英语中的法语词汇.docx

英语中的法语词汇.docx

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英语中的法语词汇

ListofFrenchwordsandphrasesusedbyEnglishspeakers

A

Apéritifs

Arête

ArtNouveau

àgogo 

inabundance.ItpertainstothefamiliarlanguageinFrench.

àla[...]

inthemannerof/inthestyleof[...]

àlacarte 

literally:

onthemenu;Inrestaurantsitreferstoorderingindividualdishesratherthanafixed-pricemeal.

àpropos 

regarding/concerning（notethatthecorrectFrenchsyntaxisàproposde）

abattoir 

slaughterhouse

accouchement 

confinementduringchildbirth;theprocessofhavingababy;onlythislastmeaningremainsinFrench

acquiscommunautaire

usedinEuropeanUnionlawtorefertothetotalbodyofEUlawaccumulatedthusfar.

adieu 

farewell;literallymeans"toGod,"itcarriesmoreweightthan"aurevoir"（"goodbye",literally"Untilnexttime"）:

itisdefinitive,implyingyouwillneverseetheotherpersonagain.Dependingonthecontext,misuseofthistermcanbeconsideredasaninsult,asyou'llwishfortheotherperson'sdeathorwillsaythatyoudon'twishtoseetheotherpersoneveragainwhilealive.Itisusedfor"aurevoir"insouthofFrance[1]andtopointadeprivationfromsomeoneorsomething.

adroit 

skillful,clever,inFrench:

habile,asa"right-handed"personwouldbeusinghis"right"hand,asopposedtohisleftonewithwhichhewouldbe"gauche"meaning"left".

aide-mémoire 

"memoryaid";anobjectormemorandumtoassistinremembrance,oradiplomaticpaperproposingthemajorpointsofdiscussion

allez!

"go!

"or"comeon!

",asacommandorasencouragment

amuse-boucheoramuse-gueule

asingle,bite-sizedhorsd'œuvre.

ancienrégime 

asociopoliticalorothersystemthatnolongerexists,anallusiontopre-revolutionaryFrance（usedwithcapitalletterinFrenchwiththismeaning :

AncienRégime）

aperçu 

preview;afirstimpression;initialinsight.

apéritif 

abefore-mealdrink（infamiliarFrench,itisshortenedas"apéro"）.InFrench,itmeanseitherthedrinkorfood（amuse-gueules....）youtakebeforeameal.Also,inFrance,evenifyou'resupposedtoeatafteranapéritif,itissociallyacceptedtotakeyourmealathome,thereforeyoucanhaveanapéritifatabar（withorwithoutfriends）,oratafriend'sbeforegoingbackhome.

appellationcontrôlée 

superviseduseofaname.Fortheconventionaluseoftheterm,seeAppellationd'originecontrôlée

aprèsmoi,ledéluge 

literally:

Afterme,thedeluge;remarkattributedtoLouisXVofFrance;usedinreferencetotheimpendingendofafunctioningFrenchmonarchyandpredictingtheFrenchRevolution.No.617SquadronRoyalAirForce,famouslyknownasthe"Dambusters",usesthisasitsmotto.AlsoaverseinthesongAprèsMoibyReginaSpektor.

arête 

anarrowridge.InFrench,alsofishbone;edgeofapolyhedronorgraph;bridgeofthenose.

armoire 

atypeofcabinet;wardrobe.

artnouveau 

astyleofdecorationandarchitectureofthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.ItbearsacapitalinFrench（Artnouveau）.

attaché 

apersonattachedtoanembassy;inFrenchisalsothepastparticipleoftheverbattacher（=tofasten,totight,tobelinked...）

AttaqueauFer

Anattackontheopponent'sbladeinfencing,e.g.beat,expulsion,pressure.

aucontraire 

onthecontrary.

aucourant 

up-to-date;abreastofcurrentaffairs.

aufait 

beingconversantinorwith,orinstructedinorwith.

aujus 

literally,withjuice,referringtoafoodcourseservedwithsauce.Oftenredundantlyformulated,asin'Open-facedsteaksandwich,servedwithaujus.'.NolongerusedinFrench,exceptfortheslang"êtreaujus"（tobeinformed）

aupair 

ayoungforeignerwhodoesdomesticchoresinexchangeforroomandboard.InFrance,thosechoresaremainlychildcare/education.

aurevoir!

"Seeyoulater!

"InFrenchacontractionofAuplaisirdevousrevoir（tothepleasureofseeingyouagain）.

avant-garde（pl.avant-gardes）

appliedtocutting-edgeorradicallyinnovativemovementsinart,musicandliterature;figuratively"ontheedge",literally,amilitaryterm,meaning"vanguard"（whichisthedeformationofavant-garde）or"advanceguard",inotherwords,"firsttoattack"（antonymofarrière-garde）.

avantlalettre 

usedtodescribesomethingorsomeoneseenasaprecursororforerunnerofsomething（suchasanartisticorpoliticalmovement）beforethatsomethingwasrecognizedandnamed,e.g."apost-modernistavantlalettre","afeministavantlalettre";theexpressionliterallymeansbeforetheletter,i.e."beforeithadaname".

avecplaisir 

mypleasure（lit."withpleasure"）

B

Ballet

bric-à-brac

Brioche

Bureau

ballet 

aclassicaltypeofdance

beaugeste 

literally"beautifulgesture";graciousgesture;also,agesturenobleinformbutmeaninglessinsubstance.inFrench :

aselfless/generous/fair-playact.

Beaux-Arts 

monumentalarchitecturalstyleoftheearly20thcenturymadefamousbytheAcadémiedesBeaux-Arts

beaucoup 

plenty,lotsof,much;mercibeaucoup:

thanksalot;misusedinslang,forexample"beaucoupmoney"（Frenchwouldaddtheprepositionde :

"beaucoupd'argent"）,especiallyinNewOrleans,LA.OccasionallycorruptedtoBookoo,typicallyinthecontextofFrenchinfluencedbyVietnameseculture.

belesprit（pl.beauxesprits） 

literally"finemind";acultivated,highlyintelligentperson

belle 

abeautifulwomanorgirl.Commonusesofthiswordareinthephrasesthebelleoftheball（themostbeautifulwomanorgirlpresentatafunction）andsouthernbelle（abeautifulwomanfromthesouthernstatesoftheUS）

BelleÉpoque 

aperiodinEuropeansocialhistorythatbeganduringthelate19thcenturyandlasteduntilWorldWarI.

belles-lettres 

literally"fineletters";literatureregardedforitsaestheticvalueratherthanitsdidacticorinformativecontent;also,light,stylishwritings,usuallyonliteraryorintellectualsubjects

bienfait !

literally"welldone";usedtoexpressschadenfreudewhensomeoneiswell-deservedlypunished

bienpensant 

literally"wellthinking";rightthinking,orthodox.Commonlyimplieswillfulblindnesstodangersorsufferingfacedbyothers.Thenounformbien-pensanceisrarelyseeninEnglish.

blasé 

unimpressedwithsomethingbecauseofover-familiarity,jaded.

Bleuceleste

literally"skyblue",isararely-occurringtinctureinheraldry（notbeingoneofthesevenmaincoloursormetalsorthethree"staynardcolours"）.

bonappétit 

literally"goodappetite";enjoyyourmeal

bonmot 

well-chosenword（s）,particularlyawittyremark

bonvivant 

onewhoenjoysthegoodlife,anepicurean

bonvoyage 

literally"goodjourney";haveagoodtrip!

bonjour 

"goodday",astandardgreetinginthemorningorafternoon

bonnechance 

"goodluck"（asin,'Iwishyougoodluck'）

lesboules 

（vulgar）literally"theballs";meaningthatwhateveryouaretalkingaboutisdreadful

bourgeois 

memberofthebourgeoisie.ThewordusedtorefertoshopkeeperslivingintownsintheMiddleAges.Nowthetermisderogatory,anditappliestoapersonwhosebeliefs,attitudes,andpracticesareconventionallymiddle-class.

bric-à-brac 

smallornamentalobjects,lessvaluablethanantiques;acollectionofoldfurniture,china,plateandcuriosities.Cf.debricetdebroc,correspondingtoour"byhookorbycrook",andbrack,refuse.

brioche 

asweetyeastbun,kindofacrossoverbetweenapopoverandalightmuffin;Frenchalsousethetermasslangfor'potbelly',becauseoftheoverhangeffect.

brunette 

abrown-hairedgirl.Forbrown-hairedman,Frenchusesbrunandforawomanbrune."Brunette"israrelyusedinFrench,unlessinoldliterature,anditsmasculineform,"brunet"（foraboy）,isalmostunheardof.

bureau（pl.bureaux） 

office.Alsomeans"desk"inFrench.

C

Caféaulait

Chaiselongue

Chauffeur

Chignon

Cul-de-sac

Contre-jour

Creperie

çanefaitrien 

"thatdoesn'tmatter";renderedassanfairyAnninBritishWWIslang[2].

cachet 

lit."stamp";adistinctivequality ;quality,prestige.

café 

acoffeeshop（alsousedinFrenchfor"coffee"）.

caféaulait 

coffeewithmilk;oralight-browncolor.Inmedicine,itisalsousedtodescribeabirthmarkthatisofalight-browncolor（caféaulaitspot）.

calque 

acopiedterm/thing

carteblanche 

unlimitedauthority;literally"whitecard"（i.e.blankcheck）.

cartedevisite 

acallingcard,literally"visitingcard".

carted'identité 

identitycard.Itsproper,butlesscommonlyusedadministrativeappellation,is"cartenationaled'identité"（nationalidentitycard）,abbreviatedasCNI.

c'estbon 

"that'sgood".

c'estlaguerre!

"That'sWar!

";or"Suchiswar!

"Oftenusedwiththemeaningthat"thismeanswar",butitcanbesometimesusedasanexpressiontosaythatwar（orlifeingeneral）isharshbutthatonemustacceptit.

c'estlamode. 

"That'sthefashion."

c'estlavie!

"That'slife!

";or"Suchislife!

"Itissometimesusedasanexpressiontosaythatlifeisharshbutthatonemustacceptit.

c'estmagnifique!

"That'sgreat!

";literallyit'smagnificent.

c’esttout 

thatiseverything,"That'sall."Seealsounpointc’esttout.

chacunsesgoûts/àchacunsesgoûts/àchacunsongoût/chacunàsongoût[allareused] 

"toeachhis（their）owntaste（s）"or"eachtohisowntaste".

chaiselongue 

alongchairforreclining;（alsorenderedchaiseloungeorchaseloungeviafolketymology）.

Champs-Élysées 

literally"ElysianFields";AvenuedesChamps-Élysées,oneofthelargestboulevardsinParis.Oftenreferredassimply"lesChamps".Pronouncedchanz-ay-lee-zay

chanteuse 

afemalesinger

chap