山洪灾害预警系统外文翻译.docx

山洪灾害预警系统外文翻译.docx

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山洪灾害预警系统外文翻译

1.1Theearlywarningsystemofflooddisasterssignificance

Asweallknow,Chinaisextremelyfrequentflooddisastershitcountries,annualfloodseasonflashfloodstriggeredbyrainfall,mudslides,landslideshavecausedheavycasualtiesandpropertylosses,notonlyseriouslythreatenthelivesofthemasses,butthemajorityofseriouslyrestrictingthemountainhillareasofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandthepeoplebecomerich,ofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietygoals.

Accordingtostatisticsfrom1950to1990,China'sflooddeathtollfromatotalof22.5million,ofwhichthenumberofdeathshilly15.2million,67.4%oftotaldeaths,averageannualdeaths3707people.Everyyearfrom1992to1998thenumberofdeathsduetoflashfloodsdisasterisabout1900~3700people,accountingforaboutflooddeaths62%~69%;flooddisastersfrom1999to2002thenumberofdeathsdroppedto1,100~1,400people,butaccountingforFlooddeathtollhadrisento65%to75%;2003,2004,respectively,offlooddisasterscausedby767and815deaths,accountingforthenumberoffloodskilled49%and76%.Thus,thenumberofdeathscausedbyflooddisastersaccountfortheproportionofthenationalflooddeathtollwasincreasingyearbyyeartrend,theharmcausedbyflooddisastersincreasing,moreandmoreweightloss,floodcontrolworkhasbecomeurgenttosolvetheoutstandingproblemsin.

Flooddisastersoverabroadarea,withsignificantmultiple,suddenandstrongdisorderdestructive,defenseisverydifficult.AndChina'sheavyrainarea,flashfloodsdisaster-proneareasandpopulatedareasoverlap,moresothelossescausedbyflashfloodslayersincreased.

Statisticsshowthatmorethan2100county-leveladministrativeregionofChina,therearemorethan1,500distributioninMountainousAreasbytheflashfloods,mudslides,landslidesthreatenapopulationof7,400people.

September4,2004,PremierWenJiabaoinstructed:

"torrentialdisasters,causinghugelosses,disasterpreventionanddisasterreductionhasbecomeaprominentissue.Mustmakethefightagainstflooddisastersinanimportantpositiontoconscientiouslysumupexperiencesandlessonsofflashfloodscharacteristicsandpatternsofoccurrence,adoptcomprehensivepreventionandcontrolmeasurestominimizelossescausedbydisasters."

In2004,ledbytheMinistryofWaterResources,inconjunctionwithMinistryofLandResources,ChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationandotherrelevantdepartments,hasestablishedanationalleadinggroupofmountainfloodcontrolplanningtobeginpreparationofthe"nationalmountainfloodpreventionplan."October2006,"NationalDisasterPreventionPlanning,flashreport"throughthereviewtostudyandexplorethecharacteristicsofflooddisastersoccurandlaws,scientificandreasonableplanningcountermeasuresandpreventionprograms,andgraduallyestablishandimprovethedisasterpreventionandmitigationsystemforincreasinglycriticaloftheflooddisastersinChinatodeterminethecontrolstatusofnorms.Accordingtotheplantargetby2010,Chinawillfocusonpreventionandcontrolareaintheflooddisastersinitiallybuilt"forthesurveillance,communications,forecasting,earlywarningandothernon-engineeringmeasuresbased,non-engineeringmeasuresandthecombinationofengineeringmeasures,"themitigationsystem.

1.2ResearchMethodsmountainfloodwarningsystem

1.2.1Themainfeaturesofflooddisasters

1,suddenstrong

Torrentialraincausedbythedisasters,thestormintensity,coupledwiththespecificgeological,geomorphologicalandothersurfaceconditions,leadingtoflashfloodsferocious.MetamorphicmassifinHenanProvince,severelyweatheredlimestoneandgranitemountainscomposedofmostlyeasytoerosion,isconducivetolandslides,avalanchesanddebrisflowformation;hillysteepslopesanddeepvalleys,elevationupsanddowns,fastrunoff.BecausemanyriversinHenanProvince,alargegradient,therefore,therapidconvergence,floodfiercerally,easytoproduceflashfloodsdisasters.Flashfloodsfromrainfalltotheformationofgenerallyafewhoursorevenlessthananhour,moredifficulttoaccuratelyforecastandcontrol.

2,ferocious,destructivestrength

Sincetheendofsteepmountainriver,shortprocess,flowspeed,theimpactofstrong,destructivebig,mining,transportandharmlifeandpropertyareveryserious.Itsoutstandingperformanceisastrongdestructivecausingseriouscasualtiesandinfrastructuredamage,recoveryisverydifficult,orevendestructive.July2003HuaiRiverinearlyheavyrainsinthesouthernmountains,bambooroundruralNorthCountymallwarvillage,burstintheJuly10debrisflow,flowrate12.3m/s,adestroyedhouse,afamilyofthreealldied.

3,theseasonalhighfrequency

Precipitationisinducedbyflashfloods,landslides,mudslidesmainreasonforhigherrainfallyearingeologicaldisastershavesignificantlyhigherfrequency.4Septemberfloodseason,especiallyinthemainfloodseason6to8months,isamountainflood-proneperiod.Inthesamebasin,mayoccureveninthesameyearseveralflooddisasters.AccordingtostatisticsofHunanProvince,Hunanprovinceflashflooddisastersoccurredinabout95%offlooddisastersthroughouttheyear,ofwhich6to8month'sannualflooddisastersaccountforabout80%offlooddisasters.

4,regionalapparentstrong-prone

Flashfloodsoccurredmainlyinthemountainous,hillyandmound,especiallyinthecenterofthestormarea,stormimpactwhentheeasyformationofsurfacerunoff,leadingtoflashfloods,scourdisaster.

1.2.2Thecausesofflooddisasters

Theflooddisasterinthemainstreamandweather,topographyandhumanfactorsandsoon.Suddenfloodingrainisthemainfactorofflooddisasterscausedbyheavyraincausesoftheformationisthemainreasonfortheflooddisaster,coupledwithhumanfactors,theimpactoftopography,butalsocontributedtotheformationofflooddisasters.

1,theprecipitationiscausedbythemostdirectcauseofflooddisasters

Unevendistributionofrainfallduringtheyear,theannualvariationandothercharacteristics,duetodifferentconditionsproducerain,floodwithstrength,veryvulnerabletoflooddisasters.Fromthestatisticsofviewofflooddisasters,long-durationhigh-intensityrainfallandstormsurgecauseflashfloods,slopesaturatedsoilmoisture,soilsoftening,strengthweakening,combinedwithrainorrockfracturesalongfaultsintotheground,leadingtothecollapseslip,creep,shallowlandslidesanddebrisflowsoccurringonalarge,stronghydrodynamicconditionsandpoorgeologicaldevelopmentofthevalley,astheenvironmentalconditionsofflooddisasters.

2,theterrainisthebasisoffactorsthatleadtoflooddisasters

Steeptopographyasfloods,mudslides,landslidesprovidesapowerfulpotential,sothatrainfallgeneratedrunoffdownslopedowntothevalleytogether,quicklyformingastrongpeakflow,andthustriggertheoccurrenceofdebrisflowandlandslides.

3,humanactivitiesareintensifyinganimportantfactorinflooddisastersoccurred

Goodgroundcovercanplayasolidroleinsoilwaterconservation,preventionofflooddisastersfortheimportantsignificance.Vegetationonthegroundtopreventwatererosion,surfacerunoffcanreducetheconvergencespeedandreducetheoccurrenceofflashfloodsanddamage.Humanproduction,living,constructionandotheractivitiesontheenvironmentdamageandthedamagetonaturalvegetation,increasedsoilerosionandtheenvironmentcontinuestoworsen,astorrentialrainsintoadisasterhasprovidedfavorableconditionsastheformationandtheoccurrenceofflooddisasterscannotbeignoredimportantfactor

1.2.3Controlmeasuresforflooddisasters

Canbeusedforpreventionofflooddisastersengineeringmeasuresandnon-engineeringmeasuresforpreventionandtreatment.Worksinclude:

flashditch,debrisflow,landslide;Waterreinforcement,flashfloodsandotherdisastersthreatenSoilandWaterConservationDistrict.Non-engineeringmeasuresinclude:

meteorological,hydrologicalmonitoringsystem,warningsystemanddecisionsupportsystemconstruction.Themainresearchprojectsofnon-engineeringflooddisasterspreventionmeasures.

1,theestablishmentofmeteorologicalandhydrologicalmonitoringsystem

Accordingtosuddenflashfloods,regionalcharacteristics,inasmallbasin,inthekeyareasofdebrisflowandlandslides,increasedrainfallandhydrologicalobservationstations,automaticmonitoringofkeyareas,rainfallwarningstationlayout,real-timemonitoringofrainfall,scatteredresidentialareascanbeSimpletoinstallrainbarrelsmanualobservation,rainfalldatacollection,analysisofrainfallintensityonlandslides,debrisflowimpact.

2,createapicture,video,multimediamonitoringsystem

Becausethevisualimageandvideomultimediavisibility,givingtheeffectofimmersive,mudslidesandlandslidesinkeyareas,addimages,videomulti-mediamonitoringproject,usuallytransmittedbyacertaintimeintervalstillpictures,startthecamerawhenintheeventofdisasterfunction,real-timedynamicchangesintransportduringthesceneofthedisaster,floodcontrolanddisasterassessmenttogatherfirst-handinformation.

3,theestablishmentofwarningsystem

Establishanaccuratecollection,transmissionsystemandwarningsystem,real-timecollectionofrainfallwithinthecatchment,waterlevelandflowofinformation,theestablishmentofmulti-modelhydrological,geologicalpredictionsystem.Itsmaincomponentsinclude:

dataanalysis,processingsystem;watersituationinformation,monitoringsystem;torrentialheavyrainfalldisasterwarningsystem;floodforecastingandd