潮汐相关知识英文.docx

潮汐相关知识英文.docx

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潮汐相关知识英文

Schematicofthelunarportionofearth'stidesshowing（exaggerated）hightidesatthesublunarandantipodalpointsforthehypotheticalcaseofanoceanofconstantdepthwithnoland.Therewouldalsobesmaller,superimposedbulgesonthesidesfacingtowardandawayfromthesun.

InMaine（U.S.）lowtideoccursroughlyatmoonriseandhightidewithahighmoon,correspondingtothesimplegravitymodeloftwotidalbulges ;atmostplaceshowever,moonandtideshaveaphaseshift.

English:

Tidesschematic.Duetothebathymetryofsomeareas,neapandspringtidesreachtheirmaximumforce2daysafterthefirstquartermoon,thirdquartermoonandnewmoon,fullmoon,respectively.Intheabsenceofcomplicationsduetobathymetry,springtidesareexactlyatthefullandnewmoonsandneaptidesareexactlyattheone-quarterandthree-quartermoon.Everysixhoursthewateralsolowersorheightens;assuchfourtidesarecreated:

Lowwaterspringtide

Highwaterspringtide

Lowwaterneaptide

Highwaterneaptide

Date

6October2009

Source

Publicdomainimage:

File:

Tidesschematic.JPGwhichwasbasedonanimagein"LeidraadvoorhetStuurbrevet"byRichardVooren,PaulVandenKeybus

English:

TidesaretheriseandfallofsealevelscausedbythecombinedeffectsofgravitationalforcesexertedbytheMoon,Sun,androtationoftheEarth.

Thesemi-diurnalrange（thedifferenceinheightbetweenhighandlowwatersoverabouthalfaday）variesinatwo-weekcycle.Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundnewmoonandfullmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline（aconditionknownassyzygy[8]）,thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon.Thetide'srangeisthenatitsmaximum;thisiscalledthespringtide.Itisnotnamedaftertheseason,but,likethatword,derivesfromthemeaning"jump,burstforth,rise",asinanaturalspring.

WhentheMoonisatfirstquarterorthirdquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°whenviewedfromtheEarth,andthesolartidalforcepartiallycancelstheMoon's.Atthesepointsinthelunarcycle,thetide'srangeisatitsminimum;thisiscalledtheneaptide,orneaps（awordofuncertainorigin）.

English:

Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundnewmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline（aconditionknownassyzygy[8]）,thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon

English:

WhentheMoonisatfirstquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°whenviewedfromtheEarth,andthesolartidalforcepartiallycancelstheMoon's.Atthesepointsinthelunarcycle,thetide'srangeisatitsminimum;thisiscalledtheneaptide,orneaps（awordofuncertainorigin）.

English:

Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundfullmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline（aconditionknownassyzygy[8]）,thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon

English:

WhentheMoonisatthirdquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°whenviewedfromtheEarth,andthesolartidalforcepartiallycancelstheMoon's.Atthesepointsinthelunarcycle,thetide'srangeisatitsminimum;thisiscalledtheneaptide,orneaps（awordofuncertainorigin）.

TheM2tidalconstituent.Amplitudeisindicatedbycolor,andthewhitelinesarecotidaldifferingby1hour.Thecurvedarcsaroundtheamphidromicpointsshowthedirectionofthetides,eachindicatingasynchronized6-hourperiod.Tidalrangesgenerallyincreasewithincreasingdistancefromamphidromicpoints.Thecolorsindicatewheretidesaremostextreme（highesthighs,lowestlows）,withbluesbeingleastextreme.Inalmostadozenplacesonthismapthelinesconverge.Noticehowateachoftheseplacesthesurroundingcolorisblue,indicatinglittleornotide.Theseconvergentareasarecalledamphidromicpoints.Tidewavesmovearoundthesepoints,generallycounterclockwiseintheN.HemisphereandclockwiseintheS.Hemisphere[16][17]

English:

TheM2tidalconstituent.Amplitudeisindicatedbycolor,andthewhitelinesarecotidaldifferingby1hr.Thecurvedarcsaroundtheamphidromicpointsshowthedirectionofthetides,eachindicatingasynchronized6hourperiod.

Deutsch:

GezeitenalsindenWeltmeerenumlaufendeWellen.DieAmplitudederPegelschwankungenistfarbkodiert.EsgibtmehrereKnotenpunkteverschwindenderAmplitude,umdiedieWellenherumschwappen.LiniengleicherPhase（weiß）umgebendieKnotenpunktebüschelförmig.DieWellenausbreitungerfolgtsenkrechtzudiesenLinien.DieRichtungistdurchPfeileangedeutet.

R.Ray,TOPEX/Poseidon:

RevealingHiddenTidalEnergy,GSFC,NASA.RedistributewithcredittoR.Ray,and

NASA-GoddardSpaceFlightCenter

NASA-JetPropulsionLaboratory

ScientificVisualizationStudio

TelevisionProductionNASA-TV/GSFC

ThelunargravitydifferentialfieldattheEarth'ssurfaceisknownasthetide-generatingforce.Thisistheprimarymechanismthatdrivestidalactionandexplainstwoequipotentialtidalbulges,accountingfortwodailyhighwaters.

English:

Differentialgravityfieldthatcausestides.

English:

Aschematicshowingthediurnal,semidiurnalandmixedtypes.TheimagewasmadebyMichaelPidwirnyoftheIrvingK.BarberSchoolofArtsandSciences,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Okanagan

English:

Aschematicofthewatersurfacelevelchangeswiththetides.Averagelowwaterspringoraveragelowwaterneaptide;usedasareference,whichoneisuseddependsonwhetherLWNorLWSislowest.Theschematicwashanddrawnbasedonanimagefromthebook"LeidraadvoorhetStuurbrevet"byRichardVooren,PaulVandenKeybus.NotethattheALWS/ALWNisbestreplacedbyLAT（lowestastronomicaltide）inanextversionoftheimage.AsthiswaterlevelmaybelowerthanALWN/ALWS,someofthetextwillberenderedobsolete

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TidalpatternsinCookStrait.Thenorthpart（Nelson）hastwospringtidespermonth,versusonlyoneonthesouthside（WellingtonandNapier）.

HighandlowtidesinNewZealandatNelsonwithtwospringtidespermonthcomparedtoWellingtonandNapierwithoneonly.Valuesaredifferencesfromtheaveragewaterlevel.

Theprincipaltidaldatarelatedtoabeachprofile.Theintersectionofthetidaldatumwithlanddeterminesthelandwardedgeofamarineboundary.FromNOSTidalDatumsPub（onNavalPostgraduateSchool）.http:

//www.oc.nps.navy.mil/nom/day1/partc.htmlfigure:

ahttp:

//www.oc.nps.navy.mil/nom/day1/tidal_datums_fig17.gif