conversion词性的转换.docx

conversion词性的转换.docx

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conversion词性的转换

Conversion词性的转换

Aims:

howtousethetechniqueofconversionintheprocessoftranslation

Keypoints:

definitionofconversion,applicationofconversion

Difficulties:

applicationofconversionintheprocessoftranslation

Teachingprocedures:

Generallyspeaking,atranslatorisnotsupposedtochangethepartsofspeech词性oftheoriginalworkatwill.However,becauseEnglishandChinesearetwoentirelydifferentlanguages,atranslatorshouldnotfollowthepartsofspeechoftheoriginalmechanically.Asamatteroffact,awordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechhasoftentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechtoconformtotheusageofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.Andthisiswhat“conversion”means.

•Soby“conversion”wemeanthatintranslationawordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetargetlanguage.

•Conversionisoneoftheimportanttechniquesandisneededprimarilybythedifferenceinsyntacticsyntacticadj.依据造句法的structureandidiomaticwaysinthetwolanguages.That‘stosayEnglishandChinesediffergreatlyinmannerofexpression.

•Chinese:

moreverbsandfewernounsandprepositionsareusedthaninEnglish.

•English:

morenounsandprepositionsandfewerverbsareusedthaninChinese.

•Thisphenomenonappearstobejustadifferenceintheuseofdifferentpartsofspeech,butinfactitshowsthespecialfeaturesofeitherlanguageindiction,syntax,conventionalwaysofexpression,etc.

•Secondly,asinthecaseofEnglish,somewordsinnounsoradjectiveformsareoftenusedtoexpresstheideaofaction,thusservingasverbs.

***1.EnglishnounsintoChineseverbsorviceversa

•

（1）EnglishintoChinese

•TheChineselanguagehasasentenceconstructionwithconsecutiv连续的,联贯的predicates谓语bywhichverbscanbeusedfreely,soitoftenoccursthatseveralverbsappearinarowinaChinesesentence.Forexample:

•happinessofhavingsuchasisterwastheirfirsteffusion,andthefairladiesmingledinembracesandtearsofjoy.

•她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦,两位小姐高兴地一次次拥抱,洒下了欣喜的泪花.

•Thoughtoftheterriblescenemadehisfleshcreep.

•一想到那可怕的景象他就毛骨悚然.

•3.Theapplicationofcomputersmakesforatremendousriseinlaborproductivity.

•使用计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率.

•hasnosuchnaturalprotectionfromafloodofHollywoodproducts.

•英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好来坞影片长驱直入.

•5.Itismyconvictionn.深信,确信,定罪,宣告有罪thatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.1，convictionn.深信,确信,定罪,宣告有罪2，wickedadj.坏的,邪恶的,缺德的,不道德的,恶劣的,刻毒的,淘气的

•我相信,人们虽然未必比以前还要不讲道德,但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻.

（2）ChineseintoEnglish

•据商业部最近预测,今年全国市场需要家用电冰箱一百万台,十年内将持续增长.

•Nationaldemandforhomerefrigerators,estimatedatonemillionthisyear,willkeeprisingwithinthenexttenyears,accordingtoarecentforecastbytheministryofCommerce.

•我未必会教你游泳,我想我的小弟弟比我教得好.

•IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.

2.EnglishprepositionsintoChineseverbsorviceversa

•Inmanycases,prepositionsinEnglishcanbeusedtoreplaceChineseverbs.ThismethodcanmakeourEnglishtranslationterseandcomplywithEnglishusage.Forexample:

•1.Isawthathisfacewaspale.Ifollowedhiseyesandlookedacrosstheroomtoawomanwhowassettingatrayofdrinksbeforesomecustomers.

•我见他脸色煞白.我循着他的目光,看见餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮料.

•SothefollowingexampleswillrevealtheimportanceofconversionfromEnglishprepositionsintoChineseverbsandviceversa.

•!

”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,.阳台,走廊andintotheporch.

•2.Thecomputerisofhighsensibility.Sensibilityn.敏感性

•3.Machinepartsofirregularshapecanbewashedverycleanbyultrasonics.ultrasonicsn.超音波学

•4Theshaft转动轴turnsaboutitsaxis.

3.ConversionofEnglishadjectivestoChineseverbs

•

（1）EnglishintoChinese

•SomeAdjectivesInEnglishthatformCompletepredicateswithlinkverbsshouldbeconvertedtoverbsinChinese.Theydenotevt.指示,表示suchPsychologicalstatesasperception感觉,sentimentsentimentn.情操,情感,情绪,观点,多愁善感,感情,conception,desire,consciousnessetc.Forexample:

•1.Withtheunemploymenthigh,thedollarlow,andthestockmarketindistress,theeconomybecamethePresident’ssternest严峻的trial.

•随着失业人数的增长,美圆的贬值,股票市场的不景气,经济问题成了总统最严峻的考验.

•2.Thisstudentisnotcontentwithhisprogress.

•这个学生不满足于自己所取得的进步.

•factthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.

•她能够给我带信这件事是个暗示.但我还得小心谨慎才是.

•havesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.

•医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命.

•Suchadjectivesincommonuseinclude:

convinced相信

certain确定glad高兴afraid害怕

anxious渴望doubtful怀疑aware觉察

ashamed惭愧careful当心delighted

sorry可惜ignorant不知道thankful感谢

confident深信content满足

（2）ChinesetoEnglish

1.他非常热爱科学研究,但对晋级提升毫无兴趣.

•Heiskeenonscientificresearchbutindifferenttopromotion.

•2.她宽宏大量,富于同情心,并且顺从听话.

•Sheistolerant,sympatheticandobedient.

（4）ConversionofnounsinChinesetoverbsInEnglishandViceversa

•IntranslationitoftenhappensthatChineseVerbsareconvertedtoEnglishnouns.Inothercaseshowever,theoppositeistrue,thatis,ChinesenounsareconvertedtoEnglishverbs.Forexample:

•

（1）ChinesetoEnglish

•1.在张家界时我们看到一个高耸的岩石,它的形状像是一根金鞭.

•WhenwewereatZhangjiajie,wesawatoweringtowering.高耸的,杰出的,激烈的rockwhichwasshapedlikeagoldenwhip.

•2.气体和固体的区别,在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性.

•Gasesdifferfromsolidsinthattheformerhavegreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.

•3我本不敢开口提这事,可是他信里的口气十分严厉.

•Ididn’treallywanttomentionit,buthesoundedveryseriousinhisletter.

•4.这类计算机的发明是他们在科学中所取得的伟大成就的象征.

•Theinventionofthiskindofcomputerssymbolizesthegreatachievementstheyhavemadeinscience.

（2）EnglishtoChinese

•1.Theproductsofthissmallfactoryarecharacterizedbytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.

•这个小厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐用.

•operationofamachineneedssomeknowledgeofitsperformance.

•操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能.

•3.Thevolumeoftradehasincreasedtremendously,theadvantageofbothcountries.

•贸易额有了很大的增长,这给两国都带来了好处.

5WhennounsinEnglisharetranslatedintoverbsinChinese,theadjectivesmodifyingtheformerareusuallychangedtoadverbsintheotherlanguage.

•.Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflighteningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.

•偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。

•Meanwhile,intranslation,owingtothedifferentwaysofexpressioninthetwolanguages,EnglishadjectivesmaybeturnedintoChineseadverbsandviceversa.Forexample:

•HespoketotheminhesitantFrench.

•他结结巴巴地用法语向他们说。

•Thisissheernonsense.

•这完全是胡说。

•Buckleywasinaclearminority.

•巴克利显然属于少数。

6.ConversionofEnglishobjecttoChinesesubjectandviceversa

•.Anautomobilemusthaveabrakewithhighefficiency.

•汽车的煞车必须高度有效.

•Themechanicalenergycanbechangedbackintoelectricalenergybymeansofagenerator.

•利用发电机可以把机械能再转变成电能.

TranslatethefollowingintoChineseandpayattentiontotheconversion

•isastrangertotheoperationoftheelectroniccomputer.

•2.Themaidenvoyageofthenewly-builtsteamshipwasasuccess.

•3.Theelectroniccomputerischieflycharacterizedbyaccuracyandquickcomputation.

•4.Wehavemadeacarefulstudyofthepropertiesofthesechemicalelements.

Addition

•ateanddrank,forhewasexhausted.

•他吃点东西,喝点酒,因为他疲惫不堪了.

•2.Oxidationwillmakemetalsrusty.

•氧化作用会使金属生锈.

•3.Veryacuteproblemsexistamongthem.

•他们之间存在着非常尖锐的种种问题.

•Theydroveinablacklimousine,pastgrovesofbirchtreesandendlessrowsofidenticalnewbuilding.

•他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白桦树和看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住宅.

•Inflationhasnowreachedunprecedentedlevel.

•通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前严重的地步.

Ellipsis

•1.ellipsisofpronouns

•AsIlayawake,IrealizedthatIwasintrouble.

•我醒来,躺在地上,明白自己的处境不妙.

•Iam78yearsold,Ihavebeenconfinedtomyroomwithaparalyticstokeforthepast14months.

•我78岁了,由于患了瘫痪性中风,14个月来一直出不了门.

Ellipsisofconjunctions

•Icandoit,andsocanyou.

•我能做,你也能做.

•Hestudiedinthecollegefortwoyears,andthenhewenttojointhearmy.

•他在大学念了两年书,后来就去参军了.

•Whentheboardwasspinningslowly,youcouldseeallthedifferentcolors.

•纸板慢慢旋转,你就能看出各种不同的颜色.

Ellipsisofarticles

•Asoldiershouldbeloyaltohiscountry.

•士兵应该效忠祖国.

•Thecrocodileisadangerousanimal.

•鳄鱼是危险的动物.

•Ellipsisofprepositions

•OnAugust16,1983,theystartedfortheSouthtoseektheirfortune.

•1983年8月16日,他们动身去南方寻求生路.

Ellipsisfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric

•Hewasarrested,convictedandsentencestoprison.

他已被捕判刑,监禁在狱.

WilliamSidneyPorter,whoisknownunderhispenname,,isoneofthebestknownwriterofAmerica.

威廉.悉尼.波特尔,笔名欧.亨利,为美国最知名的作家之一.

Translatethesentences

•1Thehumanbrainweighsthreepounds,butinthatthreepoundsaretenbillionneuronsandahundredbillionsmallercells.

•2.Thedifferencebetweenmeandthesedaughterswasthattheysawme,becauseofmysex,asdestinedfrombirthtobecomeliketheirfathers,andthereforeasanenemytotheirdesires.

•hadbeautifuleyes,othersabeautifulnose,othersabeautifulmouthandfigure:

few,ifany,hadall.

•4.Ifellmadlyinlovewithher,andshewithme.

•5Inamomentshereappearedtohurlmychangeandtheticketonthecounterwithsuchforcemostofitfellontheflooratmyfeet.