高中英语 Unit 20 New Frontiers单元综合测评 北师大版选修7.docx

高中英语 Unit 20 New Frontiers单元综合测评 北师大版选修7.docx

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高中英语Unit20NewFrontiers单元综合测评北师大版选修7

Unit20NewFrontiers

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分；满分30分）

A

Whatwillpoweryourhouseinthefuture？

Nuclear，wind，orsolarpower？

AccordingtoscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）intheUS，itmightbeleaves—butartificial（人造的）ones.

Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoenergy.Itisknownasphotosynthesis（光合作用）．Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisseeminglysimpleprocess.

TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecialsiliconchipwithcatalysts（催化剂）．Similartonaturalleaves，itcansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenwhenputintoabucketofwater.Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuelcell，whichusesthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricity，locatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehouse.

Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercard，scientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobeaninexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.“OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnology，”saidNoceraataconferenceoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.

Theartificialleafisnotanewidea.Thefirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensiveandunstableforpracticaluse.Thenewleaf，bycontrast，ismadeofcheapmaterials，easytouseandhighlystable.Inlaboratorystudies，Nocerashowedthatanartificialleafprototype（原型）couldoperatecontinuouslyforatleast45hourswithoutadropinactivity.

ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera'srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerful，newandinexpensivecatalysts.Thesecatalystsmaketheenergytransformationinsidetheleafmoreefficientwithwaterandsunlight.Rightnow，thenewleafisabout10timesmoreefficientatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananaturalone.Besides，thedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailable：

thatis，itdoesn'tneedpurewater.Thisisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon'thaveaccesstopurewater.

Withthegoalto“makeeachhomeitsownpowerstation”and“giveenergytothepoor”，scientistsbelievethatthenewtechnologycouldbewidelyusedindevelopingcountries，especiallyinIndiaandruralChina.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普文。

文章介绍了科学家利用人造树叶效仿光合作用进行发电这一新发明。

1．Whichofthefollowingorderscorrectlyshowshowtheartificialleafisusedtoproduceelectricity?

a．Artificialleavessplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen.

b．Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarestoredinafuelcell.

c．Theartificialleavesareputinwater.

d．Thefuelcelluseshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricity.

A．c，b，a，d　　B．c，a，b，d

C．b，c，a，dD．c，a，d，b

【解析】　细节理解题。

文章的第三段提到人造树叶发电的过程：

先把它放在一桶水里，然后树叶将水分解为氢气和氧气，而氢气和氧气被存储于燃料电池里，随后电池利用氢气和氧气的反应发电。

【答案】　B

2．ThepurposeofthescientistsatMITindevelopingthenewartificialleafisto________．

A．buildupmorepowerstationsintheworld

B．providecheaperenergyfordevelopingcountries

C．offerpeopleindevelopingcountriesaccesstopurewater

D．gainadeeperunderstandingofthephotosynthesisprocess

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，人造树叶发电这一技术可以帮助发展中国家获得便宜的能源。

【答案】　B

3．Themainideaofthispassageis________．

A．anintroductiontothehistoryofartificialleaves

B．aninventioncopyingphotosynthesis

C．givingenergytothepoor

D．amixtureofwaterpowerandsolarenergy

【解析】　主旨大意题。

综观全文可知，本文主要讲述了人造树叶模拟光合作用发电这一新发明。

【答案】　B

4．Theunderlinedword“imitate”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“________”．

A．produceB．hold

C．preventD．copy

【解析】　词义猜测题。

画线部分的前文介绍了什么是光合作用，后文介绍了利用人造树叶效仿光合作用进行发电的内容，所以该词的含义应该是“效仿”，故D项是最佳答案。

【答案】　D

B

（2016·江西九江一中高二月考）Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway，you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes，andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympices.Butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge，itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.

Selfimageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook，thewayyouact，thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly，ourselfimageareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately，mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourselfimageandyourwholeworld.

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis，makealistifyouneedto，butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.

Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeselfimagebecauseyoucan'tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well，rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou'resillybecauseyouaren'tgoodatmath，findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou'reweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile，gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou'redullbecauseyoudon'twearthelatesttrends，buyafewnewclothes.Butremember，justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn'tmeanit'strue.

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective，andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat（拍）yourselfontheback，you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!

【语篇解读】　本文作者主要阐述如何消除否定的自我形象和如何建立肯定的自我形象。

5．Youneedtobuildapositiveselfimagewhenyou________．

A．daretochallengeyourself

B．feelithardtochangeyourself

C．areunconfidentaboutyourself

D．haveahighopinionofyourself

【解析】　细节理解题。

本题题眼在第一段最后一句。

关键是理解“Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge”，“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”。

【答案】　C

6．Accordingtothepassage，ourselfimages________．

A．havepositiveeffects

B．areprobablyuntrue

C．areoftenchangeable

D．havedifferentfunctions

【解析】　细节理解题。

由第四段最后一句和第五段第一句可知。

【答案】　B

7．Howshouldyouchangeyourselfimageaccordingtothepassage?

A．Tokeepadifferentimageofothers.

B．Tomakeyourlifesuccessful.

C．Tounderstandyourownworld.

D．Tochangethewayyouthink.

【解析】　细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句“Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourselfimageandyourwholeworld.”可知。

【答案】　D

8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.

B．Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.

C．Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.

D．Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.

【解析】　主旨大意题。

第一段最后一句中有“buildapositiveselfimage，”第三段首句的“Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageisto...，”最后一段的首句“Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageisto...”都是说明如何建立肯定的自我形象的。

【答案】　C

C

（2016·江西吉安一中高二下段考）TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirsteverintelligentbicycle，fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicyclemadcountry.

DevelopedforthegovernmentbytheNetherlandsOrganizationforAppliedScientificResearch（TNO），theintelligentbicyclerunsonelectricity.Acommercialavailablebicycleisexpectedtobeonthemarketinthenexttwoyearsandshouldsellforbetween1，700to3，200eurosperbicycle.

Thedevicesonthebikearelinkedthroughanonboardcomputerwithavibrating（震动的）warningsystemfittedinthebicycle'ssaddleandhandlebarstowarncyclistsofthecomingdanger.

Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind，while，thehandlebarsdothesamewhenbarriersappearahead.

“Accidentsoftenhappenwhencyclistslookbehindthemorgetafrightwhentheyarepassedathighspeed，”saidMauriceKwakkernaat，oneofTNO'sresearchscientistsinvolvedintheproject.“Theonboardsystemtechnologyhasalreadybeenatworkinthecarindustry，”hesaid.

“Moreandmoreelderlypeopleareusingabicycle，notonlyforshortdistances，butalsoforlongerdistances，”DutchEnvironmentandInfrastructureMinisterMelanieSchultzvanHaegentoldAFP.“ThistypeofbicycleistrulyneededintheNetherlandsbecauseitwillhelpusbringdownthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoareinjuredeveryyearandallowthemtocontinuetoenjoycycling，”shesaid.

IntheNetherlands，bicyclesoutnumberthepopulationof17millionbyatleastonemillionandtherearesome25，000kmofbicyclepathinthecountry.Thosestatisticsaresettogrowasmoreandmorepeopletaketotwowheeledtransport，leadingtoanincreasedriskofinjury.

Lastyear，184cyclistsdiedinthecountry，ofwhich124,or67%，wereolderthan65，accordingtotheCentralStatisticsOffice.Theyearbefore，200cyclistsdied，themajorityofvictimsalsobeingelderly.

Thecurrentmodelweighs25kilogramsbutresearchersareworkingonmakingtheonboardsystemssmaller.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了一种新型的、灵巧的自行车。

9．Theintelligentbicycleisaimedto________．

A．protecttheenvironment

B．helpreducetrafficpressure

C．popularizetheuseofbicycles

D．improvesafetyforelderlycyclists

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据文章第一句“TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirsteverintelligentbicycle，fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicyclemadcountry.”可知，这种自行车是为了提高年龄较大的骑行者骑车的安全性。

故选D项。

【答案】　D

10．Whichpartoftheintelligentbicyclewillvibratewhenothercyclistswassuddenlyfoundahead?

A．Thehandlebars.

B．Thewheels.

C．Thesaddle.

D．Theonboardcomputer.

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的“Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind...”可知选A项。

【答案】　A

11．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______