学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5.docx
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学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5
SectionⅡ Grammar——被动语态
课前自主预
[例句·体验]
1.SomeprepositionsareomittedinAmericanEnglish.
在美式英语中,一些介词被省略了。
2.Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbymanalready.
到目前为止,月球已被人类到访过了。
3.AtalkonChinesehistorywillbegivenintheschoolhallnextweek.
下周,一场关于中国历史的讲座将在学校礼堂举行。
4.Alotofthingsarebeingdonebythedoctorstosavethelittlegirlnow.
现在医生们在用尽一切方法救治那个小女孩。
5.Themonkeywasseentojumpoffthetreejustnow.
刚才那只猴子被看到从树上跳了下来。
6.Howmanytreeshadbeenplantedbytheendoflastyear?
到去年年底,已经种了多少棵树?
7.Anicepicturewasbeingdrawnforourteacheratthistimeyesterday.
昨天这个时候,正在为我们老师画一幅漂亮的画。
8.Wasthecitybuiltin1880?
这座城市被建于1880年吗?
9.Willthefoodbesenttothehomelesstomorrow?
明天这些食物会被送给无家可归者吗?
10.Hasthegirlbeenallowedtogooutaloneatnightyet?
那个女孩已被允许晚上独自外出了吗?
课堂合作探究
[语法·讲座]
一、被动语态概述
构成
助动词be+动词的过去分词(be动词有人称、数和时态的变化)
用法
(1)不知道动作的执行者或者没必要、不愿意或不便说出动作的执行者时
(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时
①Hisbicyclewasstolenyesterday.
他的自行车昨天被人偷了。
②Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
我们每天都打扫教室。
③Somebabiesarebeinglookedafterbymymother.
一些婴儿正由我母亲照顾。
名师点津
在被动语态中,经常带有“by+动作执行者”,by在此译为“被,由”。
二、各种时态的被动语态形式
一般现在时
am/is/aredone
一般过去时
was/weredone
一般将来时
will/shallbedone
现在进行时
am/is/arebeingdone
过去进行时
was/werebeingdone
现在完成时
have/hasbeendone
过去完成时
hadbeendone
过去将来时
wouldbedone
①Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
很多国家说英语。
②Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.
公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。
③Theconstructionofthenewlabwillbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.
新实验室将会在下个月底前完工。
④Thesemagazineswillnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.
不准把这些杂志带出阅览室。
⑤Hastheyoungmanbeaskedtodosuchheavywork?
让这个年轻人做这样繁重的工作了吗?
⑥Wherewasthetextbookput?
课本放在哪儿了?
⑦TheworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIcamehere.
我来到这儿之前,这项工作已经完成了。
⑧Hetoldmethatthosetreeswouldbemovedtothepark.
他告诉我,那些树将被移到公园去。
名师点津
被动语态的否定形式是在助动词后面加not;其疑问句形式是把助动词放在主语的前面。
三、被动语态的特殊形式
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
①Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.
应该教给她如何操作电脑。
2.“get/remain+动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形,强调结果。
②Thepatientgetstreatedonceaweek.
那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
四、主动形式表达被动含义
1.动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fail,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时,后跟名词或形容词作表语,表示主语的特点。
①Thedishtastesdelicious.
这道菜尝起来美味极了。
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,open,stop,move等,用主动形式表达被动含义。
②Theshopopensat8:
00everyday.
商店每天八点开始营业。
3.表示主语属性、特性的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,lock等,用主动形式表达被动含义。
③Thenewbooksellswell.
这本新书销路很好。
五、主动语态变成被动语态
1.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语,谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态,其后可接by介词短语,by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。
①Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.
老师让他回答问题。
(变成被动语态)
=Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
②Willthedoctoroperateonthepatient?
医生将给病人动手术吗?
(变成被动语态)
=Willthepatientbeoperatedonbythedoctor?
③Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?
他们在哪儿种菜?
(变成被动语态)
=Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?
3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语,直接宾语(物)保持不变;
二是将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
④Hetoldusastory.
他给我们讲了一个故事。
(变成被动语态)
=Weweretoldastorybyhim.
=Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
⑤Hermotherboughtheracomputer.
她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。
(变成被动语态)
=Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.
=Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.
4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语,在变为被动语态时,要将动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
⑥Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.
她将会照顾好这些孩子。
(变成被动语态)
=Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.
5.let,make等使役动词和see,watch,feel,notice,hear等感官动词用于被动语态时,若其后接动词不定式作补足语,这时要用带to的不定式。
⑦IhearClass7singtheEnglishsongeveryday.
每天我都听到7班唱这首英文歌。
(变成被动语态)
=TheEnglishsongisheardtosingeverydaybyme.
[课堂·总结演练]
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.
答案:
havebeengiven
2.—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?
—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth________(listen)to.
答案:
listening
3.Perhapsmostofthework________(do)bythistimetomorrow.
答案:
willhavebeendone
4.Intimesofeconomicdownturn,children________(warn)nottofollowthefashion.
答案:
werewarned
5.Peoplewerenotallowedtoenterthereadingroombecauseit________(paint).
答案:
wasbeingpainted
6.Weknewthatwe________(give)ourbooksthenextday.
答案:
wouldbegiven
7.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.
答案:
isbeingbuilt
8.Thesurfaceofthetable________(notfeel)smoothenough.
答案:
doesn'tfeel
9.It________(notdecide)whethershewillgetherworkinthecompany.
答案:
hasn'tbeendecided
10.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________(complete)inShanghai.
答案:
hadbeencompleted
Ⅱ 单句改错
1.Whatthegirlstudenthassaidissoundedtrue.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
issounded→sounds
2.Thelockislockedeasily.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
islocked→locks
3.Themeetingroomneedsbeingcleaned.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
beingcleaned→cleaning/tobecleaned
4.Thebooksinthebookshopareworthbeingread.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
beingread→reading
5.Theflowersweresolovelythattheywereselloutinnotime.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
sell→sold
演练通关提升
[夯实·基础知识]
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.
答案:
hadbeentrapped
2.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan________(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.
答案:
hadbeencarried
3.Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.
答案:
isbeingrepaired
4.Thestudents________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs,becausetheyneed________(repair).
答案:
aretold;repairing/toberepaired
5.Howmanytrees________(plant)inyourschooleveryyear?
答案:
areplanted
6.Jane________(dress)inbluejeansandapinkshirtlastweek.
答案:
wasdressed
7.Thiskindofapple________(sell)well.
答案:
sells
8.Amedicalteam________(send)totheworsthitdisasterareatomorrow.
答案:
willbesent
9.Thecomputercontestmay________(hold)nextweekintime.
答案:
beheld
10.—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
—Iamsorry,butit________(reserve)already.
答案:
hasbeenreserved
Ⅱ 单句改错
1.ThewaterwasfeltcoolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
去掉was
2.Yourpeniswrittenquitesmoothly.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
iswritten→writes
3.Theproblemrequiresbeingstudyingwithcare.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
beingstudying→studying/tobestudied
4.Thequestionisworthbeingdiscussedagainandagain.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
beingdiscussed→discussing
5.TwoEnglishbookshasbeenlearnedbytheendoflastterm.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:
has→had
Ⅲ 单句写作
1.明年我们学校要建造一座新的教学楼。
Anewteachingbuilding____________inourschoolnextyear.
答案:
willbebuilt
2.在你离开教室之前,应该关上门和窗户。
Beforeyouleavetheclassroom,thedoorandwindows____________________.
答案:
shouldbeclosed
3.到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。
Alltheworkbynow____________________.
答案:
hasbeenfinished
4.我们都知道,学校的一切规章都必须遵守。
Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____________________.
答案:
mustbekept/obeyed
5.那边有一群人,去看看在卖什么。
There'sacrowdofpeopleoverthere.Goandseewhat______________.
答案:
isbeingsold
[提升·实战能力]
Ⅳ 阅读理解
Thesunwassettingandthefarmwouldbeclosing.Idressedourthreedaughtersquicklyasmyhusbandstartedthevan.CuttingdownourownChristmastreehadbeenafamilytradition.Asourfamilygrew,sodidourexcitementforgoingouttofindtheperfecttree.
Aswewalkedthroughtherowsoftrees,myyoungestdaughterKimberlyshoutedexcitedly,“Thereitis,theperfecttree!
”Theothertwoagreed.MyhusbandandIlookedateachotherpuzzled.Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌乱的)littletreewasperfect.Itsbranchesweremisshappen(畸形的)andthetrunkwasvisiblethroughthespotswheretherewerenopineneedles.
Wetriedtopersuadeourdaughtersintochangingtheirminds,butinvain.Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.Suddenlysheshouted,“Thetreeisn'tthere!
”Wethoughtshewaskidding.However,itwasn'tthere.
Thegirlsweresodisappointed.“We'llgetanothertreetomorrow,”Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.Butthegirlsgaveusthelookthatnoparentcanresist.Wehadnochoicebuttogobackandfindthattree.
Aboutfiveminutesintoourdrive,wesawitonthesideoftheroad.Aswegotcloser,wefoundithadbeenrunoverbyatruck.Asweliftedthetree,wesawthatabigpartwasrippedoff,butwetookithomeanyway.
Thatnight,aswedecoratedourtree,somethingmagicalhappened.Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.Bythetimeweweredone,Ihadtoadmit,itdidn'tlooksadafterall.“Thisisthebesttreeweeverhad.It'sperfect!
”myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly.MyhusbandandIcouldn'thaveagreedmore!
Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree!
Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwentyfiveyearsago.
篇章导读:
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述二十五年前的圣诞节,作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成漂亮的圣诞树。
尽管时间流逝,但作者一家人对那棵树还是津津乐道,经常想起那棵树。
1.Whowasthefirsttofindthetreewasmissing?
A.Theyoungestdaug