简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致.docx
《简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致.docx(42页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-1/1/73788e6b-47cb-497e-a236-d0be71c88f15/73788e6b-47cb-497e-a236-d0be71c88f151.gif)
简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致
专题一:
简单句的五种基本句型和主谓一致
简单句的五种基本句型.。
动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。
你所学过的常见不及物动词有run,dance,go,come,rise,sit,set,stand,lie,更多的是不及物动词,有些动词,既是及物动词,也是不及物动词。
英语的五大句型有
主谓
主谓宾
主系表
主谓双宾语
主谓宾,宾补(复合句)
Heran.
Thesunhasrisen.
Theysatontheground.
Hehascome.
Shelikesfootball.
Theyknowme.
IwatchedTVlastnight.
连系动词
概念:
连系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。
常用的连系动词有:
be,look,appear,seem,sound,smell,taste,become,turn,get,grow,go,run,come,feel,remain,keep,prove
Hebecameadoctor.
MyteacherisanAmerican.
Isityours?
ThatisallIwanttotellyou.
Hisfaceturnedred.
Thestorysoundedinteresting.
Rosessmellsweet.
Hewentred.
Keepsilent.
判断下列句子是什么句型:
Thebookisinteresting.
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.
Helivesinthehouse.
Keepsilent.
WespeakChinese.
Waterisimportant.
Heboughtadictionary.
Helookedexcited.
Helikedswimming.
主谓双宾
概念:
指的是动词的后面有两个宾语,间接宾语和直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
常见的动词有:
give,lend,show,borrow,send,bring,tell等。
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
Myfatherboughtmeapen.
Givemethebook.
Hesentmeabirthdaygiftyesterday.
Couldyoushowmethewaytotherailwaystation?
宾语补足语
概念:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要求有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有:
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let,watch,notice,hear,observe,help,elect,feel等。
WecallhimWanglin.
Weconsiderhimanhonestman.
Isawhimyoungandstrong,andnowheisoldandworn.(年老体弱)
Youmust’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.
Wesawhimplayingfootball..
IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.
Theyfoundthecitygreatlychanged.
Ifoundthehorsetiedtoatree.
Wefoundeverythingintheroomingoodorder.
Letthefreshairin.
Isawhimoutwithhisfather.
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
练习
Hegavemeabike.
Isawhimsittingthere.
Hetoldmethenews.
Inoticedhimcomein.
Ilenthim10yuan.
Ifoundthebabyalwayshappy.
Lethimhelpyou.
Hegaveusalecture.
Wefoundthecarbroken.
Weheardhimsingingasong.
定语
概念:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
Guilinisabeautifulcity.
Thisisanoldbook.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?
Thisisabridgebuiltlastyear.
Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.
Theyaregoingtoputupawallnewspapernextweek.
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.
DoyouknowthestudentwhoseEnglishpronunciationisthebestinyourclass?
Theteacherboughtthirtybooks
Welearnedtwoparagraghslastlesson.
Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadviceanddomoreexercises.
Mary’parentshavegoneabroad.
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.
Ican’gowithyou.Istillhavealotofworktodo.
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
Youmustn’ttakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
Whoisthegirlinred?
Anoiseoutsidemadehimturnaround.
Themanintheroombelowisfriendly.
Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.
IwillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.
状语
概念:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
Herunsfast.
Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere.
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.
Theboxistooheavyformetolift.
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.
Notknowingwhattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforhelp.
Waitaminute.
Wouldyoupleasecomethisway?
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.
Itisverydifficulttolivewherethereislittlewater.
Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.
句子成份分析
1.Hesmiledhappily.2.WeloveEnglish.
3.Hewalkedslowly4.Hewalkedthedog.
5.Hewritescarefully.6.Hewritesaletter.
7.Hearrivedearly.8.Hearrivedatthestationearly.
9.Hedroveslowly.10.Helayinbed.
11.Ifeltsick.12.Thedishsmellssweet.
13.Itsoundsreasonable.14.Heisrunning.
15.Weweretalking.16.Tomisworking.
17..Wevisitedthefactorylastyear.
18.Thethiefenteredthebuildingafewminutesago.
19.Ifoundthempaintingabigwindow.
20.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised
21..Heattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday.
同位语
概念:
同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明他们的性质或情况,他可以由名词或代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
他也可以说是一种定语。
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.
Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.
Heisoldestamongthemfour.
Hetoldmethenewsthattheirteamhadwon.
主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。
有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数,需仔细推敲。
处理主谓一致要注意语法一致,意义上一致和就近一致。
知识点概述
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时,谓语动词也应是单数形式,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如:
LearningEnglishisveryimportant.
学习英语是很重要的。
ThegirltogetherwithhertwosistershasleftforNanjing.
BothBobandTomaremyfriends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人,同一类物,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:
Asingeranddancerisgoingtoattendourmeeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前,如果分别有each,every等修饰时,谓语要用单数。
例如:
Everyboyandeverygirlwasgivenapresent.
Eachwordandeachphraseinthedictionaryisimportant.
1.Afactoryworkerandwriteris\aregoingtogiveusatalk.
2.Afactoryworkerandawriterare\isgoingtogiveusatalk.
3.Theyare\isbusynow.
4.TeachingEnglishis\aremyjob.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义要用复数;反之主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词也用单数。
如表示一笔钱,一段时间,一定重量时,这些单位虽是复数形式,但谓语动词是单数形式。
例如:
Itseemstomethatfiveyearsissoshortatime.
Twohundreddollarswasspentonthebooks.
有些集体名词,如family,group,class等作主语时,作为整体看待,谓语动词要用单数,就其中一个个成员而言,谓语要用复数。
例如:
Myfamilyisahappyone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
1.Fivemilesis\arenotashortdistanceforaboyof7yearsold.
2.Thepolicewere\wassearchingforthethiefinthehotel.
3.Politicsis\aredifficulttolearn.
4.Heisoneofthebeststudentswhois\arepraisedinourschool.
5.Heistheonlyoneofthebeststudentswhois\arepraisedinourschool.
三、就近一致
出现几个主语时,谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。
Therebe,Herebe句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。
当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时,be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。
例如:
Thereisanorange,twoapplesandmanybananasonthetable.
Therearetwobooksandadictionaryonthedesk.
两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso等连接时,谓语动词用靠近原则。
例如:
NeitheryounorIamright.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisgoingtoattendthemeeting.
但如果用aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,but,except,tather连接than,including,like等主语用靠前原则
例如:
Maryaswellasyouismyfriend.
manya,morethanone…从意义上讲是:
“很多,不止,但从语法上讲,仍是单数。
”如:
Manyastudenthasbeentiredbyhislongspeech.
Morethanonestudentisgoingtobealawyerinthefuture.
quantity,quantities的用法。
quantity作主语时,谓语动词用单数;quantities作主语时谓语动词用复数,不用考虑后面名词的可数与不可数。
如:
Quantitiesofwaterareneeded.
Quantityofwaterisneeded.
Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.
NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIknowsthatdirectorisgoingtoresign.
Exercises:
1.Thereis\arealotofmilkinthebottle.
2.E-mail,aswellastelephone,is\areplayinganimportantpartindailycommunication.
3.EitheryouorIam\arewrong.
倍数的表示方法:
倍数的表示方法有一下三种:
看下面的句子:
1.Thishouseisasbigasthatone.
2.Thishouseistwiceasbigasthatone.
3.Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone.
4.Thishouseistwicethesizeofthatone.
从上面的例句我们知道,比较级有三种情况:
第一种:
倍数+as+原级+as
第二种:
倍数+比较级+than
第三种:
倍数+the+size\width\length\height+of短语
must的反意疑问句
当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用needn’t。
当含有mustn’t(“不允许、禁止”)时,其反意疑问部分用must。
Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tsmokehere,mustn’tyou?
当must表示“推测,准是”讲时,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后边的动词形式确定。
如:
Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?
Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?
Youmusthavewatchedthefootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou?
Hemustbeadoctor.
Youmusthavereadthebook.
Hemusthavefinishedtheworkyesterday.
第一节实战演练
1.His“SelectedPoems”______firstpublishedin1965.
A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
2.Allbutone______herejustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
3.Seventypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.
A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome
4.Morethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.
A.isB.wasC.areD.be
5.Thewholeclass______theteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening
6.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica______oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
7.Theairinbigcities______verydirtybyfactories.
A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade
8.Alargenumberofstudentsofthisschool_______fondofplayingfootball.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
9.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
10.I,who______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourlessons.
A.beB.amC.areD.is
11.Tendollars______abigsumforasmallchild,andtheywillgoalongway.
A.areB.beingC.haveD.is
12.Therich______notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
13.Applesofthiskind_______.
A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell
14.TheOlympicGames_______heldevery_______years.
A.is…fourB.are…fourC.is…fiveD.are…five
15.Noonebutherparents______it.
A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingd.areknowing
16.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook.
A.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis
17.Nobirdandnobeast_______inthelonelyisland.
A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees
18.Thenewsofvictories______spreadingfarandwide.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.were
19.Fewofhisfamily______withhisimaginativeideas.
A.agreeB.agreesC.areagreedD.isagreed
20.Thepaperforbooksandnewspapers_____madeofwood.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
21.Neitheryourmothernoryou______athome