商务英语入门术语汇编.docx
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商务英语入门术语汇编
商务英语入门术语汇编
Chapter1:
Terms
EnglishDefinition
中文翻译
soleproprietorship
Anorganizationthatisowned,andusuallymanaged,byonepersoniscalledasoleproprietorship.
个人独资企业
partnership
Apartnershipisalegalrelationshipbetweenpersonscarryingonaprofit-motivatedbusiness.
合伙企业
generalpartnership
Ageneralpartnershipisabusinesswithatleastonegeneralpartnerwhohasunlimitedliabilityforthedebtsofthebusiness.
普通合伙
generalpartner
主要合伙人
limitedpartnership
Alimitedpartnershipisanarrangementwhereapersoncancontributeabusinesswithoutbeinginvolvedintheaffairsofthepartnership.
有限合伙
limitedpartner
有限合伙人
investor
投资者
creditor
债权人
liability
债务责任
corporation
Thecorporationisalegalentity(法人实体),allowedbylegislation,whichpermitsagroupofpeople,asshareholdersormembers,tocreateanorganization,whichcanthenfocusonpursuingsetobjectives.
(股份制)公司
for-profitcompany
营利性公司
non-profitcompany
非营利性公司
limitedliability
有限责任(以出资额为限)
unlimitedliability
无线责任(个人财产也要用于清算)
doubletaxation
Thecorporationhastopaytaxesonitsprofits.Thestockholdersmushalsopayincometaxonthedividendstheyreceivethroughownership.
双重课税
jointventure
Ajointventureisthepoolingofresourcesandexpertisebytwoormorebusinesses,typicallyfromdifferentareasorcountriestoachieveaparticulargoal.
合资公司
limitedliabilitycompanies(LLC)
Alimitedliabilitycompany(LLC)isatypeofbusinessownershipcombiningseveralfeaturesofcorporationandpartnershipstructures.
有限责任公司
minute
会议记录
merger
Amergeristheresultofthecombinationoftwoormorecompaniestoformanewcompany.
兼并
acquisition
Anacquisitionisonecompanybuyingthepropertyandobligationsofanothercompany.
收购
horizontalmerger
Ahorizontalmergerjoinsfirmsinthesameindustryandallowsthemtodiversityorexpandtheirproducts.
横向兼并
verticalmerger
Averticalisthejoiningoftwofirmsinvolvedindifferentstagesofrelatedbusinesses–amanufacturermergingwithasupplierofcomponentproducts,oramanufacturermergingwithadistributorofitsproducts.
纵向兼并
conglomeratemerger
Aconglomeratemergerunitesfirmsincompletelyunrelatedindustries.
混合兼并
franchise
Afranchiseistherighttouseabusinessnameandsellproductsorservices,usuallyinaspecificgeographicalterritory.
特许
franchising
特许经营
franchiser
thepersonwhosellsafranchise
特许者
franchisee
thepersonwhobuysafranchise
被特许者
Chapter2:
Terms
EnglishDefinition
中文翻译
bandwagoneffect
从众效应
marketassessment
市场评估
marketniche
缝隙市场
marketresearch
市场调查
businessplan
Businessplanisadetailedwrittendocumentthatdefinesthegoalsofyourbusinessanddescribesthemeansyouwillusetoattainthosegoals,theadvantagesthebusinesswillhaveinrelationtocompetition,andtheresourcesandqualificationsoftheowners.
企业计划书,企划书
leaseagreement
Aleaseagreementisacontractbetweenyouandtheowneroftheproperty.
租赁协议
generalbusinesslicense
Ageneralbusinesslicenseisassessedannuallyfortheprivilegeofoperatingabusinessinthejurisdiction.
普通经营许可证
speciallicense
Aspeciallicenseisonethatisissuedtoabusinessthatwillprovideproductsorservicesthatrequireregulation.
特殊经营许可证
cashfloat
现金流
overdraft
透支
bankstatement
银行结单
Chapter3:
Terms
EnglishDefinition
中文翻译
fringebenefits
附加福利
corporateethics
corporateethicsaretheevaluationofcorporateactivitiesandbehaviorasrightorwrong.
企业道德
ethicaldilemma
道德困境
corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)
Corporatesocialresponsibilityistheawarenessthatbusinessactivitieshaveanimpactonsociety,andtheconsiderationofthatimpactbyfirmsindecisionmaking.
企业社会责任
corporateculture
Corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,includingsuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.
企业文化
corevalues
核心价值观
risk-takingpersonality
喜欢冒险的个性
attention-to-detailpersonalities
注重细节的个性
outcome-orientedpersonalities
注重结果的个性
customerservice
客服
people-orientedpersonality
以人为本的个性
team-orientedpersonality
注重团队合作的个性
aggressivepersonality
积极进取的个性
non-stablepersonality
不求稳的个性
codesofethics
道德规范
corporateclimate
企业氛围
Chapter4:
Terms
EnglishDefinition
中文翻译
management
Managementisdefinedastheapplicationofplanning,organizing,directing,andcontrollingfunctionsinthemostefficientmannerpossibletoaccomplishmeaningfulorganizationalobjectives.
管理
planning
Planningisamanagementfunctionwhichmeansdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksanduseofresourcesneededtoattainthem.
计划
strategicplanning/long-rangeplanning
Strategicplanningdeterminesthemajorgoalsoftheorganizationaswellasthepolicies,procedures,andstrategiesforobtainingandusingresourcestoachievethosegoals.
战略规划/长期规划
tacticalplanning/short-rangeplanning
Tacticalplanningistheprocessofdevelopingdetailed,short-termstrategiesaboutwhatistobedone,whoistodoit,andhowitistobedone.
战术规划/短期规划
operationalplanning
Operationalplanningistheprocessofsettingworkstandardsandschedulesnecessarytoimplementthetacticalobjectives.
运营规划
contingencyplanning
Contingencyplanningistheprocessofpreparingalternativecoursesofactionthatmaybeusediftheprimaryplansdon’tachievetheorganization’sobjectives.
应急计划
organizing
Organizingisamanagementfunctionthattypicallyfollowsplanningandreflectshowtheorganizationtriestoaccomplishtheplan.
组织
structuralreorganization
结构重组
directing
directingistheuseofinfluencetomotivateemployeestoachieveorganizationalgoals.
领导,指挥
autocraticleadership
Autocraticleadership,theclosestyleofsupervision,meansprovidingsubordinateswithdetailedjobinstructions.
专制型领导
democraticleadership
Democraticleadership,thegeneralsupervision,isamanagementstyleinwhichthemanagerconsultswithsubordinatesaboutjobactivities,problems,andcorrectiveactions.
民主性领导
controlling
Controllingisamanagementfunctionthatinvolvesverifyingthatactualperformancematchestheplan.
控制
organizationalstructure
Organizationalstructureistheformaldecision-makingframeworkbywhichjobtasksaredivided,grouped,andcoordinated.
组织结构
top-levelmanagers
Topmanagersarethosewhotaketheresponsibilityofsettingorganizationalgoals,definingstrategiesforachievingthem,monitoringandinterpretingtheexternalenvironment,andmakingdecisionsthataffecttheentireorganization.
高层管理者
middle-levelmanagers
Middle-levelmanagersarethosewhoreceivethebroadoverallstrategies,missions,andobjectivesfromtop-levelmanagersandtranslatethemintospecificactionprograms.
中层管理者
first-levelmanagers
First-levelmanagersarethosewhoemphasizedirectingandcontrollingtheworkofemployeesinordertoachievetheteamgoals.
基层管理者
supervisor
主管(基层管理者)
managerialroles
经理人角色
figureheadrole
Themanagerhandlesceremonialandsymbolicactivitiesforthedepartmentororganization.
名誉领袖角色
liaisonrole
Themanagerinteractswithpeersandpeopleinsideandoutsidetheorganization.
联络人角色
leaderrole
Theleaderroleencompassesrelationshipswithsubordinates,includingmotivation,communication,andinfluence.
领导人角色
monitorrole
Themanagerreceivesandcollectsinformationfrommanysources.
监听者角色
disseminatorrole
Themanagertransmitsspecialinformationintotheorganization.
传播者角色
spokespersonrole
Themanagerdisseminatestheorganization’sinformationintoitsenvironment.
发言人角色
entrepreneurrole
Themanagerinitiateschange.
企业家角色
disturbancehandlerrole
Themanagerresolvesconflictsamongsubordinatesorbetweenhis/herdepartmentandotherdepartments.
障碍排除者
resourceallocatorrole
Theresourceallocatorroleisaboutdecisionsofallocatingpeople,time,equipment,budget,andotherresourcestoattaindesiredoutcomes.
资源分配者
negotiatorrole
Themanagernegotiatesonbehalfoftheorganization.
谈判者
conceptualskill
conceptualskillisthecognitiveabilitytoseetheorganizationasawholeandtherelationshipamongitsparts.
概念技能
humanskill
Humanskillisthemanager’sabilitytoworkwithandthroughotherpeopleandtoworkeffectivelyasagroupmember.
人际技能
technicalskill
Technicalskillistheunderstandingofandproficiencyintheperformanceofspecifictasks.
技术技能/业务技能
Chapter5:
Terms
EnglishDefinition
中文翻译
production
Productionistheprocessoftransforminginputssuchasrawmaterialsintooutputssuchasgoodsandservices.
生产
manufacturing
Manufacturingisonepartofproductionwhichmeansmakinggoodsbyhandorwithmachineryasopposedtoextractingthingsfromtheearth(miningandfishing).
制造
operation
Operationsarethefunctionsneededtokeepthecompanyproducing,literallyanyfunctionorseriesoffunctionsintroducedtocarryoutastrategicplan.
运作
inputs
Inputstotheproductionprocessarethoseresourcesthatwillbeneededtoproducethedesiredgoodsorservices.
投入品
transformation
Transformationconsistsofthoseproductionactivitiesthattaketheinputsandcombinetheminsomespecialwaytoproducetheoutput.
改造,转换
outputs
Theoutputisthefinalresultoftheproductionprocess.
产品
plantlocation
Plantlocationcanmeanthedifferencebetweenprofitandlossforafirm.
厂址的选定
productionprocess
生产工艺
manufacturingprocess
制造工艺
assemblyprocess
装配工艺
syntheticprocess
合成工艺
analyticprocess
分解工艺
continuousprocess
连续性生产工艺
intermittentprocess
机械性生产工艺
materialsmanageme