学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5.docx

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学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5.docx

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学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5.docx

学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5

SectionⅡ Grammar——被动语态

课前自主预

[例句·体验]

1.SomeprepositionsareomittedinAmericanEnglish.

在美式英语中,一些介词被省略了。

2.Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbymanalready.

到目前为止,月球已被人类到访过了。

3.AtalkonChinesehistorywillbegivenintheschoolhallnextweek.

下周,一场关于中国历史的讲座将在学校礼堂举行。

4.Alotofthingsarebeingdonebythedoctorstosavethelittlegirlnow.

现在医生们在用尽一切方法救治那个小女孩。

5.Themonkeywasseentojumpoffthetreejustnow.

刚才那只猴子被看到从树上跳了下来。

6.Howmanytreeshadbeenplantedbytheendoflastyear?

到去年年底,已经种了多少棵树?

7.Anicepicturewasbeingdrawnforourteacheratthistimeyesterday.

昨天这个时候,正在为我们老师画一幅漂亮的画。

8.Wasthecitybuiltin1880?

这座城市被建于1880年吗?

9.Willthefoodbesenttothehomelesstomorrow?

明天这些食物会被送给无家可归者吗?

10.Hasthegirlbeenallowedtogooutaloneatnightyet?

那个女孩已被允许晚上独自外出了吗?

课堂合作探究

[语法·讲座]

一、被动语态概述

构成

助动词be+动词的过去分词(be动词有人称、数和时态的变化)

用法

(1)不知道动作的执行者或者没必要、不愿意或不便说出动作的执行者时

(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时

①Hisbicyclewasstolenyesterday.

他的自行车昨天被人偷了。

②Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

我们每天都打扫教室。

③Somebabiesarebeinglookedafterbymymother.

一些婴儿正由我母亲照顾。

名师点津

在被动语态中,经常带有“by+动作执行者”,by在此译为“被,由”。

二、各种时态的被动语态形式

一般现在时

am/is/aredone

一般过去时

was/weredone

一般将来时

will/shallbedone

现在进行时

am/is/arebeingdone

过去进行时

was/werebeingdone

现在完成时

have/hasbeendone

过去完成时

hadbeendone

过去将来时

wouldbedone

①Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

很多国家说英语。

②Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.

公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。

③Theconstructionofthenewlabwillbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.

新实验室将会在下个月底前完工。

④Thesemagazineswillnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.

不准把这些杂志带出阅览室。

⑤Hastheyoungmanbeaskedtodosuchheavywork?

让这个年轻人做这样繁重的工作了吗?

⑥Wherewasthetextbookput?

课本放在哪儿了?

⑦TheworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIcamehere.

我来到这儿之前,这项工作已经完成了。

⑧Hetoldmethatthosetreeswouldbemovedtothepark.

他告诉我,那些树将被移到公园去。

名师点津

被动语态的否定形式是在助动词后面加not;其疑问句形式是把助动词放在主语的前面。

三、被动语态的特殊形式

1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:

情态动词+be+过去分词。

①Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.

应该教给她如何操作电脑。

2.“get/remain+动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形,强调结果。

②Thepatientgetstreatedonceaweek.

那位病人一周得到一次治疗。

四、主动形式表达被动含义

1.动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fail,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时,后跟名词或形容词作表语,表示主语的特点。

①Thedishtastesdelicious.

这道菜尝起来美味极了。

2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,open,stop,move等,用主动形式表达被动含义。

②Theshopopensat8:

00everyday.

商店每天八点开始营业。

3.表示主语属性、特性的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,lock等,用主动形式表达被动含义。

③Thenewbooksellswell.

这本新书销路很好。

五、主动语态变成被动语态

1.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语,谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态,其后可接by介词短语,by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。

①Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.

老师让他回答问题。

(变成被动语态)

=Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.

2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:

疑问词+一般疑问句。

②Willthedoctoroperateonthepatient?

医生将给病人动手术吗?

(变成被动语态)

=Willthepatientbeoperatedonbythedoctor?

③Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?

他们在哪儿种菜?

(变成被动语态)

=Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?

3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语,直接宾语(物)保持不变;

二是将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

④Hetoldusastory.

他给我们讲了一个故事。

(变成被动语态)

=Weweretoldastorybyhim.

=Astorywastoldtousbyhim.

⑤Hermotherboughtheracomputer.

她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。

(变成被动语态)

=Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.

=Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.

4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语,在变为被动语态时,要将动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。

⑥Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.

她将会照顾好这些孩子。

(变成被动语态)

=Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.

5.let,make等使役动词和see,watch,feel,notice,hear等感官动词用于被动语态时,若其后接动词不定式作补足语,这时要用带to的不定式。

⑦IhearClass7singtheEnglishsongeveryday.

每天我都听到7班唱这首英文歌。

(变成被动语态)

=TheEnglishsongisheardtosingeverydaybyme.

[课堂·总结演练]

Ⅰ 单句语法填空

1.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.

答案:

havebeengiven

2.—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?

—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth________(listen)to.

答案:

listening

3.Perhapsmostofthework________(do)bythistimetomorrow.

答案:

willhavebeendone

4.Intimesofeconomicdownturn,children________(warn)nottofollowthefashion.

答案:

werewarned

5.Peoplewerenotallowedtoenterthereadingroombecauseit________(paint).

答案:

wasbeingpainted

6.Weknewthatwe________(give)ourbooksthenextday.

答案:

wouldbegiven

7.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.

答案:

isbeingbuilt

8.Thesurfaceofthetable________(notfeel)smoothenough.

答案:

doesn'tfeel

9.It________(notdecide)whethershewillgetherworkinthecompany.

答案:

hasn'tbeendecided

10.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________(complete)inShanghai.

答案:

hadbeencompleted

Ⅱ 单句改错

1.Whatthegirlstudenthassaidissoundedtrue.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

issounded→sounds

2.Thelockislockedeasily.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

islocked→locks

3.Themeetingroomneedsbeingcleaned.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

beingcleaned→cleaning/tobecleaned

4.Thebooksinthebookshopareworthbeingread.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

beingread→reading

5.Theflowersweresolovelythattheywereselloutinnotime.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

sell→sold

演练通关提升

[夯实·基础知识]

Ⅰ 单句语法填空

1.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

答案:

hadbeentrapped

2.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan________(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.

答案:

hadbeencarried

3.Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

答案:

isbeingrepaired

4.Thestudents________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs,becausetheyneed________(repair).

答案:

aretold;repairing/toberepaired

5.Howmanytrees________(plant)inyourschooleveryyear?

答案:

areplanted

6.Jane________(dress)inbluejeansandapinkshirtlastweek.

答案:

wasdressed

7.Thiskindofapple________(sell)well.

答案:

sells

8.Amedicalteam________(send)totheworsthitdisasterareatomorrow.

答案:

willbesent

9.Thecomputercontestmay________(hold)nextweekintime.

答案:

beheld

10.—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.

—Iamsorry,butit________(reserve)already.

答案:

hasbeenreserved

Ⅱ 单句改错

1.ThewaterwasfeltcoolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

去掉was

2.Yourpeniswrittenquitesmoothly.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

iswritten→writes

3.Theproblemrequiresbeingstudyingwithcare.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

beingstudying→studying/tobestudied

4.Thequestionisworthbeingdiscussedagainandagain.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

beingdiscussed→discussing

5.TwoEnglishbookshasbeenlearnedbytheendoflastterm.

_________________________________________________________________

答案:

has→had

Ⅲ 单句写作

1.明年我们学校要建造一座新的教学楼。

Anewteachingbuilding____________inourschoolnextyear.

答案:

willbebuilt

2.在你离开教室之前,应该关上门和窗户。

Beforeyouleavetheclassroom,thedoorandwindows____________________.

答案:

shouldbeclosed

3.到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。

Alltheworkbynow____________________.

答案:

hasbeenfinished

4.我们都知道,学校的一切规章都必须遵守。

Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____________________.

答案:

mustbekept/obeyed

5.那边有一群人,去看看在卖什么。

There'sacrowdofpeopleoverthere.Goandseewhat______________.

答案:

isbeingsold

[提升·实战能力]

Ⅳ 阅读理解

Thesunwassettingandthefarmwouldbeclosing.Idressedourthreedaughtersquicklyasmyhusbandstartedthevan.CuttingdownourownChristmastreehadbeenafamilytradition.Asourfamilygrew,sodidourexcitementforgoingouttofindtheperfecttree.

Aswewalkedthroughtherowsoftrees,myyoungestdaughterKimberlyshoutedexcitedly,“Thereitis,theperfecttree!

”Theothertwoagreed.MyhusbandandIlookedateachotherpuzzled.Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌乱的)littletreewasperfect.Itsbranchesweremisshappen(畸形的)andthetrunkwasvisiblethroughthespotswheretherewerenopineneedles.

Wetriedtopersuadeourdaughtersintochangingtheirminds,butinvain.Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.Suddenlysheshouted,“Thetreeisn'tthere!

”Wethoughtshewaskidding.However,itwasn'tthere.

Thegirlsweresodisappointed.“We'llgetanothertreetomorrow,”Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.Butthegirlsgaveusthelookthatnoparentcanresist.Wehadnochoicebuttogobackandfindthattree.

Aboutfiveminutesintoourdrive,wesawitonthesideoftheroad.Aswegotcloser,wefoundithadbeenrunoverbyatruck.Asweliftedthetree,wesawthatabigpartwasrippedoff,butwetookithomeanyway.

Thatnight,aswedecoratedourtree,somethingmagicalhappened.Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.Bythetimeweweredone,Ihadtoadmit,itdidn'tlooksadafterall.“Thisisthebesttreeweeverhad.It'sperfect!

”myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly.MyhusbandandIcouldn'thaveagreedmore!

Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree!

Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwentyfiveyearsago.

篇章导读:

本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述二十五年前的圣诞节,作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成漂亮的圣诞树。

尽管时间流逝,但作者一家人对那棵树还是津津乐道,经常想起那棵树。

1.Whowasthefirsttofindthetreewasmissing?

A.Theyoungestdaug

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