制浆原理与工程英语词汇.docx

1、制浆原理与工程英语词汇制浆原理与工程英汉词汇对照AAccepts : 良浆Usable pulp that has passed the screening operation.Active alkali (AA)： 活性碱With respect to kraft white liquor, the amount of concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) plus sodium sulphide (Na2S).Alkaline extraction ：碱抽提Bleaching stage (denotation E) for removal of

2、 lignin made potentially soluble by the previous acidic oxidizing stage and to reactivate the pulp to further oxidation. Main chemical applied: sodium hydroxide NaOH. Can be enhanced with oxygen (EO), hydrogen peroxide (EP) or both (EOP).Alkaline pulping : 碱法制浆General term usually denoting the kraft

3、 process. However, the term is also applied to other high pH chemical pulping processes, such as soda or soda-oxygen pulping. AOX ：可吸附有机卤化物(Adsorbable organic halogen compounds) Collective term for the amount of chlorine bound in organic pollutants, contained in waste water for instance.BBack-pressu

4、re turbine ： 背压式涡轮机Steam turbine, from which the exhaust steam is not condensed, but is transported and utilized in an industrial process.Bagasse ： 甘蔗The crushed stalks of sugar cane after the sugar has been extracted. Can be used as a fibre source for nonwood pulping.Bamboo ：竹Giant wood grass that

5、is used as a fibre source in nonwood pulping.Barking ：剥皮Removing bark from pulpwood prior to processing.Basis weight ：定量Weight per unit area of paper. Synonym: Grammage.Batch cooking ：间歇蒸煮Chemical pulping operation, in which a discrete quantity or batch of chips is individually processed. Batch dige

6、ster ：间歇蒸煮锅Large pressure vessel (150.400 cubic meters) used for batchwise production of pulp.Black liquor ：黑液Spent cooking liquoThe pulp production depends on the number of batches (i.e. cooks) that are processed.r from a kraft cook, containing dissolved organic material and residual alkali compoun

7、ds.Bleachability ：漂白性能Qualitative term used to describe the relative ease of which pulp can be bleached.Bleaching : 漂白Chemically treating a pulp to alter the coloring matter so the pulp has a higher brightness.Bleaching sequence ：漂白程序Series of subsequent bleaching stages, normally described by abbre

8、viations (e.g. CEDED which stands for chlorination - alkaline extraction - chlorine dioxide - alkaline extraction - chlorine dioxide).Blow ：放浆Pulp discharge under pressure from the digester.Blow line ：喷放管道Pipeline which transports stock from the digester to the blow tank.Blow tank ：喷放锅Large vessel i

9、nto which pulp is blown at the end of a cook and from which the pulp is pumped to the next processing stage.BOD ：生物耗氧量(Biological Oxygen Demand). A measure of the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in breaking down organic matter in effluent during a certain method. E.g. BOD7, biological ox

10、ygen demand during seven days.Bone dry (b.d.) ：绝干Moisture free (also termed oven-dry, o.d.). A pulp or paper which has been dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 100 to 105 oC in a completely dry atmosphere.Breaking length ：裂断长Measure of pulp tensile strength which is independent of the bas

11、is weight of the paper sheet, equal to the length of paper which will just support its own weight when hung freely from one end. (Conversion factor: tensile index (Nm/g) = 9.81 x breaking length (km).Brownstock ：粗浆Unbleached pulp from an alkaline pulping process. The term is derived from the dark br

12、own color of the pulp.Brightness ：亮度Reflectivity of a sheet of pulp or paper measured under standardized conditions; used to indicate the degree of whiteness. Brightness reversion ：回色A term applied to pulps to indicate loss of brightness during natural or artificial agening.Bulk ：松厚度Ratio of thickne

13、ss to basis weight of paper. A dense sheet has low bulk.Bursting strength 耐破应力A measure of the ability of paper to resist rupture when pressure is applied to one of its sides by a specific instrument.CCarbohydrates ：碳水化合物The main carbohydrates in wood are polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemice

14、llulose.CED Viscosity ： 铜乙二胺粘度法Test of cellulose solution viscosity which indicates the average length of the cellulose molecules, i.e. the degree of polymerization.Cellulose ：纤维素Chemically, a polymer composed of glucose monomers. It is the main constituent of plant fibres.Chelating ：鳌合Chemically co

15、mbining with a metallic ion into a coordination complex. Common chemicals used for chelation are EDTA (Ethylendiaminetetraacidic acid) and DTPA (Diethylenetetraminepentaacidic acid).Chemical pulp ：化学浆Pulp obtained by digestion of wood with solutions of various chemicals.Chemical recovery cycle ：化学回收

16、循环Part of the pulp mill, in which the spent cooking chemicals are recycled and reconverted into active cooking chemicals.Chemimechanical pulp ：化学机械浆1. Pulp produced with a combination of a gentle chemical treatment stage and mechanical defibration, such as disc refining. The yield range is 80 to 95

17、%.2. Subgroup of chemimechanical pulps (also called CMP), produced with relative severe chemical treartment combined with atmospheric refining. The yield is typically below 90 %.Chemithermomechanical pulp, CTMP ：化学热机械浆Chemimechanical pulp produced with relatively low chemical doses combined with pre

18、ssurized refining. The yield is typically above 90 %.Chlorine number ：氯价Test method for determining the bleach requirement of a pulp. It indicates the number of grams of chlorine consumed by 100 g of pulp under specified conditions.Chips ：木片Chopped wood prepared for coking to produce chemical pulp o

19、r refining to produce refiner mechanical pulp.Chip chute ：木片斜槽Vertical conduit through which chips fall from the steaming vessel into the high pressure feeder, a component of continuous digester systems. Chip meter ：木片装锅计量器Device used with the continuous digester feed system to control the chip feed

20、 rate.Chlorination ：氯化（作用）A bleaching stage (denoted C) using elemental chlorine as bleaching agent.Chlorine ：氯气Greenish-yellow gas used as a bleaching agent. Also known as gas chlorine or elemental chlorine. Chlorine dioxide ：二氧化氯Yellow gas in solution as a bleaching agent.Chop ：碎片Short, chunky bun

21、dle of unseparated fibres occurring in mechanical pulps.Chromophor ：发色团Chemical group responsible for colour in (wood and pulp).Classifier ：分离器Term with wide applications. Usually refers to laboratory devices for separating aqueous suspension of pulp fibres into various-size fractions.Cleaning ：净化Re

22、moval of dirt and foreign material from pulp by centrifugal action.Cleaners ：净化器Vessels which remove dirt and foreign material from pulp by centrifugal action.Closed system ：封闭系统System wherein white water or filtrate is mainly recirculated and not discharged to waste.COD ：化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen deman

23、d). Chemical oxygen-consuming substances. A measure of the amount of oxygen required for the total chemical breakdown of organic substances in water.Cold blow ：冷法喷放Pressure ejection of cooked pulp from a batch or continuous digester after the pulp has been cooled to below 100 oC. The cooling step re

24、duces damage to the fibres.Cold soda pulp ：冷碱浆A semichemical pulp generally produced from hardwoods by room temperature treatment with sodium hydroxide followed by mechanical fiberizing.Condensate ：冷凝水Any material that has condensed from a gaseous phase into a liquid phase. Usually refers to water t

25、hat has condensed from steam in a heat exchange process.Coniferous trees ：松柏Cone-bearing and evergreen trees, such as spruce, pine, hemlock, balsam. Also termed softwood trees.Consistency ：浓度Weight percentage of pulp in a pulp and water mixture.Continuous cooking ：连续蒸煮Chemical pulping operation in w

26、hich wood chips and cooking liquor are fed at a constant rate into the digester and move in continuous fashion through successive zones or stages of equipment.Continuous digester ：连续蒸煮器Digester system for continuous cooking. Cooking ：蒸煮Treating fibrous materials with chemicals under heat and pressur

27、e to produce pulp for papermaking.Cooking zone ：蒸煮区Section within a continuous digester in which the major portion of the cooking reactions occur; the section in which the chip mass is at or near the maximum cooking temperature.Cord ：量木材尺度单位Usually a pile of pulpwood 8 feet long, 4 feet wide and 4 f

28、eet high, containing 128 cubic feet.Countercurrent cooking ：对流蒸煮Cooking technique for a kraft continuous digester wherein cooking liquor and heat are introduced at the point where pulp is removed; the liquor then moves countercurrently to the chip mass flow until it is extracted as black liquor thro

29、ugh the extraction screens.Cunit ：原木材积单位A term used in the measurement of pulpwood, i.e. 100 cubic feet of solid wood, bark excluded. One cunit corresponds to 2.83 cubic meter of wood.DDebarking ：剥皮Removing bark from pulpwood prior to processing.Deciduous trees ：阔叶木Hardwoods or broad-leaved trees wh

30、ich lose their leaves in winter, such as birch, aspen, maple and cottonwood.Degree of delignification ：脱木素程度Amount of delignification as measured by the kappa number test or other comparable method of determining residual lignin. (Synonym: Degree of cooking).Delignification ：脱木素Removal of all part o

31、f the lignin from wood or plant material by chemical treatment. Chemical pulping and the initial stages of bleaching are examples of delignification. Degree of polymerization (DP) ：聚合度As applied to cellulose, refers to the average number of glucose unit in each cellulose molecule of a pulp sample. U

32、sually determined by the CED viscosity test.Deinking ：脱墨Removal of ink and other extraneous materials from printed, reclaimed papers by mechanical disintegration and chemical treatment, with subsequent washing or flotation separation.Diffusion ：扩散作用Diffusion in impregnation of wood chips: movement of ions and molecules from an area of high concentration (e.g. the free cooking liquo