《英语外刊选读》复习提纲1219.docx

《英语外刊选读》复习提纲1219.docx

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《英语外刊选读》复习提纲1219

《英语外刊选读》复习提纲

题型

1.新词、热词翻译（20%）

2.回答问题（30%）

3.段落翻译（20%）

4.概要写作（30%）

PartIHotwordTranslation（10×2′=20′）

1.末日谣言（doomsdayrumor）

2.价格欺诈（pricegouging）

3.员工福利保障体系（employeebenefitssystem）

4.气候融资（climatefinancing）

5.养老保险（endowmentinsurance）

6.婚姻保险（marriageprotectioninsurance,marriagepolicy,concubine-proofpolicy）

7.停火协议（cease-fireagreement）

8.流浪儿童（streetchildren）

9.留守儿童（left-behindchildren）

10.文化逆差（culturaldeficit）

11.党的建设（partybuilding）

12.中国特色社会主义（socialismwithChinesecharacteristics）

13.中华民族的伟大复兴（thegreatrenewal/rejuvenationoftheChinesenation）

14.民生（people’slivelihood）

15.差额选举（competitiveelection）

16.等额选举（singlecandidateelection）

17.政治体制改革（politicalstructurereform）

18.科学发展观（ScientificOutlookonDevelopment）

19.政治局（thePoliticalBureau）

20.集体供暖（collectiveheating）

21.分户采暖（household-basedheating）

22.党代会（theNationalPartyCongress）

23.音乐付费下载（paidmusicdownload）

24.国考（NationalCivilServantexamination）

25.高原反应（altitudesickness）

26.版税收入（royaltyincome）

27.加班费（overtimepay）

28.安全隐患（hiddendanger）

29.土地交易（landdeal）

30.航空母舰（aircraftcarrier）

31.预期贷款（overdueloan）

32.不良贷款（non-performingloan）

33.坏账（deadloan）

34.恢复营业（resumeoperation）

35.领海基线（territorialseabaseline）

36.新农合医保体系（newruralcooperativemedicalcaresystem）

37.Kidult（kid+adult）表面看上去已经成年、但心里不想长大的人。

38.走光（wardrobemalfunction）

39.腰部赘肉（muffin-top）

40.蹭网族（Wi-Fisquatter）

41.重启一代（theresetgeneration）

42.草根领袖（grasstop）

43.自拍照（selfie）

44.多层三明治一代（club-sandwichgeneration）指同时要照顾父母、孩子以及孙辈的一代人。

45.解困来电（escapecall）

46.软福利（softwelfare）

47.蜗婚（livingaparttogether）指离婚后还住在一起的人。

48.自产绿色食品（100-footdiet）

49.AA制（Dutchtreatment）

50.安家费（settle-inallowance）

PartIIQuestionsbasedonthearticles（2×15′=30′）

1.WhoisgenerationX,andhowtocoachthem?

2.GiveabriefintroductiontoSteveJobs.

3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweentheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanPartyinAmerica?

4.WhydidObamawintheelectionforsecondterm?

5.Travelcanhelpmendafracturedworld.Doyouagreeordisagree,andwhy?

6.Whatarethefiveshiftsandtheirconsequencesinglobalrebalancing?

7.WhataretheSymbolsof“old,new,borrowed,blueandsilversixpence”inthewesternweddingcustom（somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblueandasilversixpenceinyourshoe）?

8.Whyarethecampusromancesunrequited?

PartIIIparagraphTranslation（1×20′=20′）

1.Anewstudy,publishedinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsumerResearch,showsthatanoccurrenceknownbymarketersasthe“left-digiteffect”drasticallyinfluencesthechoicesthatpeoplemakewhilebuyingvariousitems.Simpleexperimentshaveproventhattoolittleattentionispaidtothedigitontherighthandsideofapricetag.Forinstance,peoplewouldratherbuysomethingthatispricedat$3.99thanthosepricedat$4.00.Inactualstores,thisisencouraged,asproducersandmanagershavethefinaltwonumbersofthepriceprintedwithmuchsmallerfontsthanthefirstoneortwo.Shopperspayadisproportionateamountofattentiontotheleftmostdigitsinpricesandtheseleftmostdigitsimpactwhetheraproduct'spriceisperceivedtoberelativelyaffordableorexpensive,”thestudysays.

2.Resetgenerationrefertoyoungpeoplewho,whenasituationbecomesdifficultorburdensome,quitandstartoveragaininadifferentsituation.Thisphrasewasinspiredbythe"reset"featurethatcomeswithmostvideoorcomputergames.Choosingthisfeaturegivestheplayerafreshstartandismostoftenemployedwhentheplayergetsintoamessfromwhichheorshecan'torwon'tescape.Theword"reset"meansthattheseyoungpeoplesimplychooseto"reset"their"play"buttonsbychangingjobs,partnersorfriends,insteadoftryingtocopewithandlearnfromtheirdifficulties—astandardpatternforoldergenerations.

3.Sweet-wordsbriberyreferstoendearingorflatteringwords,insteadofcashandgifts,thatsomepeopleusetowinovertheheartoftheirbossorsomeonewhomightbeuseful,inordertogetwhattheywant.Sweet-wordsbriberyisburiedindailycommunicationsanddon’thaveanyhardevidenceasdirectbriberybasedonmaterialsdoes.

4."Mother-in-lawsyndrome"istheideathatChinesemothers-in-lawaredrivingupthepriceofrealestatebyrefusingtoallowtheirdaughterstomarrymenwhoarenothomeowners.MenarepouringalltheirsavingsinrealestatemarketasameansofimprovingtheirchancesoffindingMrs.Right,oranyMrs.forthatmatter.Astudyshowsthat30to48percent（or$8trillionworth）oftherealestateappreciationin35majorChinesecitiesisdirectlycorrelatedwithChina'ssex-ratioimbalanceandaman'sneedtoacquirewealth（property）inordertoattractawife.

5.CityhoppingdescribesthesituationthatsomeyoungChineseareforcedtogiveupjobsinlargecitieslikeShanghaiandBeijingandtrytosettledowninsecond-or-third-tiercitiesbecauseofharshcompetitionatworkandincreasinglivingcosts.Forexample:

Insteadofjobhopping,anincreasingnumberofyoungChinesearethinkingofcityhopping,thatis,leavingbigcitiesandfindingaplaceinsmallcities.

6.Escapecallisaplannedcallorbeepfromaco-workerthatallowsyoutofeignanemergencyinordertoescapeaparticularlyboringormeaninglessmeeting,orfromafriendthathelpsyouescapefromanunsatisfying,evenembarrassingblinddate.Reasonsforthecallcanbevarious,suchasaneighborcallingaboutaleakypipe;amotherinformingthatasisterjusthadababy;orabosssayingheneedshelpimmediately.

7.Thelawnmowerparentcomesaswell-intentionedparentsincreasinglytrytotrimtheproblemsfromtheirchildren'slives.Insteadofhoveringovertheirchildrencloselymonitoringthemashelicopterparentsaresaidto,lawnmowerparentsgetoutinfrontoftheirchildrentotryandclearthewayforthem.Theytrytoremoveobstaclesthatchildrenmightneedtonegotiate.Constantmonitoring,overschedulingandprotectingchildrenfromtheirownproblemscancomeatacost.Overprotectionmaybecontributingtotherisingprevalenceofanxietydisordersamongchildren.

8.Socialbubble（orinterpersonalbubble）describesthesituationinwhichpeopleseemtohaveawiderangeofsocialconnections,butwhenitcomestorealfriendship,fewremaininthecircle.Followingthewaveoffinancialbubbleandrealestatebubble,socialbubbleisshowingupamongofficeworkersinrecentyears.Yourofficedrawerisfilledwithnamecardswhoseownersmightbetotalstrangerstoyou.Therearemanycontactsinyourinstantmessengerthatyoumayneverstartaconversationwithorwhosenamehasslippedfromyourmemory.Youmayhavemany“friends”inyourcellphonecontactlist,butthereisnooneyoucantalktowhenyouareupset.

9.MarriagesinmodernsocietyarelikeFrenchfriesproducedonrestaurantassemblylines,comingandgoinginthetwinkleofaneye.Thereisflashmarriageandflashdivorce.Youngmenandwomenmaygetmarriedsoonaftertheirfirstdate,andthenfilefordivorcenotlongafterthewedding.Marriageistreatedlikeagame.Gettingmarriedanddivorcedisjustlikehavingamealinafast-foodrestaurant,that’swheretheterm“fast-foodmarriage”comesfrom.Withanincreasingnumberoffast-foodmarriages,wemayseefewerlong-lastingmarriages,likegoldenandsilverweddings,inthefuture,butmorebrokenfamiliesandlonelyhearts.

PartIVSummaryWriting（1×30′=30′）

PassageOne

AttitudeIsEverything

Jerrywasthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Hewasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,"IfIwereanybetter,Iwouldbetwins!

"

Hewasauniquemanagerbecausehehadseveralwaiterswhohadfollowedhimaroundfromrestauranttorestaurant.ThereasonthewaitersfollowedJerrywasbecauseofhisattitude.Hewasanaturalmotivator.Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Jerrywastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.

Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoJerryandaskedhim,"Idon'tgetit!

Youcan'tbeapositivepersonallofthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

"

Jerryreplied,"EachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,'Jerry,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.'Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Eachtimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,IcanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorIcanpointoutthepositivesideoflife.Ichoosethepositivesideoflife."

"Yeah,right,it'snotthateasy,"Iprotested.

"Yes,itis,"Jerrysaid."Lifeisallaboutchoices.Whenyoucutawayallthejunk,everysituationisachoice.Youchoosehowyoureacttosituations.Youchoosehowpeoplewillaffectyourmood.Youchoosetobeinagoodmoodorbadmood.Thebottomline:

It'syourchoicehowyoulivelife."

IreflectedonwhatJerrysaid.Soonthereafter,Ilefttherestaurantindustrytostartmyownbusiness.Welosttouch,butIoftenthoughtabouthimwhenImadeachoiceaboutlifeinsteadofreactingtoit.

Severalyearslater,IheardthatJerrydidsomethingyouareneversupposedtodoinarestaurantbusiness:

heleftthebackdooropenonemorningandwasheldupatgunpointbythreearmedrobbers.Whiletryingtoopenthesafe,hishand,shakingfromnervousness,slippedoffthecombination.Therobberspanickedandshothim.

Luckily,Jerrywasfoundrelativelyquicklyandrushedtothelocaltraumacent