制浆原理与工程英语词汇.docx
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制浆原理与工程英语词汇
《制浆原理与工程》英汉词汇对照
A
Accepts:
良浆
Usablepulpthathaspassedthescreeningoperation.
Activealkali(AA):
活性碱
Withrespecttokraftwhiteliquor,theamountofconcentrationofsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)plussodiumsulphide(Na2S).
Alkalineextraction:
碱抽提
Bleachingstage(denotationE)forremovalofligninmadepotentiallysolublebythepreviousacidicoxidizingstageandtoreactivatethepulptofurtheroxidation.Mainchemicalapplied:
sodiumhydroxideNaOH.Canbeenhancedwithoxygen(EO),hydrogenperoxide(EP)orboth(EOP).
Alkalinepulping:
碱法制浆
Generaltermusuallydenotingthekraftprocess.However,thetermisalsoappliedtootherhighpHchemicalpulpingprocesses,suchassodaorsoda-oxygenpulping.
AOX:
可吸附有机卤化物
(Adsorbableorganichalogencompounds)Collectivetermfortheamountofchlorineboundinorganicpollutants,containedinwastewaterforinstance.
B
Back-pressureturbine:
背压式涡轮机
Steamturbine,fromwhichtheexhauststeamisnotcondensed,butistransportedandutilizedinanindustrialprocess.
Bagasse:
甘蔗
Thecrushedstalksofsugarcaneafterthesugarhasbeenextracted.Canbeusedasafibresourcefornonwoodpulping.
Bamboo:
竹
Giantwoodgrassthatisusedasafibresourceinnonwoodpulping.
Barking:
剥皮
Removingbarkfrompulpwoodpriortoprocessing.
Basisweight:
定量
Weightperunitareaofpaper.Synonym:
Grammage.
Batchcooking:
间歇蒸煮
Chemicalpulpingoperation,inwhichadiscretequantityorbatchofchipsisindividuallyprocessed.
Batchdigester:
间歇蒸煮锅
Largepressurevessel(150...400cubicmeters)usedforbatchwiseproductionofpulp.
Blackliquor:
黑液
SpentcookingliquoThepulpproductiondependsonthenumberofbatches(i.e.cooks)thatareprocessed.rfromakraftcook,containingdissolvedorganicmaterialandresidualalkalicompounds.
Bleachability:
漂白性能
Qualitativetermusedtodescribetherelativeeaseofwhichpulpcanbebleached.
Bleaching:
漂白
Chemicallytreatingapulptoalterthecoloringmattersothepulphasahigherbrightness.
Bleachingsequence:
漂白程序
Seriesofsubsequentbleachingstages,normallydescribedbyabbreviations(e.g.CEDEDwhichstandsfor"chlorination-alkalineextraction-chlorinedioxide-alkalineextraction-chlorinedioxide").
Blow:
放浆
Pulpdischargeunderpressurefromthedigester.
Blowline:
喷放管道
Pipelinewhichtransportsstockfromthedigestertotheblowtank.
Blowtank:
喷放锅
Largevesselintowhichpulpisblownattheendofacookandfromwhichthepulpispumpedtothenextprocessingstage.
BOD:
生物耗氧量
(BiologicalOxygenDemand).Ameasureoftheamountofoxygenconsumedbymicroorganismsinbreakingdownorganicmatterineffluentduringacertainmethod.E.g.BOD7,biologicaloxygendemandduringsevendays.
Bonedry(b.d.):
绝干
Moisturefree(alsotermedoven-dry,o.d.).Apulporpaperwhichhasbeendriedtoaconstantweightatatemperatureof100to105oCinacompletelydryatmosphere.
Breakinglength:
裂断长
Measureofpulptensilestrengthwhichisindependentofthebasisweightofthepapersheet,equaltothelengthofpaperwhichwilljustsupportitsownweightwhenhungfreelyfromoneend.(Conversionfactor:
tensileindex(Nm/g)=9.81xbreakinglength(km)).
Brownstock:
粗浆
Unbleachedpulpfromanalkalinepulpingprocess.Thetermisderivedfromthedarkbrowncolorofthepulp.
Brightness:
亮度
Reflectivityofasheetofpulporpapermeasuredunderstandardizedconditions;usedtoindicatethedegreeof"whiteness".
Brightnessreversion:
回色
Atermappliedtopulpstoindicatelossofbrightnessduringnaturalorartificialagening.
Bulk:
松厚度
Ratioofthicknesstobasisweightofpaper.Adensesheethaslowbulk.
Burstingstrength耐破应力
Ameasureoftheabilityofpapertoresistrupturewhenpressureisappliedtooneofitssidesbyaspecificinstrument.
C
Carbohydrates:
碳水化合物
Themaincarbohydratesinwoodarepolysaccharidessuchascelluloseandhemicellulose.
CEDViscosity:
铜乙二胺粘度法
Testofcellulosesolutionviscositywhichindicatestheaveragelengthofthecellulosemolecules,i.e.thedegreeofpolymerization.
Cellulose:
纤维素
Chemically,apolymercomposedofglucosemonomers.Itisthemainconstituentofplantfibres.
Chelating:
鳌合
Chemicallycombiningwithametallicionintoa"coordinationcomplex".CommonchemicalsusedforchelationareEDTA(Ethylendiaminetetraacidicacid)andDTPA(Diethylenetetraminepentaacidicacid).
Chemicalpulp:
化学浆
Pulpobtainedbydigestionofwoodwithsolutionsofvariouschemicals.
Chemicalrecoverycycle:
化学回收循环
Partofthepulpmill,inwhichthespentcookingchemicalsarerecycledandreconvertedintoactivecookingchemicals.
Chemimechanicalpulp:
化学机械浆
1.Pulpproducedwithacombinationofagentlechemicaltreatmentstageandmechanicaldefibration,suchasdiscrefining.Theyieldrangeis80to95%.
2.Subgroupofchemimechanicalpulps(alsocalledCMP),producedwithrelativeseverechemicaltreartmentcombinedwithatmosphericrefining.Theyieldistypicallybelow90%.
Chemithermomechanicalpulp,CTMP:
化学热机械浆
Chemimechanicalpulpproducedwithrelativelylowchemicaldosescombinedwithpressurizedrefining.Theyieldistypicallyabove90%.
Chlorinenumber:
氯价
Testmethodfordeterminingthebleachrequirementofapulp.Itindicatesthenumberofgramsofchlorineconsumedby100gofpulpunderspecifiedconditions.
Chips:
木片
Choppedwoodpreparedforcokingtoproducechemicalpulporrefiningtoproducerefinermechanicalpulp.
Chipchute:
木片斜槽
Verticalconduitthroughwhichchipsfallfromthesteamingvesselintothehighpressurefeeder,acomponentofcontinuousdigestersystems.
Chipmeter:
木片装锅计量器
Deviceusedwiththecontinuousdigesterfeedsystemtocontrolthechipfeedrate.
Chlorination:
氯化(作用)
Ableachingstage(denotedC)usingelementalchlorineasbleachingagent.
Chlorine:
氯气
Greenish-yellowgasusedasableachingagent.Alsoknownasgaschlorineorelementalchlorine.
Chlorinedioxide:
二氧化氯
Yellowgasinsolutionasableachingagent.
Chop:
碎片
Short,chunkybundleofunseparatedfibresoccurringinmechanicalpulps.
Chromophor:
发色团
Chemicalgroupresponsibleforcolourin(woodandpulp).
Classifier:
分离器
Termwithwideapplications.Usuallyreferstolaboratorydevicesforseparatingaqueoussuspensionofpulpfibresintovarious-sizefractions.
Cleaning:
净化
Removalofdirtandforeignmaterialfrompulpbycentrifugalaction.
Cleaners:
净化器
Vesselswhichremovedirtandforeignmaterialfrompulpbycentrifugalaction.
Closedsystem:
封闭系统
Systemwhereinwhitewaterorfiltrateismainlyrecirculatedandnotdischargedtowaste.
COD:
化学需氧量
(Chemicaloxygendemand).Chemicaloxygen-consumingsubstances.Ameasureoftheamountofoxygenrequiredforthetotalchemicalbreakdownoforganicsubstancesinwater.
Coldblow:
冷法喷放
Pressureejectionofcookedpulpfromabatchorcontinuousdigesterafterthepulphasbeencooledtobelow100oC.Thecoolingstepreducesdamagetothefibres.
Coldsodapulp:
冷碱浆
Asemichemicalpulpgenerallyproducedfromhardwoodsbyroomtemperaturetreatmentwithsodiumhydroxidefollowedbymechanicalfiberizing.
Condensate:
冷凝水
Anymaterialthathascondensedfromagaseousphaseintoaliquidphase.Usuallyreferstowaterthathascondensedfromsteaminaheatexchangeprocess.
Coniferoustrees:
松柏
Cone-bearingandevergreentrees,suchasspruce,pine,hemlock,balsam.Alsotermedsoftwoodtrees.
Consistency:
浓度
Weightpercentageofpulpinapulpandwatermixture.
Continuouscooking:
连续蒸煮
Chemicalpulpingoperationinwhichwoodchipsandcookingliquorarefedataconstantrateintothedigesterandmoveincontinuousfashionthroughsuccessivezonesorstagesofequipment.
Continuousdigester:
连续蒸煮器
Digestersystemforcontinuouscooking.
Cooking:
蒸煮
Treatingfibrousmaterialswithchemicalsunderheatandpressuretoproducepulpforpapermaking.
Cookingzone:
蒸煮区
Sectionwithinacontinuousdigesterinwhichthemajorportionofthecookingreactionsoccur;thesectioninwhichthechipmassisatornearthemaximumcookingtemperature.
Cord:
量木材尺度单位
Usuallyapileofpulpwood8feetlong,4feetwideand4feethigh,containing128cubicfeet.
Countercurrentcooking:
对流蒸煮
Cookingtechniqueforakraftcontinuousdigesterwhereincookingliquorandheatareintroducedatthepointwherepulpisremoved;theliquorthenmovescountercurrentlytothechipmassflowuntilitisextractedasblackliquorthroughtheextractionscreens.
Cunit:
原木材积单位
Atermusedinthemeasurementofpulpwood,i.e.100cubicfeetofsolidwood,barkexcluded.Onecunitcorrespondsto2.83cubicmeterofwood.
D
Debarking:
剥皮
Removingbarkfrompulpwoodpriortoprocessing.
Deciduoustrees:
阔叶木
Hardwoodsorbroad-leavedtreeswhichlosetheirleavesinwinter,suchasbirch,aspen,mapleandcottonwood.
Degreeofdelignification:
脱木素程度
Amountofdelignificationasmeasuredbythekappanumbertestorothercomparablemethodofdeterminingresiduallignin.(Synonym:
Degreeofcooking).
Delignification:
脱木素
Removalofallpartoftheligninfromwoodorplantmaterialbychemicaltreatment.Chemicalpulpingandtheinitialstagesofbleachingareexamplesofdelignification.
Degreeofpolymerization(DP):
聚合度
Asappliedtocellulose,referstotheaveragenumberofglucoseunitineachcellulosemoleculeofapulpsample.UsuallydeterminedbytheCEDviscositytest.
Deinking:
脱墨
Removalofinkandotherextraneousmaterialsfromprinted,reclaimedpapersbymechanicaldisintegrationandchemicaltreatment,withsubsequentwashingorflotationseparation.
Diffusion:
扩散作用
Diffusioninimpregnationofwoodchips:
movementofionsandmoleculesfromanareaofhighconcentration(e.g.thefreecookingliquo