冲刺届高三英语总复习高考模拟专版汇编C单元+阅读理解C8+科普知识类.docx

1、冲刺届高三英语总复习高考模拟专版汇编C单元+阅读理解C8+科普知识类C8 科普知识类【英语卷2014届江苏省徐州市第一中学（徐州市）高三考前模拟（201405）】C8 CGrasshoppers are having to change their song one of the iconic sounds of summer to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological So

2、cietys journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even fr

3、ogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grassh

4、oppers use their song to attract mates. The team then studied the differences in the two groups songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living

5、 beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations. According to Lampe: Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, w

6、hich makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(频谱). The teams findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshoppers mating system(交配系统). Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent f

7、emales from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognising males of their own species, or impair females ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song, Lampe explains. Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want

8、 to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae（幼虫）, or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences. The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur ma

9、inly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The males song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude (振幅) towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterised by slower ticking

10、sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases.63. The author wrote the article to _. A. introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates. B. raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grassh

11、oppers. C. inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research. D. warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system.64. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage? A. Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate. B. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt t

12、o the noisy environment. C. Grasshoppers songs include both low and high frequency components. D. Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.65. What does the underlined word “impair” in the fourth paragraph mean? A. repair B. develop C. weaken D. improve66. Which of the followin

13、g statements is true according the passage? A. Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song. B. Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates. C. Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise. D. Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring.【答案】63.C 解析：写作意

14、图 根据第The study, published in the British Ecological Societys journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations.可知目的是向我们介绍一个研究成果，故选C项。64.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段提到The study, published in the British Ecological Societys journal Functional Ecology, is the

15、 first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations.可知选B项。65.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段提到It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognising males of their own species, or impair females ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his

16、 song如果阻止雄性听到雌性的歌曲，或减弱他们的能力来评估一下雌性对雄性的吸引力，故选C项。66.A 解析：细节推断题。根据第三段提到We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(频谱).可知选A项。【解析 英语卷2014届湖南省长沙市高考模

17、拟试卷（二模）试题（201404）】C8 AHumans arent the only ones getting a buzz from coffee. Caffeine can improve memory among honeybees and lead to better pollination(授粉). According to a recent study published in the journal Science.The study was conducted by a team of researchers at Newcastle University in the Un

18、ited Kingdom. They found that the nectar(花蜜) of some flowers, such as those from grapefruit and lemon plants, as well as certain coffee flowers, contains low doses of caffeine. To get bees to feed on these flowers, the team trained the insects to associate food with the smell of the flowers. They al

19、so trained another group of bees to feed on nectar from flowers that were sweetened with a sugar, but did not contain caffeine. After 24 hours, the bees trained on caffeinated flowers returned to these plants three times as often as those trained on the sweetened flowers returned to the uncaffeinate

20、d plants.Professor Geraldine Wright led the researchers. “Remembering floral traits (花部特征) is difficult for bees to perform at a fast pace as they fly from flower to flower and we found that caffeine helps the bee remember where the flowers are,” Wright said in a statement.Improved memory led to the

21、 better pollination. Thats because once bees sip the caffeine nectar, they continue to look for more coffee plants to pollinate. This also suggests that caffeine plays a role in improving the bees ability to search for food.Researchers found that caffeines effect on the bee brain is similar to its e

22、ffect on mammals. “The change is similar to that produced by caffeine in neurons (神经元)”associated with learning and memory in the rat brain,” Wright said.Bee populations have declining since 2007. The dramatic drop in the insects numbers has serious effects for ecosystems and the farming industry. B

23、ees are needed in the reproduction of crops and spreading wild flower species. Understanding what keeps bees buzzing could help to make sure that the insects are able to remember and pollinate their favorite flowers.56. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A. Caffeine has no effect on

24、 the rat brain.B. Bee population has been increasing.C. The nectar of lemon plants contains caffeine.D. Bees dislike nectar from sweetened flowers.解析：细节题。根据第二段第二句话：They found that the nectar(花蜜) of some flowers, such as those from grapefruit and lemon plants, as well as certain coffee flowers, conta

25、ins low doses of caffeine.可以判断答案选C。技巧点拨：细节题一定要根据选项和题干定位出文章中的具体根据，然后进行认真比对。正确选项就是对原文的同义改写或替换。57. After reading the passage, John, who works in the farming industry, will probably feel _. A. annoyed B. angry C. nervous D. excited解析：态度推断题，根据文章最后一段可知，蜜蜂对生态和农业生产有比较大的影响，所以当John读完这篇文章后当然是excited了，生活有希望了。选D

26、。技巧点拨：作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是论文，应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字(文章最后，所提事物描述的后面)。58. Which of the following relationship is correct according to the passage? A. improved memory caffeine nectar better pollinat

27、ionB. caffeine nectar improved memory better pollinationC. improved memory better pollination caffeine nectar D. caffeine nectar better pollination improved memory解析：细节排序题，查看先后顺序，根据第三段（caffeine helps the bee remember where the flowers are,）、和第四段第一句话（Improved memory led to the better pollination.），可知

28、答案选B。技巧点拨：细节题一定要根据选项和题干定位出文章中的具体根据，然后进行认真比对。从而确定顺序。59. We can know from the passage that _. A. the rat is a mammal B. caffeine has nothing to do with memoryC. bees are good at remembering floral traits D. Geraldine Wright did the research on his own解析：细节推断题，根据文章第五段第一话中caffeines effect on the bee bra

29、in is similar to its effect on mammals. 后面又列举了rat的例子，那么就非常自然的选A了，老鼠是哺乳动物。技巧点拨：细节推断题必须找到具体的根据，然后再此基础上进行推断，防止无端推断或推断 过头。60. What section of a newspaper may this passage be taken from? A. Science B. Education C. Culture D. Sports解析：推断题，根据文章内容Caffeine can improve memory among honeybees and lead to bette

30、r pollination(授粉).可以判断选A。技巧点拨：主要根据文章内容，题材，进行推断。【英语卷2014届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】C8 C（2014合肥第二次质检）Eyeglasses correct many different types of sight problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism (散光). Trying to understand those different numbers on an eyeglass prescription (验光单) requires

31、 understanding the measurements optometrists (验光师) use when fitting you for corrective lenses (镜片).Diopters (屈光度)The numbers on your prescription are given in diopters, whose short form is D. It is used to measure the focusing power, or amount of correction.O.S. and O.D.Optometrists use the Latin sh

32、ort form O.S. and O.D. to distinguish between your eyes. O.S. refers to your left eye, while O.D. refers to the right eye.Generally, your prescription will show a number for O.S. and O.D. (given in diopters). The farther this number is on a number line from zero, the more correction your eyeglasses should provide. A plus sign means the eye is farsighted, while a minus sign means the eye is nearsighted.Spherical