20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx

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20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析

20xx年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版

20xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1many

worthwhilethings:

childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,in

thewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.

4,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrust

inanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6

pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7with

oneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting

9:

InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;

thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangers

thanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.

11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadian

studyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiatecredibleperson

andadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplastic

container.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,

smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfof

themfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetester

had17them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18to

cooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis

leadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedin

afollow-upactivity.

1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

1/23

2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest

3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again

5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When

6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains

8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to

9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters

11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over

14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted

15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside

16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered

17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled

19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

2/23

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhas

benefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLuddites

whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedliving

standardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshould

eventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmay

needalotofhelpadjusting.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

[A]creativepotential.

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

3/23

[D]cooperativespirit.

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

Text2

Anewsurveybyfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveof

PresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfrom

theWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmedia

platform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthas

risentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlya

quarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofwas

fakenews,accordingtothe.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44

percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedin,,and

thebytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceon

socialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand

immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir

4/23

valuesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews

liesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inother

words,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“This

indicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”says

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala

mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocial

media.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

[B]people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”（Line2,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

5/23

[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists'biasedreporting

[C]readers'misinterpretation

[D]journalists'made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

Text3

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Further

arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedof

patientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsabout

informedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseand

noteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameonthe

NHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely

“processedit.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingand

aggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.

6/23

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

7/23

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService（USPS）continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetloss

of$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceeded

revenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyfor

employeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,

theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathasp