthavewatchedthefootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou?
Hemustbeadoctor.
Youmusthavereadthebook.
Hemusthavefinishedtheworkyesterday.
第一节实战演练
1.His“SelectedPoems”______firstpublishedin1965.
A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
2.Allbutone______herejustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
3.Seventypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.
A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome
4.Morethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.
A.isB.wasC.areD.be
5.Thewholeclass______theteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening
6.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica______oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
7.Theairinbigcities______verydirtybyfactories.
A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade
8.Alargenumberofstudentsofthisschool_______fondofplayingfootball.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
9.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
10.I,who______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourlessons.
A.beB.amC.areD.is
11.Tendollars______abigsumforasmallchild,andtheywillgoalongway.
A.areB.beingC.haveD.is
12.Therich______notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
13.Applesofthiskind_______.
A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell
14.TheOlympicGames_______heldevery_______years.
A.is…fourB.are…fourC.is…fiveD.are…five
15.Noonebutherparents______it.
A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingd.areknowing
16.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook.
A.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis
17.Nobirdandnobeast_______inthelonelyisland.
A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees
18.Thenewsofvictories______spreadingfarandwide.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.were
19.Fewofhisfamily______withhisimaginativeideas.
A.agreeB.agreesC.areagreedD.isagreed
20.Thepaperforbooksandnewspapers_____madeofwood.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
21.Neitheryourmothernoryou______athome
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